Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises
Topic 15 Unit 53
Practice
P53.1 (page 98)
a) From colourless to the appearance of a persistent pale pink colour
b) MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 5Fe3+(aq)
c) Not appropriate as MnO4–(aq) ion may oxidise the chloride ion in the solution.
d) MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 5Fe3+(aq)
? mol dm–3 11.17 g
26.40 cm3
250.0 cm3
(used) 25.00 cm3
11.17 g
Number of moles of Mohr’s salt used = −1 = 0.0285 mol
392.0 g mol
0.0285
Number of moles of Fe2+ ion in 25.00 cm3 solution = = 2.85 x 10–3 mol
10
According to the equation, 1 mole of MnO4– ion reacts with 5 moles of Fe2+ ion.
2.85 x 10−3
i.e. number of moles of MnO4– ion in 26.40 cm3 solution = mol
5
= 5.70 x 10–4 mol
5.70 x 10−4 mol
Concentration of KMnO4(aq) = 26.40 −3 = 0.0216 mol dm
–3
dm
1 000
P53.2 (page 101)
a) Cr2O72–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6Fe2+(aq) 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) + 6Fe3+(aq)
b) Cr2O72–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6Fe2+(aq) 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) + 6Fe3+(aq)
? mol dm–3 0.0500 mol dm–3
25.00 cm3 35.40 cm3
Number of moles of Fe2+ ion in 35.40 cm3 solution
= 0.0500 mol dm–3 x 35.40 dm3
1000
= 1.77 x 10–3 mol
According to the equation, 1 mole of Cr2O72– ion reacts with 6 moles of Fe2+ ion.
−3
i.e. number of moles of Cr2O72– ion in solution = 1.77 x 10 mol
6
= 2.95 x 10–4 mol
2.95 x 10−4 mol
Concentration of Na2Cr2O7(aq) = 25.00 3
dm
1 000
= 0.0118 mol dm–3
c) The indicator makes the end point more easier to observe.
P53.3 (page 106)
a) From colourless to dark blue
b) i) Average volume of I2(aq) = 13.80+13.85+13.80 cm3
3
= 13.82 cm3
ii) SO2(g) + I2(aq) + 2H2O(l) 2HI(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
? mg dm–3 0.00319 mol dm–3
25.00 cm3 13.82 cm3
Number of moles of I2 in 13.82 cm3 solution = 0.00319 mol dm–3 x 13.82 dm3
1000
= 4.41 x 10–5 mol
According to the equation, 1 mole of SO2 reacts with 1 mole of I2.
i.e. number of moles of SO2 = 4.41 x 10–5 mol
−5 −1
4.41 x 10 mol x 64.1 g mol
Concentration of SO2 = 25.00 3
dm
1 000
= 0.113 g dm–3
= 113 mg dm–3
P53.4 (page 111)
a) I2(aq) + 2S2O32–(aq) 2I–(aq) + S4O62–(aq)
b) Add Na2S2O3(aq) to the reaction mixture until the mixture changes to a pale straw
colour.
Add starch solution.
Add Na2S2O3(aq) dropwise until the mixture changes from dark blue to colourless.
c) Number of moles of S2O32– ion reacted with I2 = 1.00 mol dm–3 x 40.00 dm3
1 000
= 0.0400 mol
Number of moles of I2 formed = 0.0400 mol
2
= 0.0200 mol
O (g) + 2I (aq) + H2O(l)
3 –
O2(g) + I2(aq) + 2OH–(aq)
10.0 dm3 0.0200 mol
According to the equation, O3 reacts with KI to produce 0.0200 mole of I2.
i.e. number of moles of O3 = 0.0200 mol
Volume of O3 = 0.0200 mol x 24.0 dm3 mol–1
= 0.480 dm3
3
Percentage by volume of O3 in the ozonised oxygen = 0.480 dm3 x 100%
10.0 dm
= 4.80%
Discussion (page 90)
Method 1
• Weighing is accurate.
• Not all BaSO4 may be precipitated.
• The precipitate may be lost.
• The precipitate may not be dried.
• The method takes longer.
• The method requires energy.
Method 2
• The method is accurate.
• The method works for low concentrations.
