CHAPTER I

Introduction

The lips are a sensitive and vulnerable area of the body, prone to

dryness, cracking, and damage from environmental factors such as sun

exposure, wind, and cold temperatures. Lip balms are commonly used to

moisturize and protect the lips, but there I a wide variety of products

available with different ingredients, formulations, and claims. Among the

various types of lip balms, petroleum jelly-based lip balms are a popular

choice due to their natural moisturizing properties and affordability.

However, the efficacy and safety of petroleum jelly-based lip balms in

improving lip hydration and reducing dryness have not been thoroughly

evaluated.

Therefore, the proposed research aims to conduct a systematic review

of existing literature to evaluate the effectiveness of petroleum jelly-based lip

balms improving lip hydration and reducing dryness. This research will

synthesize the available evidence from clinical trials and observational

studies to provide an evidence-based assessment of the benefits and

potential risks associated with the use of petroleum jelly-based lip balms.

The findings of this research can help inform healthcare professionals and

consumer about the most effective and safe lip care options, and guide the

development of new care products that meet the needs of individuals with

different lip conditions and preferences.

Background of the Study

 The use of lip balms for the purpose of moisturizing and protecting the

lips has been a common practice for centuries. In ancient times, various

natural ingredients such as beeswax, honey, and plant extracts were used

to sothe and soften the lips. Today, lip balms are widely available in various

formulations and formats, ranging from simple petroleum jelly-based

products to more complex formulations containing active ingredients such

as vitamins, antioxidants, and sunscreens.

Petroleum jelly, also known as petroleum, is a semi-solid mixture of

hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It has been used for over a century as

a skin protectant and moisturizer due to its occlusive and emollient

properties. Petroleum jelly-based lip balms are popular choice among

consumers due to their affordability, accessibility, and effectiveness in

moisturizing and protecting the lips.

Howe, ever the effectiveness and safety of petroleum jelly-based lip

balm in improving lip hydration and reducing dryness have not been

extensively studied. Some studies have raised concerns about the potential

risks associated with the use of petroleum jelly-based products, such as

allergic reactions, irritation, and inflammation. Therefore, a comprehensive

evaluation of the benefits and risks of petroleum jelly-based lip balms is

necessary to provide evidence-based guidance for consumers and healthcare

professionals in selecting the most effective and safe lip care options.

Statement of the Problem

The use of lip balms, particularly petroleum jelly-based products, is a

common practice among individuals seeking to improve lip hydration and

reduce dryness. However, the efficacy and safety of petroleum jelly-based lip

balms have not been thoroughly evaluated. Specially, the following problems

arise:

1. Lack of comprehensive evidence-based research on the effectiveness of

petroleum jelly-based lip balms in improving lip hydration and

reducing dryness.

2. Uncertainly about the potential risks associated with the use of

petroleum jelly-based lip balms, such as allergic reactions, irritation,

and inflammation.

3. Lack of clear guidelines for selecting the most effective and safe lip

care options, particularly for individuals with different lip conditions,

medical histories, and preferences.

4. The need for evidence-based recommendations for the development of

new lip care products that meet the needs of individuals with different

lip conditions and preferences.

These problems highlight the importance of conducting a systematic

review of existing literature to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the

benefits and risks associated with the use of petroleum jelly-based lip

balms.

Hypothesis

The researcher hypothesized that:

Ho 1: The use of petroleum jelly-based lip balms is generally safe and

well-tolerated, with a low risk of adverse reactions.

 Ho 2: The efficacy and safety of petroleum jelly-based lip balms may vary

depending on factors such as the formulation, concentration, and

duration of use, as well as individual factors such as skin type, lip

condition, and medical history.

Ho 3: Petroleum jelly-based lip balms are effective in improving lip

hydration and reducing dryness compared to placebo or no treatment.

Significance of the Study

The proposed research on the effectiveness and safety of petroleum

jelly-based lip balms in improving hydration and reducing dryness has

significant implications for several stakeholders:

1. Healthcare professionals: The findings of this research can provide

evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals in recommening

the most effective and safe lip care options for their patients. this can

improve the quality of care for individuals with different lip conditions

and prevent adverse reactions associated with the use of lip balms.

2. Consumers: The results of this research can help consumers make

informed decisions about the most appropriate lip care products for

their needs and preferences. This can improve the satisfaction and

well-being of individuals using lip balms and the risk of adverse

reactions.

3. Lip care products manufacturers: The evidence-based

recommendations derived from this research can guide the

development of new lip care products that meet the needs of

individuals with different lip conditions and preferences. This can

 improve the competitiveness and profitability of the lip care industry

and promote innovation and quality improvement.

4. Research community: The proposed research can contribute to the

scientific knowledge base on the efficacy and safety of petroleum jelly-

based lip balms and provide a basis for further research on lip care

products and practices.

