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Vector Analysis
“THE ESTABLISHED LEADER IN EE REVIEW”
LEGIT
MULTIVECTOR
Review and Training Center
Ground Floor, Cuevasville Tower
F. Cayco corner Earnshaw St.
‘Sampaloc, Manila
Tel. No. (02) 8731-7423 SCALAR QUANTITIES
LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
VECTOR ANALYSIS
= quantities which are completely specified when their magnitude are given.
for example: speed, distance, work, volume, mass, specific heat, gravitational potential, time, ete.
VECTOR QUANTITIES
= quantities. which require both magnitude and direction in order to be completely specified
for example: velocity, displacement, momentum, weight, torque, centrifugal force, electtic field
intensity, etc.
VECTOR REPRESENTATION :
a. Graphically
for example,
ow
length ~ represents the magnitude
arrowhead — represents the direction
UNIT VECTOR :
~ isa vector having unit magnitude.
Cartesian Unit Vectors i, j, k in 3D-space :
where: i,j, and k are unit vectors in the
direction of increasing value of x, y,
and z respectively.
Note:
b. Analytically
for example, vector A can be
represented as A or A.
Note:
—Kis a vector having the same
magnitude as A but opposite in
direction
Vector in 3D-space :
(0s, Be As)
y Anke
xe ad
A= AVE Ag) + Agk =< Ay Ag, Ay >
where: A;, Ac, As are scalar components of A
‘Ail, Aa), Agk are vector components of A
41. Zero oF Null Vector — it has zero magnitude and direction is undefined or no specific direction.
2. Equality of Vectors — two vectors are equal if and only if their corresponding components are
also equal,
Vector Analysis
Page | Magnitude or length of Ais
denoted by |A| or A.
JA] = JAy? + Ag? + Ag?
Position/Radius Vector
LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
VECTOR ANALYSIS
Unit Vector in the direction of Ais
denoted by a,
~ any vector starts from the origin which is usually represented by
raxisyj+2k
Laws of Vector Algebra :
Ke tye tae
It, B, and C are vectors and mand n are scalars, then :
1. A+B=B+A
2. A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C
3. mA=Am
Multiplication of Vectors :
|. DOT OR SCALAR PRODUCT
By definition,
= |AIIB| cos 8
where @ ~ smaller angle between A and B
O (%orYor 20)
Po (wy,2)
PoP = (X— Xo Y— Yor — to)
NL PiP,then N+ PB = 0
{a,b,0) # (X= x0, ¥ = Yor2 = 2) = 0
Standard
a(x — Xo) + b(y = yo) + e(2— 7%) = 0 (evan
of a Plane
ax + by + ez + (—axe — byo ~ ezo) =
General
axtbyteztd=0 (Easton)
of a Plane
Vector Anais
Page |4 LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
VECTOR ANALYSIS
SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT =
for example, Note:
1. Ae(BxC 1. The cross product must be evaluated first.
2 Be(CxA’ 2. The parenthesis used in scalar triple product
3. C#(AXB)=C+AXB is not necessary.
rae ‘8. The dot product and the cross symbol can be
interchanged
Important Laws of Scalar Triple Product :
1. AxB+C=A+BxC ~B+AxC
2. AxB+C=C+AxB = Ax A+C=0, since Ax A=0
3. A+BxC=B+CxA=C+AxB A+CxA=0,since Ax A=0
VOLUME OF A PARALLELEPIPED :
V=Acih)
= [BX Cl(Sprojp.ca)
= |BXC\(A+ dy)
= ipxci(a ASBxC
As|
. v=|aA+Bxcl=|B; B, By
cs Ge
VOLUME OF TETRAHEDRON :
1
Volume of Pyramid == (Area ofits base)(Height)
: 1
Volume of Tetrahedron = 55.1) (Sprojaaca)
=; (Volume of Parallelepiped)
:
Volume of Tetrahedron = —|A + B x C]
VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT
for example,
Ax (BC), (AxB) x6, eto
1. AX(BXC) # (AX B)XC
Showing the need for parentheses in A x B x C to avoid ambiguity
2. Ax (BX) =(A+OB—(A+B)A
also,
(Ax B) x C= (A+ OB- (BOA
3. AX (BX CO) =-(BKO) xA
Veetor Anais
Page |S VECTOR ANALYSIS
LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER &
DIFFERENTIAL OPERATOR DEL OR NEBLA (V)
os OnE ID
ax Vay tan
If @(x, y, 2) is a differential scalar field, Then the gradient of @ is
‘THE DIVERGENCT
It V(x, y, 2) is a vector function with components whose first derivatives are continuous in the domain of V,
the divergence of V is given by
a
=) + (WV, +p + Vy)
Vector Analysis
Page |6 10.
v
LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER &
VECTOR ANALYSIS ey
REE - Apr. 2007
. Find the length of the vector (2, 4, 4).
