WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
EGG WEIGHT-SORTING MACHINE
A Research Project
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of ICT and Engineering
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY, INC.
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING (BSCpE)
By:
PAGALAN, MARK GIL G.
BILBAO, FRANCIS JOHN C.
LATORRE, CHARIECIS MAE
Engr. Martin L. Martinez
Adviser
March, 2023
1
Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
Eggs are one of the poultry products popularly consumed in the
Philippines. In 2022, the egg production of eggs reached 185.58 thousand metric
tons, indicating an annual growth of 10.5 percent from the 167.93 thousand
metric tons output in same period last year. The farm gate price of eggs was 6.97
pesos (PhP) per piece during this year. This production grossed 46,264.34
million pesos (PhP) at current price, posting an 8.36% increase versus the
previous year, with the CALABARZON region contributing 34.2% of the country’s
total egg production. Chicken population grow by 20.72 percent, the increases in
chicken inventory of Leyte (61.66%), Eastern Samar (55.37), and Samar
(16.72%) contributed to the increase in the total chicken inventory of the region in
the second quarter of 2022, in Cebu City with 60.50 thousand metric tons.
Grading/sorting of egg products are being done to avoid losses in the
marketing of such products. In the Philippines, egg products in public markets
and supermarkets are usually sorted based on the quality and the size. Quality of
the eggs includes parameters such as presence of dirt, cracks, as well as internal
characteristics of the eggs. On the other hand, grading based on size involves
sorting according to the weight of each egg. It is necessary to maintain uniformity
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
in size of eggs since it contributes to the profits of the egg industry. According to
the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Products Standards (BAFPS), eggs can
be classified into eight (8) categories. They have provided a standard for the
weight classification indicating the weight range for each category (Table 1).
Table 1. Weight classification of eggs in the Philippines (BAFPS)
Weight class Weight range of each egg (grams)
Jumbo ≥ 70g
Extra-Large 65g – 70g
Large 60g – 65g
Medium 55g – 60g
Small 50g – 55g
Pullets 45g – 50g
Peewee 40g – 45g
Most egg farmers in our country follow the prescribed standard of Bureau
of Agriculture and Fisheries Products Standard (BAFPS). And mostly, sorting is
done through manual weighing of eggs using a weighing scale. The manual
means is still employed especially by small scale egg farm laborers. This method
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
of sorting requires handling of eggs with care to avoid cracking or breaking of the
eggs. In the absence of digital weighing scale, weighing becomes subjective as
the weight readings will depend on the observer. Errors in readings related to
operator fatigue and judgment increase when analog weighing scales are
used.
Moreover, the manual method becomes more costly and impractical
especially when dealing with larger number of egg products. In addition,
handling egg with bare hands introduces moisture to the egg’s surface
which may provide a suitable breeding ground for bacteria. Prolonged
contact by humans to fresh eggs poses risk of possible contamination of
Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) which are mostly present on the egg’s surface as
these pass through the cloaca of chickens. Farm personnel especially those
from backyard farms are often the victims of such contamination due to lack
of proper hygienic procedures. Increased contact with human hands exposes
eggs to cumulative fatigue due to manual collection, sorting and packing which
also raises the chance of acquiring cracks on the shell. Internal contamination
after penetration of Salmonella from the surface may occur. Such occurrence
poses risks to the consuming public, especially with the increased desire of the
consumers for raw and unprocessed eggs. Automation of collecting processes
and mechanization of sorting in high-end egg farms are able to minimize contact
with human hands. Egg sorting machine is used for sorting eggs into different
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
grades by weight. The main constitutes are including eggs conveying belts, eggs
groove, eggs grader, and filtrating floor.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
General Objective: The main objective of the study is to design and develop an
egg weight sorting machine.
Specifically, the following are the objectives of the study:
1. To create an egg-weight sorting machine that will help farmers easily
identify the weight of an egg.
