The table below provides the information about the Underground railway systems in six different cities.

London Railway Systems are the oldest one`s and the Tokyo has the highest number of passengers
travelling via underground railway systems.

The London railway systems are the oldest and the longest among all the other cities which is opened in
1863 and extending up to 394km. Los Angeles is the most recent railway system which is opened in 2001
and 28km in length.

When it comes to the length of the route, London is the longest and Kyoto is the smallest among them
with 394 km and 11 km respectively. The route lengths for Paris, Tokyo, Washington DC, and Los Angeles
are 199 km, 155 km, 126 km, and 28 km respectively.

Regarding the number of passengers, that use these railways per year, Tokyo tops the list with 1927
million and Kyoto has the least number of passengers using the railways with 45 million passengers per
year.

The table below illustrates the sales information of a small restaurant in a downtown business district
from the 7th to the 13th of October. Overall, the sales amount of dinner always exceeds that of lunch
throughout the week.

Monday to Friday has almost the same number of sales during lunch around $2500. Saturday and
Sunday are comparatively less than the rest of the days with $1950 and $1550 respectively.

Coming to the sales for Dinner, Friday has the highest number of sales with $4,350. Monday to Thursday
the earnings are around $3,800. whereas Saturday and Sunday have slightly fewer sales with $2,900 and
$2,450 correspondingly.

Among the two timings of the day, the earnings for the latter one are always high with a margin of more
than $1,000 throughout the week. The huge deflection in the sales between the two timings might be
because the people who work might be having the lunch at their workplace.
The below table illustrates about the social and economical standards for Canada, Japan, Peru and Zaire
according to United Nations statistics in 1994. Overall Canada and Japan have the highest numbers for all
the four indicators. On the other hand, Zaire has the lowest numbers.

With respect to Annal income per person Japan is leading the way with 15,760 USD and Canada is right
behind it with 11,100 USD. whereas Peru and Zaire are having the lowest incomes of 160 USD and 130
USD respectively.

Japan is holding the first position for Life expectancy at birth as well, with the expectancy of 78 years.
Canada is with 76 years, Peru and Zaire with 51 years and 47 years respectively.

Canada citizens consume the highest calories per person, which is 3326 calories.

In Japan the calorie intake is 2864. 1927 in Peru and 1749 in Zaire.

speaking about the adult literacy rate (%), Canada and Japan has the highest literacy rate of 99% and Zair
has the lowest of 34%. whereas Peru has 68%.

The table below illustrates the number of male and female employees of Republic of Freedonia working
in different sectors in the years 1975 and 1995. Overall, the women have surpassed men in most of the
sectors by 1995 when compared with 1975.

In 1975, males dominated the female employees in all the sectors. Among all the sectors, public sector
(non-defense) is the most popular sector among both men and women with around 850 and 650
employees respectively. On the other public sector (defense) being the less employed sector for both the
genders.

In 1995, women employees are significantly high in communications, Finance and Wholesale sectors
with approximately 600, 420 and 800 employees respectively. whereas the male employee umbers
didn’t change much in all the sectors with respect to 1975. Still manufacturing and public sector
(defense) remained unchanged among men and women in both the years. but there is a noticeable
dominance of female employees in all the sectors as the time progressed.
The below Line Graph illustrates the behavior of sweet foods from the moment they are consumed till 40
minutes after the consumption against the level of pH the sugars will have as the time progresses.
Overall all the sugars will reach their pH level at the 5 minute mark, which makes the tooth decay more
likely and Cane sugar has the most long term chance of causing a tooth decay whereas the Honey stays
for a very short period as a damaging sugar.

The cane sugar can go as low as 3.5 pH, which can be very damaging to the teeth and also it stays in that
harmful pH state for the most prolonged period than the other two sugar, which is for almost 25
minutes.

Fruit sugar is the other sugar that can reach up to 4.3 pH and can be as damaging as the cane sugar. This
will remain under the decay zone for approximately 20 minutes.

Finally, Honey is the less harmful sugar than the other two which can reach to its lowest pH of 4.8 and
stays at that point for about 5 minutes and this will cause the tooth damage in between the 5 to 15
minutes after its consumption.

