Computer Aided Analysis & Design of Structures

Elevated Water Tank

50,000 Gallons

Saif ur Rehman Khalid

MCE-223013
Submitted to
Dr. Majid

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 Computer Aided Analysis & Design of Structures

Table of Contents
1- Structural Design Criteria ................................................................................................................ 5
1.1- Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.2- Final Geotechnical Recommendations ................................................................................... 5
1.3- Limitations ofStructural Analysis and Design.......................................................................... 5
1.4- Adopted procedure for Structural Design and Analysis.......................................................... 6
1.4.1- Finite Element Model ........................................................................................................... 6
1.4.2- Loadings ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.4.3- External stability checks........................................................................................................ 6
2- Architectural Drawings ................................................................................................................. 10
3- Time Period and Base Shear ......................................................................................................... 13
4- SAP Model ..................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1- Grid Data .................................................................................................................................... 15
4.2- Material Property ...................................................................................................................... 17
4.3- Area Sections ............................................................................................................................. 19
4.4- Load Patterns ............................................................................................................................. 22
4.5- Load Combinations .................................................................................................................... 23
4.6- Load Cases ................................................................................................................................. 30
4.7- Area Mesh .................................................................................................................................. 31
4.8- Edge Constraint.......................................................................................................................... 31
4.9- Tolerance ................................................................................................................................... 32
4.10- Define mass source .................................................................................................................. 32
4.11- Weight Check ........................................................................................................................... 33
4.12- Reducing Water Scale Factor ................................................................................................... 34
4.12.1- Run analysis .......................................................................................................................... 35
Design of Shaft .................................................................................................................................. 36
4.13- Governing Moments ................................................................................................................ 37
4.13.1- Shaft .................................................................................................................................. 37
4.13.2- Base slab of Bowl .............................................................................................................. 41
4.13.3- Inclined slab of Bowl ......................................................................................................... 42
4.13.4- Wall of Bowl ...................................................................................................................... 43
4.13.5- Top slab of Bowl................................................................................................................ 44
4.13.6- Cylinder wall ..................................................................................................................... 45
4.13.7- Cylinder Dome .................................................................................................................. 46

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5- Area of Steel.................................................................................................................................. 69
6- Structure drawings........................................................................................................................ 70
7-Design of Raft………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….49

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Structural Design
Criteria

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Elevated Water Tank – 50,000 Gallons

1- Structural Design Criteria
1.1- Introduction
A mushroom-type elevated water tank (EWT) of 50,000 gallons capacity is to be designed.
A minimum hydraulic head of 60'-0" was required by the Services Engineer to cover the
arca/buildings. The structural analysis and design was started based on concrete outline
with 60'-0" minimum hydraulic head. SAP / SAFE software’s were used to analyze and
the design the Elevated Water Tank.

1.2- Final Geotechnical Recommendations

The recommendations for the site soil by the Geotechnical Engineer are as under: -

 Net allowable bearing capacity = 1.0 TSF at 10,0" below N.S.L.

 Effective allowable bearing capacity = 0.90 TSF at 10'-0" below N.S.L.
 No increase in allowable bearing capacity due to seismic loading is permitted.
 Soil profile type "Sa" and zone 3
 Sliding Coefficient, μ (Geo-Tech report) = 0.30

1.3- Limitations of Structural Analysis and Design

There is no single reference document available to recommend analysis and design
parameters for such tanks for following reasons: -

 Prevailing code of practice in Pakistan is Building Code of Pakistan (BCP) - 2007

which referrers mainly to UBC-1997 and ACI-318-05.
 One of available ACI documents for Pedestal-mounted steel tanks is ACI 371R-98.
The revised version of this document was released in 2008 (ACI 371R-08) with
certain modifications and encompassing the topic in more detailed manner.
 Equivalent static procedure is outlined in ACI 371R-08 and ASCE 7-05 but these
codes suggest site-specific acceleration amplification, which make it difficult to
use ACI 371R-08 strictly for regions outside United States. Therefore, the concept
of equivalent static procedure is taken from ACI 371R-98 and the stepwise
procedure to be adopted for Pakistan region is taken from UBC-1997 (ASCE-7-95)
/ BCP-2007.

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1.4- Adopted procedure for Structural Design and Analysis

Keeping in mind the above-mentioned limitations in Section 1.3, following procedure was
adopted;

1.4.1- Finite Element Model

Finite element model (FEM) of super structure was made in SAP-2000. And for sub
structure i.e., modeling will be done in SAFE after Mid-Term.

1.4.2- Loadings
Following loads were considered;

 Dead load (Self + Super Imposed)

 Live load (Live + Roof live)
 Water load
 Seismic load

𝑪𝒗𝑰
𝑽= 𝑾Reference: UBC-1997 Equation 30-4
𝑹𝑻

Where;

Cv = 0.24 (For soil profile Sa and Zone 3) Reference: UBC-1997 Table 16-R

I = 1.25 Reference: UBC-1997 Table 16-R

R = 2.2 Reference: UBC-1997 Table 16-P

T = 1.07 sec Taken from SAP Model

W = Dead + Water Load (Convective + Impulsive component)

W =1494.077 = 1495 Kips Taken from SAP Model

0.45x1.25
𝑽= x1495 = 𝟑𝟓𝟕𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔
2.2x1.07
Since T > 0.7 sec

Ft = 41 = 27 kips Taken from SAP Model

1.4.3- External stability checks

Following checks was made to ensured the external stability of Elevated Water Tank;

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(a) Overturning check

(b) Sliding Check

(c) Bearing capacity check

[Link]- Overturning check

For Overturning, factor of safety should be greater than 2.

