REPORT DOCUMENT N° N/A

DATE : 02 / 06 / 2023
PREPARED
L.H. BELOUADI
BY
FLARE STUDY REPORT CHECKED PAGE 1 OF 9
-
BY
APPROVED
-
BY

FLARE STUDY REPORT

Rev. Date Page Description PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

0 02 / 06 / 2023 ALL FOR INFORMATION L.H. B - -
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SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT ........................................................................................................................ 3

2 GENERAL METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 3

2.1 BASIS AND ASSUMPTION ................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 FLARED FLUID DATA ..................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.2 SIMULATION BASIS......................................................................................................................................... 3

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 4

3.1 INFLUENCE OF THE FLUID MASS FLOWRATE ON THE TIP DIAMETER ................................................ 4

3.2 INFLUENCE OF THE MASS FLOWRATE ON THE FLAME AND STACK HEIGHT ................................... 4

3.3 INFLUENCE OF THE FLUID TEMPERATURE ON THE FLAME AND STACK HEIGHT ........................... 5

3.4 INFLUENCE OF THE MACH NUMBER CRITERIA ON THE TIP DIAMETER ............................................ 6

4 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................... 6

APPENDIX-1 RADIATION PROFILE ............................................................................................................................. 7

APPENDIX-2 NOISE PROFILE ....................................................................................................................................... 8

APPENDIX-3 TEMPERATURE PROFILE ..................................................................................................................... 9

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1 INTRODUCTION
One of the major challenges in the industrial sector is ensuring the safe process operation, particularly
during abnormal conditions. Proper flare design is crucial for the protection of personnel and
surrounding environment. This report presents the findings of a comprehensive study on flare thermal
assessment, focusing on flame length, stack sizing and the impact of mach number criteria.

1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT

A flare study has been performed to assess the thermal aspect of the flare and evaluate its sizing where
this document presents the results and the effect of different variables on the flare system sizing.

2 GENERAL METHODOLOGY

2.1 BASIS AND ASSUMPTION

2.1.1 FLARED FLUID DATA

The table below represents the flared fluid properties:
Table-1: Flared fluid properties
Mole Weight 36,97
LHV(Kj/Kg) 44575
Cp/Cv 1,155

The table below represents the operating parameters:

Table-2: Operating Parameters

Fluid Rate [Kg/h]

50000
Fluid Temperature [°C]
100

2.1.2 SIMULATION BASIS

The simulation was carried out using FLARESIM in accordance with API 521 where the fluid properties
and parameters were characterized as per Table-1 and Table-2 respectively. The simulation was run with
different values of the fluid mass flowrate, temperature and different values of mach number criteria to
study the impact on the flare sizing.
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3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 INFLUENCE OF THE FLUID MASS FLOWRATE ON THE TIP DIAMETER

Figure-1 represents the influence of the fluid mass flowrate on the tip diameter.

14

12
Tip Diameter (inch)

10

0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Mass Flowrate (Kg/h)

Tip Diameter

Figure-1: Influence of the fluid mass flowrate on the tip diameter.

As can be seen in the plot above, the tip diameter increases by the increase of the mass flowrate. Results
are adequate as the tip diameter of the flare stack is often designed based on the maximum allowable exit
velocity, When the mass flow rate increases, more gas is being discharged through the stack, which can
lead to higher exit velocities. To maintain the desired exit velocity within acceptable limits, the tip diameter
is increased to accommodate the increased flow rate.

3.2 INFLUENCE OF THE MASS FLOWRATE ON THE FLAME AND STACK HEIGHT

Figure-2 represents the influence of the fluid mass flowrate on the flame and stack height

70

60

50
Height (m)

40

30

20

10

0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Mass Flowrate (Kg/h)

Stack Height Flame Length

Figure-2: Influence of the fluid mass flowrate on the flame and stack height.
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As can be seen in the plot above, the flame height increases by the increase of the mass flowrate. This can
be explained by the increase of the heat release; the increase of mass flowrate increases the heat released
which is proportional to the flame height according to the API 521. Therefore, an increase in the mass
flow rate will generally lead to a higher flame height which leads to higher stack height.

3.3 INFLUENCE OF THE FLUID TEMPERATURE ON THE FLAME AND STACK HEIGHT

Figure-3 represents the influence of the fluid temperature on the flame and stack height:
90
80
70
60
Height (m)

50
40
30
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Fluid Temperature (°C)

Flame Length Stack Height

Figure-3: Influence of the fluid temperature on the flame and stack height.

As can be seen in the plot above, when the temperature increases, both the flame length and the stack height
decrease. Higher temperatures promote faster ignition and rapid combustion which makes the flame propagate
more quickly leading to shorter flame lengths and shorter stack height as well.
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3.4 INFLUENCE OF THE MACH NUMBER CRITERIA ON THE TIP DIAMETER

Figure-4 represents the influence of the variation of the mach number criteria on the tip diameter.

30

25
Tip Diameter (in)

20

15

10

0
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8
Mach Number

Tip Diameter

Figure-4: Influence of the variation of the mach number criteria on the tip diameter.
As shown in the plot above, increasing the mach number criteria decreases the tip diameter in order to
maintain a desired velocity and pressure profile within the flare system as the Mach number primarily relates
to the velocity of gas flow within the flare system.

4 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this simulation study demonstrates that:
 Higher mass flowrate result in higher tip diameter and higher flame and stack height.
 Higher temperature results in shorter flame length and stack height.
 Higher mach number values result in smaller tip diameter.
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APPENDIX-1 RADIATION PROFILE

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APPENDIX-2 NOISE PROFILE

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APPENDIX-3 TEMPERATURE PROFILE