The below Bar Graph illustrates how much leisure time does men and women of various types of
employment spend in typical week in the years 1998-99. Overall the unemployed and retired spend the
most leisure time among all the other employment types and there are no men who spend leisure time
who are part time employed.

Male employees who spend their spare time are found only in three sectors namely Full time,
Unemployed and Retired. Where the Full-time employees spend approximately 45 hours of leisure time
and employees in the other two spend most of the leisure time of 85 hours, which is the highest among
them.

Female employees are seen in all the employment types. Unemployed and Retired women spend
approximately 78 hours of leisure time, which is the highest among them. whereas the women fall under
Full time, Part time and Housewives sectors spend 35, 40, 50 hours of free time respectively.
The below Line Graph provides the information about how many enquiries a Tourist Information Office
has received in one city over a six-month span in the year 2011. Overall, the number of enquiries
received via telephone and in person enquiries increased significantly from January till June. On the
other hand, the number of people who have raised enquiries by letter/email decreased gradually.

Firstly, in person enquiries started off with 400 in the month of January and took a very noticeable
increase in the number of enquiries made till June, where it crossed the 1800 mark.

Secondly, the people who made enquiries by telephone was around 900 on January. As the time passed,
these types of enquiries also took a steady raise and reached 1600 by June.

In addition, enquiries received by letter/email has decreased over the months from approximately 780 in
January to 350 by June. As technology advanced, letter/email communication has lost its popularity
among the people.

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The below line graph illustrates the percentage of population who turned 65 and over in three different
countries over the span of 100 years (1940-2040). The graph shows that Japan`s population reached and
crossed the 65 years limit faster by staying under the other two countries for almost 90 years. Whereas
in USA and Sweden the numbers increased gradually as the years passed by.

In 1940, Japan started off with 5% of population who reached the 65 years age limit and continued to
stay under 10% till 2030. And from this point onwards it took a significant raise and reached up to 27% in
2040.

In USA, the people who turned and crossed 65 years age are approximately 8% in 1940. There is a steady
increase with a little bit of fluctuations and reached 25% by 2040.

On the other hand, Sweden also maintained similar numbers as USA and reached to little under 25% by
2040 which started off at around 7% in 1940.

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In the years 2002, 2006 and 2010, the below bar graph depicts the percentage of people who intake
daily recommended amount of fruit and vegetable in UK. Overall, the highest percentage of Men,
women and children who followed the recommendation is in 2006 and the least is in 2002.

The year 2006 recorded the highest percentages for all men, women and children who consumed daily
recommended amount of fruit and vegetable with 25%, 32% and 18% respectively. This indicates that
the people during this year had a better health conscience.

2010 stands as the second productive year where, 24% Men, 26% Women and 16% Children consumed
the advised amount of fruit and vegetable correspondingly. Still, the number of adults and children who
eat proper amount of fruit and vegetables are comparatively less than 2006.

And 2002 being the year where the least percentage of people followed the recommendation with 22%
Men, 25% Women and only 11% Children.

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The below diagram illustrates how sugar is manufactured from sugar cane. Overall, the process consists
of four main stages: cultivating, crushing, separating and drying.

The first step is to grow the sugar cane, which takes 12-18 months to mature. After this the grown crop is
harvested either manually or mechanically. In manual harvest, the farmers cut the leaves first and then
chop the canes. Whereas machines cut the canes directly.

In the next step, the harvested sugar cane is sent into a crusher to extract the juice, which is then
purified to take out the impurities using a Limestone filter.

Then the purified juice is evaporated to concentrate the purified juice to syrup by removing water from
it. The sugar crystals are then separated from the syrup using a centrifuge.

Finally, the last step of the production process is drying and cooling the sugar crystals, after which the
end product sugar is obtained.
The given diagram illustrates the sequential steps involved in the process of recycling plastic bottles.
Overall, the process consists of five major steps: collection, compression, crushing, heating and
production.

The first step is to collect the plastic waste from different sources like garbage bins and households. Then
the collected garbage is sent to a recycling center where the plastic waste is sorted and graded by
identifying the plastic that can be recycled or not and then sent into a compressor to compress into
blocks.