AS B.6 C4 D8
Express in forms of the unit vectors i, j,k the force of 200 N that starts at the poi
(2, 5, ~3) and passes through the point (~3, 2, 1)
A. -141.42i + 84.85j + 113.14k C. 141.42) + 84.85j + 113.14k
B. 141.421 — 84.85] + 113.14k D. -141.42i — 84.85] + 113.14k
REE - Apr. 2017
The position vectors of point A and B are 2 + i and 3 - 2i respectively. Find an equation
for line AB.
A.8x-y=5 B.oxt+y=7 C.x+3y=5 D.x-3y=9
REE - Oct. 1994
Displacement A is 2 meters north, displacement B is 3 meters south. Find the magnitude
and direction of B- A.
AIS BAIN C.5S D.5N
REE - Apr. 2015
Find a+ b if |a|= 26 and | b| =17 and the angle between them is pi/3.
A224 B.212 C.383 D. 338
Given A
(y= N)ax + 2xay; find the vector at (2, 2, 1) and its projection on B where
B=5a,-a, + 2a,
HEHE eee SAE il
Aa + day, pact oo Ca + day, 6a 35 a+ eae
ea anes at
Ba,+ da, fa.+35 Dias day fa 35 ay + ae
Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (0, 1, 2), (-1, 2, 1) and (5, 1, 2)
A.5V2 B.2v2 o.N2 D. Nz
REE ~ Sept. 2001
The 3 vectors described by: 10cmiat 120k degrees, k = 0, 1, 2 encompass the sides of
an equilateral triangle. Determine the magnitude of the vector cross product
0.5{(10/ at 0 deg) x (10/ at 120 deg)]
A. 86.6 B. 25.0 C.50.0 D. 43.3
REE - Sept. 2011 / Sept. 2016
‘There is a vector v = 7}, another vector u starts from the origin with a magnitude of 5
rotates in the xy plane. Find the maximum magnitude of u x v.
A.24 B.70 C12 D.35
REE — Apr. 2019 / Aug. 2019
Find | u x v | correct to three decimal places where | u | = 9,| v| = 3, 20 = 85 deg
A. 2.989 B. 31.897 C.2.353 D. 26.897
Vector Anaysis
Page |7 12,
13,
14,
15.
16.
17.
18,
19.
LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
VECTOR ANALYSIS
REE ~ Apr. 2013
What is the vector which is orthogonal both to 9i + 9j and 91 + 9k?
A.81i+81j-81k B.81i-81j-B1k C.81i-81j+81k D. Bti+ B1j + 81k
REE — Sept. 2014 / Sept. 2015 / Apr. 2018
What is the unit vector orthogonal both to Si + 9j and Si + 9k?
ira 3 jk
Azt+tat+
v3 V3 V3
ok
Bieta
cece
REE - Aug. 2019
Find the parametric equations for the line through the point (1, 7, 2) that is parallel to the
plane x + y +2 = 10 and perpendicular to the line x= 3 + t, y= -18 -t,
A.x=6t-1,y=4t-7,2=-2t-2 C.x=6tt 1, y=-at+7, z= -2t+2
B.x=4t+ 1, y=-6t+7,2=2t+2 D.x=4t+1,y=-6t,2=2t+2
Find the volume of the parallelepiped having i + 3j + 2k, 2i + j—_k and i—2j +k be the
edges.
A 18 cu B19 cu C.20cu. D. 21 cu.
Find the value of m that makes vectors A =i +j-k, B =2i-j+kand C = mi-j+mk
coplanar.
AO Bl C.2 D.3
REE - Apr. 1999
Determine the gradient of the function f(x, y, z) = x + ¥° + Z at the point (1, 2, 3). Give
the magnitude of the gradient of f.
A.7.21 units B. 8.25 units C. 6.00 units D. 7.48 units
Evaluate V|r|>
Acre B.2rr C.4re D.3rr
REE ~ Apr. 2001
Determine the divergence of the vector:
V = I(x") + j(-xy) + K(xyz) at the point (3, 2, 1)
A. 13.00 B.9.00 €.11.00 D.7.00
REE — Sept. 2001
A point travels as described by the following parametric equations x = 10t + 10cos(!),
y = 10t + 10sin(mt), z = 10t, where x, y, z are in meters, t in seconds, all angles are in
radians. The vector locating the body at anytime is r = ix + jy + kz. Determine the
magnitude of the velocity of the body in meters per second at time t = 0.25.
4.33.07 B. 34.57 C. 35.87 D. 33.85
Vector Analysis
Page |8
