NAME: UNIT 5: ANALYTIC GEOMETRY date: ________
EQUATION OF A LINE
The equation of a line can be written in the slope y –intercept form: y =mx + b
“m” represents the _____________ “b” represents the _______________
Example 1: State the slope and y –intercept for each.
a) y 4 x 10 b) y 7 x 3
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Slope: _______ y-intercept: _______ Slope: _______ y-intercept: ______
The equation of a line can also be written in Standard Form:
Ax By C 0
-where:
- A, B, C are integers
- A is positive
- There are no common factors between A, B ,C
c) 2x 3 y 6 0 d) 3x 5 y 7 0
Slope: _______ y-intercept: _______ Slope: _______ y-intercept: ______
The value of the slope determines the steepness and direction of the line. The greater the magnitude the
steeper the line.
Compare the lines in order of steepness: __________________________________
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Different forms of the equation of a Line
Recall: The equation of a line can also be written
in Standard Form: ______________
in slope y –intercept form: _____________
in point-slope form: ______________
To write an equation of a line in standard form you can use the slope formula _________________
Equation of a horizontal line _________
Passing through (a, b)
Equation of a vertical line _____________
Example 2: Write the equation of the line (in standard form) given:
a) m 5 and b 2 b) P(–4, 2) m=7
2
c) P(5, –2) m d) P(4, 1) m=0
3
e) P(–2, 3) m undefined
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Using Points to determine the equation of a Line
Example 3: Write the equation of a line passing through the points(−3, 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (1, −10). Write the equation in
slope y-intercept form.
Example 4: If you hire Daminga’s Delicious Dinners to cater a party, it will cost $450 for 20 guests and $675
for 35 guests. Calculate the cost per person if the company charges a fixed cost; then find the
equation to represent this relation.
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Example 5: The slope of a line passing through (3,2) and (k ,6) is . Determine the value of k
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Writing an Equation of a Line
Recall: To find the equation of a line:
1. Determine the value of the slope (m),
2. Determine the value of the y- intercept (b)
3. State the equation of the line by substituting the value into the equation y= mx + b
4. Then rearrange the equation in the standard form
Example 6: Find the equation of the line in the standard form.
a) b)
c)
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Example 7: The equation of a line is 2 x y k 0 . Find the value of k if the line passes through the point
(4, −2)
Example 8: Find the equation of the line in standard form that has an x-intercept of 6 and passes through the
point (2, 7)
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Graphing Lines
Example 9:
A) Using Slope and y-intercepts
To graph an equation in the form y = mx + b:
Plot the y-intercept
Use “rise/run” to graph two more points
Join the three points together (don’t forget your arrows at the endpoints!)
Write the equation of the line
1
a) y x2
3
y
b) y 3x 5
x
2
c) y x
5
d) 4 x 3 y 9 0
3
e) y 1 2( x 4) f) y2 ( x 0)
2
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B) Horizontal and Vertical Lines
The equation y = b (where k is any number) represents a horizontal line through the point (a, b).
The equation x = a (where k is any number) represents a vertical line through the point (a, b).
Graph each of the following on the same set of axis.
a) 2 x 8 0 b) y 5 0 y
x
Properties of horizontal Lines
Their slope is always ____, since the ____ is 0.
The equation of a horizontal line is always ______, where
________________
A horizontal line will not have an ___ intercept unless it is the
__-axis.
All horizontal lines are parallel to the __________
All horizontal lines are perpendicular to the ____________
Properties of Vertical Lines
Their slope is always ________, since the ____ is 0.
The equation of a vertical line is always ______, where
________________
A vertical line will not have an ___ intercept unless it is the
__-axis.
All vertical lines are parallel to the __________
All vertical lines are perpendicular to the ____________
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Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Two lines are parallel if they have the same slope. Y
Ex: m1= 2
m2= 2
Two lines are perpendicular if the slopes are negative reciprocals. Y
2
Ex: m1=
3
3
m2= X
2
The product of negative reciprocals is always equal to – 1.
Example 10: What is the slope of a line that is parallel to each line?
a) y = 2x + 1 b) 5x + y – 3 = 0
Example 11: What is the slope of a line that is perpendicular to each line?
a) y= 3x–3 b) 2x – 4y + 1 = 0
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Example 12: Find the equation of the line (in standard form) that has a y-intercept of 10 and is parallel to
y 3x 7
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Example 13: A line is perpendicular to the line y = 2x + 3 and has the same x-intercept as x + 3y + 10 = 0. Find
the equation of the line.
Example 14: Write an equation passing through (6,4) and
a) parallel to the x- axis b) perpendicular to the x- axis
Example 15: Write an equation passing through (3,2) and
a) parallel to the y-axis b) perpendicular to the y-axis
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