In the next step, the compressed blocks are sent into a crusher to break it into smaller pieces followed by
cleaning them. These pieces are then sent into another machine to produce plastic pellets, which are
then heated to form the raw materials.

Finally, the raw materials are used to produce different plastic products and the cycle continues by
buying these plastic products and starting over again from the first step.

The given graph illustrates the quantities of waste produced by three countries (in tons) over a time
period of 15 years. Overall, the amount of waste generated by company A kept on increasing significantly
and that of company B has decreased steadily over the years.

The amount of junk produced by company A has decreased steadily from a whopping 12 tons in the year
2000 to approximately 8 tons in 2015.

On the other hand, company B started off with nearly 8 tons of waste generation in 2000 and had a
sudden spike, where its junk generation reached around 10 tons in 2015. But, from 2005 onwards the
amount of waste generation has taken a steep fall till 2015, where it has produced only 3 tons of
garbage.

And company C has the worst numbers of the three companies. It started with generating around 4 tons
of waste and kept on increasing this rate to a point where it generated about 10 tons of waste by 2015.

Climate change has become a notable problem to the present world. Some people think that we
need to adapt to live with it, instead of taking measures to prevent the climate change. While
both approaches have their merits, I think that a strong emphasis should be placed on mitigating
the climate change rather than solely focusing on adapting to the consequences.

Firstly, the prevention of climate change should be the primary concern because it addresses that
root cause of the problem. A lot of greenhouse gases are being release by the vehicles and
industries. We need to prevent these emissions by finding the alternative solutions for fuel like,
electricity rather than petrol and diesel. Industries should take measures to recycle their waste,
instead of release them into the rivers. Because these steps can make a significant impact to how
the climate changes.

Secondly, prevention does not only bring the balance in nature but, also in the human lifestyle.
People will be able to use clean energy and will be able to live a healthy life as the
contaminations are less. Furthermore, a lot of efforts should be put in producing energy from
renewable resources like water and sunlight, rather than non-renewable natural resources like
coal.

That being said, prevention will take a lot of time. So, adaptation should also be very important.
Because, focusing only on prevention will make people more vulnerable to the drastic changes
that are occurring like, high temperatures, raising sea level etc. Hence, adaptation is also an
important factor to focus on.

To conclude, prevention should be the primary focus. But this is not possible all the time. So,
people should also be adapt and being immune to these climatic changes.

The below table illustrates the intake of wheat, maize, and rice by individuals in four distinct countries.
Overall, Cambodia, Egypt and Mexico are consuming highest amounts of Rice, Wheat, and Maize per day
respectively.

People in Cambodia are consuming the Rice in highest quantities among all the other countries with
1445 calories per day. Poland being the least consumers of rice with 19 calories and, Egypt and Mexico
are having 50 and 57 calories per person per day.

Wheat is consumed mostly by Egyptians with 1095 calories per day Poland and Mexico are consuming
865 and 275 calories per day respectively. whereas Cambodians being the least consumers of wheat with
18 calories per day.

Mexicans are getting their highest calories from Maize by consuming 1083 calories per day. Cambodia
and Egypt and consuming 103 and 578 calories per day. On the other hand, people from Poland are not
consuming the Maize at all.

The below diagram illustrates the sequential steps involved in preparing storage area using concrete
canvas. Overall, the process contains 8 stages starting with Manufacturing the concrete canvas followed
by constructing a repository and finally ending with a place to put it into use for storage.
The first step, concrete canvas is manufactured using three different materials. the surface is made using
a fibrous substance while dry concrete is used as middle layer and the bottom layer is made waterproof.
The second step is delivering the canvas to a new location, followed by unwrapping the package.

The next stage is spreading the canvas 10 meters by tying one end to a rope and the other end to a
truck. Pegs are installed on all ends of the canvas to hold it in place. Following that, air pump is used to
inflate the canvas to a height of 8 meters. Then, the canvas is watered and left for 20-29 hours to set.
Finally, the canvas is ready for storage.