Unit Exercise (page 114-121)
1 a) chloride
b) reddish brown
c) redox
d) pale pink
e) dark blue
f) aqueous solution of sodium thiosulphate
2 C
3 D
4 B
Number of moles of Ag+ ion in 16.85 cm3 solution = 0.0860 mol dm–3 x 16.85 dm3
1000
= 1.45 x 10–3 mol
According to the equation, 1 mole of Ag+ ion reacts with 1 mole of Cl– ion.
i .e. number of moles of Cl– ion in 25.00 cm3 diluted sea water = 1.45 x 10–3 mol
Number of moles of Cl– ion in 250.0 cm3 diluted sea water
= 10 x 1.45 x 10–3 mol
= 1.45 x 10–2 mol
= number of moles of Cl– ion in 25.00 cm3 sea water
1.45 x 10−2 mol x 35.5 g mol−1
Concentration of Cl– ion in sea water = 25.00 3
dm
1 000
= 20.6 g dm–3
5 D
6 A
7 A
Number of moles of MnO4– ion in 18.40 cm3 solution
= 0.0500 mol dm–3 x 18.40 dm3
1000
= 9.20 x 10–4 mol
According to the equation, 2 moles of MnO4– ion react with 5 moles of C2O42– ion.
i.e. number of moles of C2O42– ion in 25.00 cm3 solution = 5 x 9.20 x 10–4 mol
2
= 2.30 x 10–3 mol
Number of moles of C2O42– ion in 100.0 cm3 solution = 4 x 2.30 x 10–3 mol
= 9.20 x 10–3 mol
Mass of K2C2O4•H2O = 9.20 x 10–3 mol x 184.2 g mol–1
= 1.69 g
8 D
9 C
10 C
I2(aq) + 2S2O32–(aq) 2I–(aq) + S4O62–(aq)
? mol dm–3 0.0780 mol dm–3
25.00 cm3 29.50 cm3
Number of moles of S2O32– ion in 29.50 cm3 solution = 0.0780 mol dm–3 x 29.5 dm3
1000
= 2.30 x 10–3 mol
According to the equation, 1 mole of I2 reacts with 2 moles of S2O32– ion.
−3
i.e. number of moles of I2 = 2.30 x 10 mol
2
= 1.15 x 10–3 mol
1.15 x 10−3 mol
Concentration of iodine solution = 25.00 dm3
3
dm
1000
= 0.0460 mol dm–3
11 a) The first appearance of a reddish brown colour indicates the end point. (1)
After all the chloride ion has been precipitated as silver chloride, one drop of
excess silver nitrate solution results in the formation of a reddish brown precipitate
of silver chromate. This signals the end point of the titration. (1)
b) Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) AgCl(s)
0.0200 mol dm–3 1.00 dm 3
15.50 cm3 (used) 10.00 cm3
Number of moles of Ag+ ion in 15.50 cm3 solution = 0.0200 mol dm–3 x 15.50 dm3
1000
= 3.10 x 10–4 mol (1)
According to the equation, 1 mole of Cl– ion reacts with 1 mole of Ag+ ion.
i.e. number of moles of Cl– ion in 10.00 cm3 solution = 3.10 x 10–4 mol (1)
Number of moles of Cl– ion in 1.00 dm3 solution = 100 x 3.10 x 10–4 mol
= 0.0310 mol
Mass of NaCl in 100.0 g of meat product = 0.0310 mol x 58.5 g mol–1
= 1.81 g (1)
Percentage by mass of NaCl in meat product = 1.81 g x 100%
100.0 g
= 1.81% (1)
∴ the percentage by mass of sodium chloride in the meat product is 1.81%.
12 a) From colourless to persistent pale pink (1)
b) 2, 5, 6, 2, 5, 8 (1)
c)
Number of moles of MnO4– ion in 14.50 cm3 solution
= 0.0200 mol dm–3 x 14.50 dm3
1000
= 2.90 x 10–4 mol (1)
According to the equation, 5 moles of CH3OH react with 2 moles of MnO4 ion
–
i.e. number of moles of CH3OH in 25.00 cm3 solution = 5 x 2.90 x 10–4 mol
2
= 7.25 x 10–4 mol (1)
7.25 x 10−4 mol
Concentration of CH3OH in diluted windshield washer fluid = 25.00 3
dm
1 000
= 0.0290 mol dm–3 (1)
∴ the concentration of methanol in the diluted windshield washer fluid is
0.0290 mol dm–3.
13 a) Average volume of KMnO4(aq) = 21.40+21.40+21.45 cm3
3
= 21.42 cm3 (1)
b) Number of moles of MnO4– ion in 21.42 cm3 solution
= 0.0192 mol dm–3 x 21.42 dm3
1000
= 4.11 x 10–4 mol (1)
Number of moles of MnO4 ion required to react with 250.0 cm solution of iron(II)
– 3
ethanedioate
= 10 x 4.11 x 10–4 mol
= 4.11 x 10–3 mol
Number of moles of iron(II) ethanedioate = 1.232 g
−1
179.8 g mol
= 6.85 x 10–3 mol (1)
−3
Mole ratio of iron(II) ethanedioate to permanganate ion = 6.85 x 10−3 mol
4.11 x 10 mol
= 1.67
=5 (1)
3
∴ the mole ratio of iron(II) ethanedioate to permanganate ion for the reaction is
5 : 3.