Peewee – 40grams to 45grams
Pullet – 45grams to 50grams
Small – 50grams to 55grams
Medium – 55grams to 60grams
Large – 60grams to 65grams
Extra-Large – 65grams – 7ograms
Jumbo – 70grams above
2. To be able to develop a program that will be used in interfacing the
different module hardware utilized.
3. To be able to integrate the following design:
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
a. a prototype which can sort eggs into different grades based on
weight
b. a prototype in which eggs can go directly from the chicken cage
to the egg-weight sorting machine
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research project focuses on designing and developing an egg-weight
sorting machine system that is used for sorting eggs into different grades by
weight.
Scopes:
The device is designed to segregate the egg from peewee to jumbo
by the bases of egg weight.
To distinguish a bad egg from a good egg, the device will contain a
rotten egg detection system.
The device is equipped with power motor for running the conveyor
for the sorting machine.
The device is powered by an electrical grid.
Limitations:
The device cannot arrange by itself repacking to the egg tray.
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
The machine doesn’t have a system to remove the dirt spots of the
egg.
The machine cannot operate when the power is interrupted.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The system that researchers wanted to design and develop aims to helps
the owner of the egg poultry to minimize the time and work. Egg sorting machine
is used for sorting eggs into different classifications by their weight. The main
constitutes are including eggs conveying belts, eggs groove, eggs grader, egg
weight sensor, servo motor and filtrating floor. The egg sorting machine is
suitable for various kinds of egg like hen eggs or other eggs. Egg sorting is
important as it determines and separates eggs into grades quality. This insures
that a consumer doesn’t get a faulty egg that is not fit for consumption.
Consumers can benefit from the quality and the correct weight of the
eggs. The owners/farmers benefit by saving time and money and easily
operating the system, which allows them to determine the size or classification of
an egg based on its weight. Furthermore, the supplier benefits from providing
high-quality products from a manufacturer at a reasonable price to a distributor or
retailer for resale.
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
FLOW OF THE SYSTEM
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Separate
-Determine
the good
the weight of
eggs from
Eggs coming each egg
rotten eggs
from the from peewee
and grading
poultry/hens to jumbo
the eggs
cage. -Determine
using the
the rotten
weight
eggs.
machine
Input – Eggs from the hen cage go to the sensor using the conveyor belt, and
then the next step is the weighing process.
Process – Eggs are weighed using the weight sensor, and if the sensor
determines whether they are peewee, pullet, small, medium, large, extra-large, or
jumbo, it can automatically sort them by their weight.
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
Output – Eggs are sorted by their exact size and weight classification, which
ranges from peewee to jumbo.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Conveyor – is a looped belt that is driven by and wrapped around one or more
pulleys. It is powered by an electric motor and supported by a metal plate bed or
rollers upon which the conveyor belt rests. The pulley that powers a conveyor
belt is referred to as the drive pulley and has an unpowered idler pulley.
Peewee – the smallest weight class, are said to be the rarest size. They’re often
known as pullet eggs, which mean they’re laid by very young hens. Peewee eggs
weigh in at minimum of 15 ounces per dozen.
Pullet – is a hen that is under one year old and has only been laying eggs for
only a few months. Pullet eggs are the first eggs laid by hens at about 18 weeks
old. These young hens are just getting into their egg-laying groove, meaning
these eggs will be noticeably smaller than the usual eggs you come across.
Small – a size that is less than normal or usual, having comparatively little size or
slight dimensions
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City
College of ICT & Engineering
Medium – an agency or means of doing something; something that is sold in a
medium size; something that is the middle size when compared with things that
are larger and smaller.
Large – of considerable or relatively great size, extent, or capacity, also means
the size of an item, such as clothing, that falls between medium and extra-large.
Extra Large – a garment size for a very large person, size the property resulting
from being one of a series of graduated.
Jumbo – a very large egg or thing, a very large specimen of its kind
Sorting machine – is a machine used for sorting banknotes. Cash Sorters can file
through a number of banknotes, and sort it into denominations. Many Cash
Sorters also function as a banknote counter, and can count money as well as
splitting them into groups.
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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
