Formulae

volume of solute [C ]c [ D]d amount of solute(moles)

% (v/v)   100% Energy , E  hf Equilibrium con stan t , K c  Molarity 
volume of solution [ A] a [ B ] b volume of solution(L)
 RT 
mass of solute ( P )c ( P )d Nerst equation , Ecell  Ecell
o
  ln Q
% (w/w)  100 % Equilibrium con stan t , K p  C a D b  nF 
( PA ) ( PB )
mass of solution Osmotic pressure ,   MRT
Acid dissociati on constant , Formal  No. of valence e   1  No. of
 
  No. of lone 
 
 Partial pressure , PA  X A Ptotal

[ H ][ A ]  charge  in free atoms  2  bonding e    pair e  
Ka      
[ HA ] Raoult ' s law, PA  X A PAo
Freezing point depression , T f  K f m
Acid concentrat ion , [C ]c [ D]d
Gas solubility , Sg  kPg Reaction quotient , Q 
[H  ]  K a  c ; pH   log [ H  ] [ A] a [ B ] b
Heat flow , Q  mcT
1  1 1 
E  RH  2  2 
Arrhenius equation , ln k  ln A  a Henderson  Hasselbalc h equation ,
Rydberg ' s equation ,
  
RT  n1 n2 
[ salt ]
V V pH  pK a  log ; Speed of light , c  f
Avogadro ' s law , 1 = 2 [ acid ]
n1 n2 [ salt ] o o o
pOH  pK b  log Standard cell emf , E cell  Ecathode  E anode
Base dissociation cons tant , [ base ] o
Standard cell emf , E cell o
 Ereduction o
 E oxidation
[ B  ][ OH  ]
Kb  Ideal gas law , PV  nRT Standard enthalpy change ,
[ BOH ]
Integrated first order rate law , H o  H of (products)  H of (reactants ) ;
Base concentrat ion ,
ln[ A ] o  ln[ A ]  kt ; ln2  kt1/2 H o  Bond enthalpies (reactants )  Bond enthalpies (products)
[OH  ]  K b  c ; pOH  log [OH  ]
amount of solute (moles) Total electrical ch ar ge  I  t
Molality 
Boiling po int elevation , Tb  K bm mass of solvent(kg )
Total electrical ch a rge  n  F
Boyle ' s law , P1V1  P2 V2 nA
Mole fraction , X A 
ntotal Total vapour pressure , Ptotal  P1  P2  P3  .....  Pn
V V
Charles ' law , 1 = 2 Water dissociation cons tant ,
T1 T2 mRT dRT
Molar mass , M r  ; K w  [ H  ][ OH  ] ; pK w  pH  pOH
PV P
P1V1 P2 V2
Combined gas law , =
T1 T2

Constants

Avogadro’s constant = 6.02 1023 mol−1 Rydberg’s constant for hydrogen, RH = 1.09678 107 m−1
Dissociation constant of water, Kw = 1.00 10−14 mol2 L−2 Speed of light, c = 3.00 108 m s−1
Faraday’s constant, F = 96500 C Universal gas constant, R = 0.0821 atm L mol−1 K−1 or 8.31 kPa L mol−1 K−1 or
Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 10-34 J s 62.36 torr L mol−1 K−1 or 8.314 J mol−1 K−1

Chemistry Centre for Pre–University Studies UNIMAS

 The Periodic Table of Elements
1 18
1.0 4.0
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2 Key 13 14 15 16 17 2
6.9 9.0 Relative Atomic Mass 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
Li Be Atomic Symbol B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Name Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 Atomic Number 5 6 7 8 9 10
23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (266) (264) (277) (268) (271) (272)
Fr Ra Ac** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Elements with atomic numbers 112-116 have been
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentigenium reported but not fully authenticated
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
* Lanthanide Series
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
232.0 (231) 238.0 (273) (242) (243) (247) (245) (251) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257)
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
** Antinide Series
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Chemistry Centre for Pre–University Studies UNIMAS