Reservoir Engineering 2

PetE - 410

Mid-term Examination
Answer/Solution

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 1
Instructions:
a) For computer aided solutions (i.e., for plots and table), you are allowed to copy the plots and table in your answer sheet by engineering writing/drawing.
Write the complete equations encoded in the computer i.e., excel application. Show the equation of the plotted line in accordance to the Havlena and Odeh
expression.
b) Distribution of Points:
• Table
i. A table with complete and correct calculation of the parameters - 20 pts.
ii. A table with partly correct calculations – 10 pts.
iii. A table with incorrect calculations – 5 pts
iv. No table shown no points.
• Cartesian (show the linear equation of the plotted lines in accordance to Havlena and Odeh
expression)
i. Plots with correct Oil in place and slope – 20 pts.
ii. Plots with partly correct Oil in place and slope – 10 pts.
iii. No clear plots and incorrect Oil in place -5 pts.
iv. No plots, No points.
• Gas cap size and gas in place
i. Correct Calculation of cap size (m) and G – 10 pts.
ii. Partly correct calculation – 5 pts.
iii. Incorrect and no solution – no pts.

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 1
From the production history and PVT data of a gas cap reservoir are provided below, Calculate
the stock tank oil initially in place, the gas cap size, m and the gas in place, G.

Np Gp Bg Bo Rs
Date
(MMstb) (MMscf) (bbl/scf) (rb/stb) (scf/stb)
initial 0 0.000895 1.316 600
1993 20.456 28740.68 0.000947 1.301 542
1994 31.87 45637.84 0.000988 1.278 498
1995 42.871 61648.5 0.001039 1.272 483
1996 53.943 77677.92 0.001101 1.267 473
1997 66.7 101917.6 0.001163 1.259 461
1998 80.858 125329.9 0.001235 1.254 452

Calculate the stock tank oil initially in place, the gas cap size, m and the gas in place.
(50pts) RSA, 2021-2022
 Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 1

SOLUTION:
Calculate the initial oil and free gas volumes.
Rp F Eo Eg
1. Calculate the cumulative produced gas-oil ratio Rp (cuft/stb) (MMstb)
𝐺𝑝 0
𝑅𝑝 =
𝑁𝑝 1405 43.33115 0.039926 0.07646
1432 70.13924 0.062776 0.136746
2. Calculate F, Eo, and Eg from 1438 97.07045 0.077563 0.211736
1440 125.7771 0.090827 0.302901
𝑭 = 𝑵𝑷 𝑩𝒐 + 𝑹𝒑 − 𝑹𝒔 𝑩𝒈 + 𝑾𝒑 𝑩𝒘 𝒓𝒃 1528 166.7447 0.104657 0.394065
1550 211.0418 0.12078 0.499933
𝑬𝒐 = 𝑩𝒕 − 𝑩𝒕𝒊 = ሺ𝑩𝒐 − 𝑩𝒐𝒊 ൯ + 𝑹𝒔𝒊 − 𝑹𝒔 𝑩𝒈 𝒓 𝒃Τ𝒔 𝒕𝒃
𝑩𝒈
𝑬𝒈 = 𝑩𝒐𝒊 −1 𝒓 𝒃Τ𝒔 𝒕𝒃
𝑩𝒈𝒊
RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 1

SOLUTION:
3. Calculate F/Eo and Eg/Eo

Rp F Eo Eg F/Eo Eg/Eo
(cuft/stb) (MMstb)
0 0
1405 43.33115 0.039926 0.07646 1085.286 1.915051
1432 70.13924 0.062776 0.136746 1117.294 2.178322
1438 97.07045 0.077563 0.211736 1251.505 2.729862
1440 125.7771 0.090827 0.302901 1384.799 3.334918
1528 166.7447 0.104657 0.394065 1593.25 3.765298
1550 211.0418 0.12078 0.499933 1747.324 4.139203

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 1
5. Calculate m and G
SOLUTION:
𝐹 𝐸𝑔
4. Plot F/Eo vs Eg/Eo = 476.57 + 294.53 𝑥106
𝐸𝑜 𝐸𝑜

2000

1800
y = 294.53x + 476.57
N= 476.57 x 106 stb, and m = 0.62
1600

1400
𝑚𝑁 𝐵𝑜𝑖 0.62 476.57𝑥106 1.316
1200 𝐺= =
𝐵𝑔𝑖 0.000895
F/Eo

1000

800

600 𝐹/𝐸_𝑜 =(476.57+294.53 𝐸_𝑔/𝐸_𝑜 )〖𝑥10〗^6

𝐺 = 434461 𝑀𝑀𝑠𝑐𝑓
400

200

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Eg/Eo

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 2
Instructions:
a) Clearly illustrate the problem through a schematic diagram:
i. Clear and complete schematic diagram with label – 10 pts.
ii. Not clear and incomplete schematic diagram – 5 pts
iii. No Schematic diagram – no point

b) Solution of the problem

i. Complete solution with correct answer (i.e., the equation used must be shown in the solution, etc) - 20 pts.
ii. Correct solution with incorrect answer - 15pts.
iii. Partly correct solution - 8pts
iv. With solution but not clear – 4 pts.
v. No solution shown – 0 pts.