14 a) Zn(s) + Sn4+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Sn2+(aq)
b) i)
Number of moles of MnO4– ion in 18.00 cm3 solution
= 0.0150 mol dm–3 x 18.00 dm3
1000
= 2.70 x 10–4 mol (1)
According to the equation, 5 moles of Sn ion react with 2 moles of MnO4 ion.
2+ –
i.e. number of moles of Sn2+ in titration sample = 5 x 2.70 x 10–4 mol
2
= 6.75 x 10–4 mol (1)
ii) Number of moles of MnO4– ion in 27.15 cm3 solution
= 0.0150 mol dm–3 x 27.15 dm3
1000
= 4.07 x 10–4 mol (1)
Number of moles of Sn2+ in titration sample = 5 x 4.07 x 10–4 mol
2
= 1.02 x 10–3 mol (1)
c) Number of moles of Sn4+ ion in 25.00 cm3 sample = (1.02 x 10–3 – 6.75 x 10–4) mol
= 3.45 x 10–4 mol
−4
Mole ratio of Sn2+ / Sn4+ in oxide A = 6.75 x 10−4 mol
3.45 x 10 mol
=2 (1)
Chemical formula of A is 2SnO + SnO2, i.e. Sn3O4. (1)
15 a) KMnO4 is pink in colour and Vn+ / V2+ is violet in colour. (1)
b) Number of moles of MnO4– ion in 13.45 cm3 solution
= 0.0554 mol dm–3 x 13.45 dm3
1000
= 7.45 x 10–4 mol (1)
Number of moles of VO3– ion in 250.0 cm3 solution = 0.631 g
−1
50.9 g mol
= 0.0124 mol (1)
Number of moles of VO3– ion in 25.00 cm3 solution = 0.0124 mol
10
= 0.00124 mol
Mole ratio of Vn+ : MnO4– in titration = 0.00124−4mol
7.45 x 10 mol
= 1.66
=5 (1)
3
c) The oxidation number of Mn changes from +7 to +2, and the oxidation number of
V in VO3– ion is +5.
The mole ratio of Vn+ : MnO4 is 5 : 3.
i.e. n + 3 = +5
n = +2 (1)
d) 5V2+(aq) + 3MnO4–(aq) + 3H2O(l) 5VO3–(aq) + 3Mn2+(aq) + 6H+(aq) (1)
16 a) i) Cr2O72–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6Fe2+(aq) 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) + 6Fe3+(aq)
(1)
ii) Cr2O72–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6Fe2+(aq) 2Cr (aq) + 7H2O(l) + 6Fe (aq)
3+ 3+
? mol 0.255 mol dm–3
23.85 cm3
Number of moles of Fe2+ ion in 23.85 cm3 solution
= 0.255 mol dm–3 x 23.85 dm3
1000
= 6.08 x 10–3 mol (1)
According to the equation, 1 mole of Cr2O7 ion reacts with 6 moles of Fe
2– 2+
ion.
−3
i.e. number of moles of Cr2O72– ion remained = 6.08 x 10 mol
6
= 1.01 x 10–3 mol (1)
25.00
iii) Number of moles of Cr2O72– ion at start = 0.200 mol dm–3 x dm3
1000
= 5.00 x 10–3 mol
Number of moles of Cr2O72– ion reacted with ethanol
= (5.00 – 1.01) x 10–3 mol
= 3.99 x 10–3 mol (1)
iv) CH3CH2OH + H2O CH3COOH + 4H + 4e+ –
(1)
3 moles of CH3CH2OH require 12 moles of electrons supplied by 2 moles of
K2Cr2O7. (1)
3
v) Number of moles of ethanol reacted with K2Cr2O7 = x 3.99 x 10–3 mol
2
= 5.99 x 10–3 mol (1)
5.99 x 10−3 mol
Concentration of ethanol in solution Q = 10 x 25.00 3 dm
3
dm
1000
= 2.40 mol dm–3 (1)
∴ the concentration of ethanol in solution Q is 2.40 mol dm–3.
b) Any one of the following:
• Difficult to know when all the ethanol has been oxidised to ethanoic acid.
Some ethanol may only be oxidised to ethanal. (1)
So less potassium dichromate will be used up and ethanol concentration will
appear low. (1)
• Other compounds in the fermented solution (e.g. aldehydes) are oxidised also.
