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Pavement Distress Summary

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Summary

DISTRESS POSSIBLE CAUSE MAINTENANCE SUGGESTIONS

Pot Hole 1. Weak pavement, surface, base, Cut wet material out, clean and fill with
subgrade asphalt mix. Allow an extra 25% of volume
2. Thin surface for compaction. Use a straight edge to
3. Excess or deficient fines restore patch to existing roadway section.
4. Poor drainage
Base Failure 1. Consolidation of subgrade Remove all surface and base to a fine
2. Overload in area material and replace with an asphalt mix to
3. Lack of lateral support a minimum depth according to required
4. Poor drainage structural design.

Raveling 1. Lack of compaction Skin patch, spot seal, fog seal or slurry seal.
2. Constructed in cold or wet weather If required for entire project a thin overlay
3. Dirty aggregate may be required.
4. Dry mix
5. Over heating mix

Bleeding 1. Excess asphalt Blot with screenings, apply chip surface

2. Low air voids treatment, or thin overlay. If project is
3. Excess prime or tack pushing or other signs of plastic movement
roto-mill/overlay.

Corrugations 1. Plastic mixture Roto-mill plastic mixture off and replace with
2. Low air voids proper mixture. If base material is
3. Excessive asphalt or fines responsible, remove pavement, scarify and
4. Unstable base material re-compact.

Depressions 1. Consolidation of subgrade Clean area, tack and place a hot-mix skin
2. Poor construction patch. The area should be string lined for
3. Poor drainage limits of patch.

Alligator Cracks 1. Weak surface, base or subgrade Remove all distressed area to a depth of
2. Thin surface or base firm material and replace with the proper
3. Poor drainage asphalt mix, allowing 25% times depth of
patch for compaction.

Dry 1. Old and dried out mix Fog seal, slurry seal or overlay.
Surface/Cracking 2. Mix was placed too dry

Edge Cracks 1. Lack of lateral support Improve drainage. Remove trees, shrubs
2. Settlement of underlying material etc., close to edge. Fill cracks with asphalt
3. Shrinkage of drying out soil emulsion slurry or emulsified asphalt.

Edge Joint 1. Wetting and drying beneath shoulder Improve drainage by removing the source
Cracks surface that traps the water. Fill with asphalt
2. Poor shoulder drainage due to a sholder emulsion slurry or light grade of asphalt
higher than main pavement mixed with fine sand. Provide side drainage
3. Depression in pavement edge ditches.
4. Shoulder settlement, mix shrinkage and
trucks straddling the joint.
Slippage Cracks 1. Lack of a good bond between surface Remove surface layer from around crack
layer and the course beneath until good bond between layers is found.
2. Lack of bond due to dust, oil, dirt, Patch with plant-mixed asphalt material.
rubber, water and other non-adhesive Tuck with an asphalt emulsion.
material
3. Tack coat has not been used
4. Mixture has a high sand content

Rutting 1. Results from consolidation or lateral Level pavements by filling with hot plant-
movement under traffic mired asphalt materials. Follow with thin
2. Displacement in the asphalt surface asphalt plant-mix overlay, or roto-mill and
layer overlay.
3. New asphalt pavements with too little
Remove plastic mix by milling and replace
compaction during construction
with stable win.
4. Plastic fines in mix that does not have
enough stability to support traffic. (high
-200 material causing low air voids)

Loss of 1. Not spread immediately (1 minute) Spread over affected areas hot coarse sand.
Aggregate on 2. Asphalt may have cooled to much After spreading it should be rolled
Surface 3. Aggregate too dusty or too wet when immediately with a pneumatic-tired roller.
Treatments spread
4. Not rolled immediately after placing it
may not become seated
5. Steel-wheeled roller alone was used for
compaction
6. Weather too cool when treatment
applied
7. Fast traffic too soon after application

Longitudinal 1. Spray bar not set at correct height Re-seal surface using proper procedure and
Streaking 2. Nozzle on spray bar not set at the adjustment of equipment.
correct angle
3. Wrong asphalt pump seed
4. Asphalt too cold
5. Pump pressure too low

Moisture 1. Moisture in pavement by high voids/low Remove and replace with good mix.
Damage density, usually trapped in lower or
(stripping) intermediate layer
Identified by 2. Excessive minus 200 material high
pavement fines/asphalt ratio
shoving,
bleeding or
rutting
 Transverse 1. Low temperature thermal cracking, Should use softer grade asphalt.
uniform crack asphalt grade is too hard for climatic
Pour with ASTM 3405 joint material.
spaces conditions.

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