Overall, the significance of this research lies in its potential to improve

the effectiveness, safety, and accessibility of lip care products and

practices, and ultimately enhance the well-being and quality of life of

individuals using lip balms.

Scope and Limitation

 RRL

Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes some brief overview of the purpose and scope of

lip care and common lip conditions, types of lip balms and their ingredients,

and the benefits and limitations of petroleum jelly-based lip balms.

Lips are important for various functions such as eating, speaking, and

facial expressions. They are also essential for maintaining the health and

integrity of the oral mucosa and protecting the teeth from mechanical

trauma and bacteria (Di Nardo et al., 2013). However, the lips are highly

susceptible to environmental factors such as cold weather, wind, and sun

exposure, which can lead to common lip conditions such as dryness,

chapping, and cracking (Vázquez Martinez et al., 2021).

Lip balms are tropical products designed to moisturize and protect the

lips from dryness and damage. They can be formulated with various types of

ingredients such as emollients, humectants, occlusives, and sunscreen

agents, depending on their intended use and the desired properties (Alvarez-

Pérez et al., 2020). One of the most commonly used ingredients in lip balms

is petroleum jelly, which is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons that forms

a protective barrier on the skin and prevents moisture loss (Woo et al.,

2019).

Petroleum Jelly-based lip balms have been shown to be effective in

improving lip hydration and reducing dryness. In a randomized, double-

blind study of 50 participants with dry lips, the application of a petroleum

jelly-based lip balm tice daily for two weeks resulted in significant

improvement lip hydration, as measured by corneometry and visual

assessment (Sawada et al., 2019). Another study comparing the efficacy of

different lip balm formulations found that a petroleum jelly-based lip balm

was more effective in reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) from the

lips compared to other formulations (Flutr et al., 2008). However, Fluhr

(2008) said that petroleum jelly-based may have some limitations, such as

the greasy texture, which can be undesirable for some users and the lack of

additional active ingredients that can provide specific benefits such as sun

protection or anti-aging effects.

Sultana (2017) discovered that a papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a

tropical fruit rich in bioactive compounds such as vitamins, minerals, and

enzymes, which have been shown to have various health benefits including

antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin rejuvenating effects. Papain is a

proteolytic enzyme found in papaya that has been used in cosmetic and

pharmaceutical products for its exfoliating, moisturizing, and anti-aging

properties, said Mukherjee (2021).

Saeedi (2019) said that Several studies have investigated the benefits

of papaya in skin care and lip balm products. In randomized, controlled

trial of 24 participants with dry, cracked lips, the application of papaya-

based lip balms for two weeks resulted in significant improvement in lip

hydration and a reducing in lip scaling and cracking, compared to a

placebo lip balm.

Activity 2: Individual School-Based Situation

As a student leader, I would strive to bring about positive changes that

enhance the overall student experience and create a thriving learning environment. I
will outline the changes I would advocate for, emphasizing students well-being,
inclusivity, students engagement, academic support, sustainability, and career and
life skills development.
One of my primary focuses as a student leader would be to prioritize the well-
being of my fellow students. I firmly believe that mental, emotional, and physical
health are essential for academic success and personal growth. To promote well-
being, I would initiate events and campaigns that raise awareness about mental
health.
Creating a inclusive and safe environment is crucial for nurturing a sense of
belongings and respect among all students. I would strive to cultivate a culture of
acceptance and understanding by organizing cultural events and awareness
campaigns that celebrates diversity and promote equality.
As a student leader, I would encourage increased involvement by organizing
student-led events, clubs, and initiatives that cater to a wide range of interests and
passions. I would also work towards establishing effective communication channels
between students and school administration, enabling students to voice their
opinions, ideas, and concerns.
Recognizing the importance of academic support, I would advocate for
additional resources to assist students in their academic journey. Ensuring students
have access to educational resources and materials that align with learning needs
would be a priority, ultimately fostering a positive and enriching academic
environment.
I would promote sustainability practices within the school community by
organizing awareness campaigns, implementing recycling programs, and
encouraging energy-saving measures. By cultivating environment awareness among
students, we can empower them to become responsible global citizens who actively
contribute to protecting the environment.
Preparing students for future success extends beyond academic
achievements. I would emphasize the significance of career and life skills
development by organizing workshops, seminars, and internships that enhance skills
such as communication, leadership, critical thinking, and problem-solving.
As a student leader, my goal would be to advocate to positive changes that
enhance the overall student experience and create an environment conductive to
growth, learning, and well-being. By prioritizing students well-being, promoting
inclusivity, fostering student engagement, providing academic support, encouraging
sustainability, and nurturing career and life skills development, I am confident that we
can create a vibrant and nurturing school community. Together, as student leaders,
administrators, teachers, and students.