Over Turning Moment = Mo = V x h + ft x Hn

V = 357 kips, h = 60’, ft = 27 kips ,Hn = 87.83’

Over Turning Moment = Mo = 357 x 60 + 27 x 87.83

Over Turning Moment = Mo = 23791.41 [Link]

𝑃𝑠x 𝑊
Stabilizing Moment = Ms =
2

Ps, stabilizing load = Total dead load above base + Raft weight

Ps = 1495 kips (Wu from SAP Model)+ 1642 kips (Class notes) = 3137 kips

W = Raft width = 52’ (Class notes)

3137 x 52
Stabilizing Moment, Ms =
2

Stabilizing Moment, Ms= 81562 [Link]

𝑴𝒔 𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟐
FACTOR of SAFETY = = = 3.4> 2 OK
𝑴𝒐 𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟗𝟏.𝟒𝟏

[Link]- Sliding check

For Sliding, factor of safety should be greater than 1.5.

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Sliding Force, Fs = App. V = 357 kips

Resisting Force, Fr, = Ps x μ

Ps = Stabilizing load = 1495 kips (Wu from SAP Model)+ 1642 kips (Class notes)

= 3137 kips

μ = Sliding coefficient = 0.4

Resisting Force, Fr, = 3137 kips x 0.4 =1258.4 kips

𝑭𝒓 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟖.𝟒
FACTOR of SAFETY = = = 3.52 > 1.5 OK
𝑭𝒔 𝟑𝟓𝟕

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Architectural
Drawings

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2- Architectural Drawings

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Time period and base

shear

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3- Time Period and Base Shear

T = 1.13 sec

Base shear = 357 kips

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Sap modeling

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4- SAP Model
4.1- Selecting model and Grid data

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4.2- Material Property

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4.3- Area Sections

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4.4- Load Patterns

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4.5- Load Combinations

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4.6- Load Cases

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4.7- Area Mesh

4.8- Edge Constraint

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4.9- Tolerance

4.10- Define mass source

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4.11- Run analysis

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4.12- Reducing Water Scale Factor

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4.12.1- Weight Check

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Design of Shaft

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4.13- Governing Moments

4.13.1- Shaft

M11 = 17.63 [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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M11 = [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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M11 = [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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Design of Tank Bowl

and Above Structure

• Base Slab

• Inclined Slab

• Vertical Outer Wall

• Vertical Inner Wall /

Cylinder Wall

• Top Slab

• Dome

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4.13.2- Base slab of Bowl

M11 = [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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4.13.3- Inclined slab of Bowl

M11 = [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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4.13.4- Wall of Bowl

M11 = [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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4.13.5- Top slab of Bowl

M11 = [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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4.13.6- Cylinder wall

M11 = [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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4.13.7- Cylinder Dome

M11 = [Link]

M22 = [Link]

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Design of raft
foundation

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Contents
1- Exporting F2K file from SAP .......................................................................................................... 49
2- Importing F2K file into SAFE.......................................................................................................... 50
3- Shown loads .................................................................................................................................. 51
4- Raft modeling ................................................................................................................................ 52
5- Defining Material Property ........................................................................................................... 53
6- Defining Slab Section Property ..................................................................................................... 55
7- Assigning Slab Properties .............................................................................................................. 55
8- Defining Soil Sub-Grade Property ................................................................................................. 56
9- Defining Soil Sub-Grade Property ................................................................................................. 57
10- Load Patterns ............................................................................................................................ 58
11- Load Cases................................................................................................................................. 58
12- Assigning Point Restraint .......................................................................................................... 60
13- Load Combinations ................................................................................................................... 61
14- Run Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 62
15- Reaction Forces (Soil Pressure) ................................................................................................. 63
16- Governing Moments ................................................................................................................. 64
17- Area of Steel ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

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1- Exporting F2K file from SAP

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2- Importing F2K file into SAFE

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3- Shown loads

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4- Raft modeling

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5- Defining Material Property

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6- Defining Slab Section Property

7- Assigning Slab Properties

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8- Defining Soil Sub-Grade Property

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9- Assigning Soil Sub-Grade Property

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10- Load Patterns

11- Load Cases

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12- Assigning Point Restraint

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13- Load Combinations

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14- Run Analysis

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15- Reaction Forces (Soil Pressure)

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16- Governing Moments

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5- Area of Steel

𝑓𝑐 ′ 2Mx12
As required = 0.85x x(1 − √(1 − ))x𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦 Øb𝑑2x0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

As min = 0.0018 xbh

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5- Structure drawings

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