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 2
A well 8” diameter is drilled normally through a formation of 250md permeability and 25ft thickness. The
external radius is 660ft. The well suffers zonal damage out to a radius of 6.25ft., reducing the permeability to
10md. However, electric heaters are able to reduce the viscosity of the oil from its normal 120cp to an average
of 8cp within at 4ft radius. Assume steady state flow (50pts)

i. Make a schematic diagram/illustration of the problem with label -10 pts.

ii. What is the resulting productivity ratio? -20pts.
iii. The production flowrates Q in stb/day, with zonal damage -10 pts. and when stimulated -10pts.
If the pressure at the reservoir boundary is 3250 psia and the wellbore flowing pressure is 950
psia. The oil formation volume factor is 1.26 rb/stb

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 2
SOLUTION:
i. ILLUSTRATIONS:

P
Before stimulation

Ka= 10md
Pe
h
Pa Q

Ke =250 md
Pw
rw ra
re

𝑘𝑒 − 𝑘𝑎 𝑟𝑎 250 − 10 6.25
𝑆𝑏𝑠 = ln = ln = 70.35
𝑘𝑎 𝑟𝑤 10 4ൗ
12

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 2
SOLUTION:
i. ILLUSTRATIONS:

P
After stimulation (reducing viscosity)

Ka= 10md Pe
µa= 120cp
h
µs= 8 cp

Ke =250 md
Pw
Pa
rw
rs ra re

𝑘𝑒 − 𝑘𝑠 𝑟𝑎 250 − 10 6.25
𝑆 − 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝜇𝑠, 𝑆𝑎 = ln = ln = 10.71
𝑘𝑠 𝑟𝑤 10 4
𝑟𝑎 𝜇𝑠 4 8
𝑆 − 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑆𝑠 = − ln 1− = − ln 1− = −2.32 RSA, 2021-2022
𝑟𝑤 𝜇𝑒 4Τ12 120
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
P
Before stimulation
Question no. 2
SOLUTION:

Ka= 10md
Pe
h
ii. Resulting Productivity Index Ratio Pa Q

Productivity Index (Jbs) Before stimulation (Steady-state flow) Ke =250 md

Pw
𝑄 rw ra
𝐽𝑏𝑠 = re
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓

Where:

660
𝑟 𝑄 120 𝐵𝑜 𝑙𝑛 4 + 70.35
𝑄𝜇𝑜 𝐵𝑜 ቈln 𝑟𝑒 + 𝑆𝑠 ൨
𝑤 12
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = = = 211 𝑄𝐵𝑜
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝐾ℎ 1.127 2𝜋 .250 25

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
P
Before stimulation
Question no. 2
SOLUTION:

Ka= 10md
Pe
𝑄 h
ii. Resulting Productivity Index Ratio
𝐽𝑏𝑠 = Q
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 Pa

Ke =250 md
or Pw
rw ra
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 + 𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑎 re

𝑟 𝑟
𝑄𝜇𝑜 𝐵𝑜 ቈln 𝑟𝑎 ൨ 𝑄𝜇𝑜 𝐵𝑜 ቈln 𝑟𝑒 ൨
𝑤 𝑎
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = +
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑎 ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑒 ℎ

𝑄𝜇𝑜 𝐵𝑜 𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑒
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = ൥ln ൗ 𝑘𝑎 + ln ൗ𝑘𝑒 ቉
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋ℎ 𝑟𝑤 𝑟𝑎

𝑄 120 𝐵𝑜 6.25 660

𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = ln ൗ . 010 + ln ൗ. 250൩ = 211 𝑄𝐵𝑜
1.127 2𝜋 25 ቎ 4 6.25
12
RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 2 P
After stimulation (reducing viscosity)

SOLUTION: Ka= 10md

µa= 120cp
Pe

ii. Resulting Productivity Index Ratio Q h

µ s= 8
cp
Ke =250 md
Productivity Index (Jas) After stimulation (Steady-state flow) Pw
Pa
𝑄 rw
𝐽𝑎𝑠 = rs ra re
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓
Where:
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = 𝑃𝑠 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 + 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑃𝑠 + 𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑎

𝑟𝑠 𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑒
𝑄𝜇𝑠 𝐵𝑜 ቈ𝑙𝑛 ൨ 𝑄𝜇𝑒 𝐵𝑜 ቈ𝑙𝑛 ൨ 𝑄𝜇𝑒 𝐵𝑜 ቈ𝑙𝑛 ൨
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 =
𝑟𝑤
+
𝑟𝑠
+
𝑟𝑎 RSA, 2021-2022
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑎 ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑎 ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑒 ℎ
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝜇𝑠 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑠 ൨ 𝜇𝑒 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑎 ൨ 𝜇𝑒 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑒 ൨
𝑄𝐵𝑜 𝑟𝑤 𝑟𝑠 𝑟𝑎
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = + +
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋 ℎ 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = 54𝑄𝐵𝑜
4
8 𝑙𝑛 4 ቉
቎ 6.25 660
12 120 ቈ𝑙𝑛 ൨ 120 ቈ𝑙𝑛 ቃ
𝑄𝐵𝑜 4 6.25
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = + +
1.127 2𝜋 25 0.01 .010 .250
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 2 P
After stimulation (reducing viscosity)

SOLUTION: 𝑄 Ka= 10md Pe

ii. Resulting Productivity Index Ratio
𝐽𝑏𝑠 = µa= 120cp
Q h
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓

µ s= 8
cp
or Pw
Ke =250 md
Pa
rw
𝑟 𝑟 rs ra re
𝑄𝜇𝑜 𝐵𝑜 ቈln 𝑟𝑠 + 𝑆𝑠 ൨ 𝑄𝜇𝑜 𝐵𝑜 ቈln 𝑟𝑒 + 𝑆𝑎 ൨
𝑤 𝑠
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = +
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑎 ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑒 ℎ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝐼 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝑟 𝑟 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑠 + 𝑆𝑠 ൨ ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑒 + 𝑆𝑎 ൨
𝑄𝜇𝑜 𝐵𝑜 𝑤 𝑠 𝑄
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = +
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋ℎ 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑒 54 𝑄𝐵𝑜
𝑃𝐼 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = 3.9
𝑄
4 211𝑄𝐵𝑜
൥ 4ൗ − 2.32቉ ቈ𝑙𝑛 660 + 10.71ቃ
𝑙𝑛
𝑄𝐵𝑜 120 12 4
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = +
1.127 2𝜋 25 0.01 .250 𝑃𝐼 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 3.9

𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = 54 𝑄𝐵𝑜

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
P
Before stimulation
Question no. 2
SOLUTION:

Ka= 10md
Pe

iii. Production flowrates, Q in bbl/day h

Pa Q
With Zonal Damaged:
Ke =250 md
Pw
rw ra
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝐾ℎ 𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 re
𝑄=
𝑟
𝜇𝑜 𝐵𝑜 ቈln 𝑟𝑒 + 𝑆𝑏𝑠 ൨
𝑤
P
After stimulation (reducing viscosity)

Ka= 10md Pe
1.127 2𝜋 .250 25 3250 − 950 µa= 120cp
h
𝑄= = 8.64 𝑏𝑏 𝑙 Τ𝑑 𝑎𝑦 Q

µ s= 8
cp
660
1.26 120 𝑙𝑛 4 + 70.35
ൗ12 Ke =250 md
Pw
Pa
rw
rs ra re

RSA, 2021-2022
Mid-term Examination Answer/Solution
Question no. 2 P
After stimulation (reducing viscosity)

SOLUTION: Ka= 10md Pe

iii. Production flowrates, Q in bbl/day µa= 120cp
Q h

µ s= 8
cp
Stimulated viscosity:
Ke =250 md
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = 𝑃𝑠 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 + 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑃𝑠 + 𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑎 Pw
Pa
rw
rs ra re
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝑄𝜇𝑠 𝐵𝑜 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑠 ൨ 𝑄𝜇𝑒 𝐵𝑜 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑎 ൨ 𝑄𝜇𝑒 𝐵𝑜 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑒 ൨
𝑤 𝑠 𝑎
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = + +
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑎 ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑎 ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋𝑘𝑒 ℎ
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝜇𝑠 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑠 ൨ 𝜇𝑒 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑎 ൨ 𝜇𝑒 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑒 ൨
𝑄𝐵𝑜 ቎ 𝑤 𝑠 𝑎
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 = + + ] RSA, 2021-2022
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋 ℎ 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑒
1.127 2𝜋 25 3250 − 950
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 2𝜋 ℎ 𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 𝑄=
𝑄= 4
8 𝑙𝑛 4 ቉
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 ቎ 6.25 660
𝜇𝑠 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑠 ൨ 𝜇𝑒 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑎 ൨ 𝜇𝑒 ቈ𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑒 ൨ 12 120 ቈ𝑙𝑛 4 ൨ 120 ቈ𝑙𝑛
6.25
ቃ
𝑤 𝑠 𝑎
1.26 0.01 +
𝐵𝑜 + + +
𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑒 .010 .250

𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝑄 = 33.73 𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑑𝑎𝑦
Reservoir Engineering 2
PetE - 410

RSA, 2021-2022