(1)
So more potassium dichromate will be used up and ethanol concentration will
appear high. (1)
17 a) (1)
b) i) Number of moles of KIO3 = 0.132 g
−1
214.0 g mol
= 6.17 x 10–4 mol (1)
According to the equation, 1 mole of KIO3 reacts with KI to give 3 moles of I2.
i.e. number of moles of I2 = 3 x 6.17 x 10–4 mol
= 1.85 x 10–3 mol (1)
1.85 x 10−3 mol
Concentration of I2 solution = 250.0 3
dm
1000
= 7.40 x 10–3 mol dm–3 (1)
ii) From colourless to dark blue (1)
iii) C6H8O6 + I2 C6H6O6 + 2H+ + 2I–
? mg dm–3 7.40 x 10–3 mol dm–3
25.00 cm3 6.35 cm3
Number of moles of I2 in 6.35 cm3 solution
= 7.40 x 10–3 mol dm–3 x 6.35 dm3
1000
= 4.70 x 10–5 mol (1)
According to the equation, 1 mole of E300 reacts with 1 mole of I2.
i.e. number of moles of E300 in 25.00 cm3 drink = 4.70 x 10–5 mol (1)
4.70 x 10−5 mol
Concentration of E300 in drink = 25.00 3
dm
1 000
= 1.88 x 10–3 mol dm–3 x 176.0 g mol–1
= 0.331 g dm–3
= 331 mg dm–3 (1)
The concentration of E300 in the drink exceeds the limit.
18 a) i) Aqueous solution of silver nitrate (1)
ii) A white precipitate forms. (1)
Silver chloride (1)
iii) Any one of the following:
• Water may contain low concentration of chloride ion or no chloride ion,
so would not give a precipitate. (1)
• Water may contain iodide ion which would give a yellow precipitate. (1)
• Water may contain bromide ion which would give a creamy precipitate.
(1)
• Water may contain chromate ion which would give a reddish brown
precipitate. (1)
• Water may contain hydroxide ion / sulphide ion which would give a
black precipitate. (1)
b) i) I2(aq) + 2S2O32–(aq) S4O62–(aq) + 2I–(aq)
0.200 mol dm–3
28.40 cm3
Number of moles of S2O32– ion in 28.40 cm3 solution
= 0.200 mol dm–3 x 28.40 dm3
1000
= 5.68 x 10–3 mol (1)
ii) According to the equation, 1 mole of I2 reacts with 2 moles of S2O32– ion.
−3
i.e. number of moles of I2 = 5.68 x 10 mol
2
= 2.84 x 10–3 mol (1)
iii) Mass of I2 = 2.84 x 10–3 mol x 253.8 g mol–1
= 0.721 g (1)
Percentage purity of iodine = 0.721 g x 100%
0.920 g
= 78.4 g (1)
∴ the percentage purity of the iodine is 78.4%.
19 Answers for the HKDSE question are not provided.
20 a) i) Starch solution (1)
ii) From colourless to dark blue (1)
b) 2S2O32–(aq) + I2(aq) S4O62–(aq) + 2I–(aq)
0.00800 mol dm–3
22.50 cm3
Number of moles of I2 = 0.00800 mol dm–3 x 22.50 dm3
1000
= 1.80 x 10–4 mol (1)
According to the equation, 2 moles of S2O32– ion react with 1 mole of I2.
i.e. number of moles of S2O32– ion left = 2 x 1.80 x 10–4 mol
= 3.60 x 10–4 mol (1)
25.00
c) Number of moles of S2O32– ion at start = 0.0400 mol dm–3 x dm3
1000
= 1.00 x 10–3 mol (1)
Number of moles of S2O32– ion reacted with I2 produced
= (1.00 x 10–3 – 3.60 x 10–4) mol
= 6.40 x 10–4 mol
−4
Number of moles of I2 produced = 6.40 x 10 mol
2
= 3.20 x 10–4 mol (1)
d) I2O5(s) + 5CO(g) I2(s) + 5CO2(g)
3.20 x 10–4 mol
According to the equation, 5 moles of CO react with I2O5 to produce 1 moleof I2.
i.e. number of moles of CO = 5 x 3.20 x 10–4 mol
= 1.601 x 10–3 mol (1)
Volume of CO in the original gaseous sample = 1.60 x 10 mol x 24.0 dm mol
–3 3 –1
= 0.0384 dm3 (1)
∴ the volume of carbon monoxide in the original gaseous sample is 0.0384 dm . 3
e) Any one of the following:
• Repeat the experiment to obtain concordant titres. (1)
• Divide the solution into equal portions before carrying out the titration. (1)
• Divide the gas into equal samples before carrying out the titration. (1)
