Applied Electronics II
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier
Part 2- CMOS Op Amp
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Addis Ababa Institute of Technology
Addis Ababa University
Daniel D./Getachew T./Abel G.
May 2017
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 1 / 12
Overview I
1 Introduction
2 Categorization of CMOS Op Amps
3 The Two Stage CMOS Op Amp
The Circuit
Characteristics
4 The Folded-Cascode CMOS Op Amp
5 OPA313
Description
Features
Application
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 2 / 12
Introduction
Introduction
The CMOS op-amp circuits considered find application primarily
in the design of analog and mixed-signal VLSI circuits.
Because these op amps are usually designed with a specific
application in mind, they can be optimized to meet a subset of the
list of desired specifications, such as high dc gain, wide bandwidth,
or large output-signal swing.
Since many CMOS op amps are utilized with an IC, the load on
their outputs are usually small capacitances.
As a result, internal CMOS op amps do not need to have low
output resistances, and their design rarely incorporates an output
stage.
Internal CMOS op amps do not need input clamping diodes for
gate protection and thus do not suffer from the leakage effects of
such diodes.
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 3 / 12
Categorization of CMOS Op Amps
Categorization of CMOS Op Amps
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 4 / 12
The Two Stage CMOS Op Amp
The Two Stage CMOS Op Amp
This simple but elegant circuit has become a classic and is used in a
variety of forms in the design of VLSI systems.
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 5 / 12
The Two Stage CMOS Op Amp The Circuit
The Circuit
The circuit consists of two gain stages
1 First Stage
Formed by the differential pair Q1 -Q2 together with its current
mirror load Q3 -Q4 .
Differential-amplifier circuit provides a voltage gain in the range of
20 V/V to 60 V/V.
Also provides a reasonable common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR).
The differential pair is biased by current source Q5 , which is a
current mirror output.
The current mirror is fed by a reference current IREF .
2 Second Stage
Consists of the common-source transistor Q6 and its current-source
load Q7 .
Provides a gain of 50 V/V to 80 V/V.
It takes part in the process of frequency compensating the op amp.
This is implemented using a compensation capacitance CC .
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 6 / 12
The Two Stage CMOS Op Amp Characteristics
Characteristics
The CMOS op-amp circuit can exhibit a systematic output dc
offset voltage. It can be eliminated by sizing the transistors.
(W/L)6 (W/L)7
=2
(W/L)4 (W/L)5
The common-mode range
−VSS + VOV 3 + Vtn − |Vtp | ≤ VICM ≤ VDD − |Vtp | − |VOV 1 | − |VOV 5 |
The extent of output swing.
−VSS + VOV 6 ≤ υO ≤ VDD − |VOV 7 |
The overall dc voltage gain.
Aυ = A1 A2 = gm1 (ro2 k ro4 )gm6 (ro6 k ro7 )
The output resistance.
Ro = ro6 k ro7
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 7 / 12
The Two Stage CMOS Op Amp Characteristics
Characteristics
Since Op amps are used with negative feedback , stability is
paramount. To achieve stability the phase of the gain should not be
near 180 degrees when the magnitude gain is unity.
This is the purpose of the dominant capacitance CC .
Figure: Small-signal equivalent circuit for the op amp.
The Capacitances are C1 = Cgd2 + Cdb2 + Cgd4 + Cdb4 + Cgs6 and
C2 = Cdb6 + Cdb7 + Cgd7 + CL
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 8 / 12
The Folded-Cascode CMOS Op Amp
The Folded-Cascode CMOS Op Amp
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 9 / 12
OPA313 Description
Description
Manufacturer Texas Instruments
The OPA313 family of single-, dual-, and quad-channel op amps
represents a new generation of low-cost, general purpose,
micro-power operational amplifiers.
Rail-to-rail input and output swings
Low quiescent current (50µA, typ)
A wide bandwidth of 1 MHz
√
very low noise (25nV / Hz at 1 kHz)
very attractive for a variety of battery-powered applications that
require a good balance between cost and performance.
The low input bias current supports those op amps to be used in
applications with megaohm source impedances.
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 10 / 12
OPA313 Features
Features
Wide Supply Range: 1.8V to 5.5V
√
Low Noise: 25nV / Hz at 1 kHz
Gain Bandwidth: 1M Hz
Low Input Bias Current: 0.2pA
Low Offset Voltage: 0.5mV
Unity-Gain Stable
Internal RF/EMI Filter
Extended Temperature Range:−400 to 1250
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 11 / 12
OPA313 Application
Application
Battery-Powered Instruments:
Consumer, Industrial, Medical
Notebooks, Portable Media Players
Sensor Signal Conditioning:
Loop-Powered
Notebooks, Portable Media Players
Wireless Sensors:
Home Security
Remote Sensing
Wireless Metering
Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 2- CMOS Chapter
Op AmpThree
(AAIT) May 2017 12 / 12
