ST.

PETER’S ACADEMY
Polangui, Albay

Mathematics 9
Quarter 4; Week 3
Name of Student: ________________________________________________ Date Submitted: _____________
Topic: TRIANGLE SIMILARITY
References: Math for Engaged Learning 9, K to 12 (Second Edition), Sibs Publishing House Inc.
Exploring Mathematics 9, K to 12, SUNSHINE INTERLINKS PUBLISHING HOUSE, INC.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
 Illustrate similarity of figures.
 Prove the conditions for similarity of triangles: SAS similarity theorem, SSS similarity theorem, AA
similarity theorem, right triangle similarity theorem, and special right triangle theorems.

INTRODUCTION

Welcome back dear young mathematicians! You are now on the third week of Quarter 4. This time, we
will focus on illustrating triangle similarity and the theorems applied in proving triangle similarity.
There are many applications in today’s world that depend on triangle similarity. Triangle similarity is
often used in architecture and engineering such as measuring rooms, and scaling, to name a few. Its principle
is used in building construction and in stabilizing bridges. In medicine, similar triangles are used to compute
and identify the precise positions of treatments, for cancer patients in particular. Similar triangles are also used
in measuring the length or height of objects, such as flagpoles, trees, buildings, and other tall structures. They
are also quite helpful in aerial photography for viewing distance from the sky to the ground.
There are so much for you to learn about triangle similarity. Good luck and always keep learning dear
young mathematicians

MOTIVATION (PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY)

TELL SOMETHING ABOUT YOU!

List down some characteristics or attribute that you resemble to your parents. On the left, write what aspects you
resemble your father, and on the right what aspects you resemble to your mother.
Let’s find out if you have sort of similarity.

FATHER MOTHER

Attach here your picture

together with your
parents.

A LOVELY FAMILY
LESSON PROPER

SIMILAR TRIANGLES
Consider the following figures below. What do you notice?
C F
In the example, ∆ ABC ∆≝¿ because ∠ A ≅ ∠ D ,
b a e d ∠ B ≅ ∠ E ,∠C ≅ ∠ F , and a , b , c d ,e , f .

D f E
A c B
Similar triangles may be of the same shape but are not necessarily of the same size. Similar triangles that are of
the same shape and size are called congruent triangles. We say that two triangles are similar by the following
definitions.

SIMILARITY OF TRIANGLES
A similarity between two triangles is a correspondence such that the corresponding angles taken in the
same sequence are congruent and the measures of the corresponding sides taken in the same sequence are
proportional.
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
Two triangles are similar if and only if there exists a correspondence between them which is a
similarity.

The symbol ( ) used for proportionality is also used for similarity. Thus, ∆ ABC ∆≝¿ and is read as “triangle
ABC is similar to triangle ¿ .”

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
TR TS RS 18 12 16
Based from the preceding figure, find a and b . = = → = =
WY XY WX b 15 a

18 12 12 16
12 S X = ; =
b 15 15 a

T 15 18 ( 15 )=12 b 15 ( 16 )=12 a
270=12b 240=12a
270 12 b
18 a Y =
12 12
240 12 a
=
12 12
R
b b=22.5 a=20
W

TR TS RS 18 12 16
TO CHECK: = = → = = →
WY XY WX b 15 a
18 12 16
= =
22.5 15 20
4 4 4
= =
5 5 5
Since the corresponding sides are proportional, therefore, ∆ TSR and ∆ WXY are similar.

THEOREM: (CPSTP)
Corresponding parts of similar triangles are proportional.

DRILL: Try to evaluate the given example below. Find the value of the missing side.

18 After solving, check if you get 12 and 9 as the value of x

12 y and y , respectively.
6

8 x

SIMILARITY THEOREMS
Recall that two triangles are congruent if they have the same size and shape, and their sides and angles are also
congruent. In order to prove that two triangles are similar, theorems are provided to support such conditions.

1.1 ANGLE-ANGLE (AA) SIMILARITY POSTULATE (For more information, SEE PAGE 240-242)
If two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of another triangle, the triangles are similar.
 A E
Given: ∠ A and ∠ D are right angles

Prove: ∆ ABC ∆ DEC B C

D
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠ A and ∠ D are right angles. 1. Given
2. ∠ A ≅ ∠ D 2. All right angles are congruent.
3. ∠ A CD ≅ ∠ DCE 3. Vertical angle are congruent.
4. ∆ ABC ∆ DCE 4. AA Similarity

EXAMPLE: K 2 x+2 I 2 x+10 T

Given: ∆ IKN ∆ TKE
NE=12 6
NK =6 N
TI =2 x+10
IK =2 x +2 12
E
Problem: Find the value of x .

To solve:
1. Since ∇ IKN ∆ TKE , by the AA similarity postulate, corresponding sides have a proportional relationship.
KN KI
2. Write the proportion: =
KE KT
6 2 x+ 2 6 2 x +2
3. 3. Substitute: = → =
6+12 ( 2 x +2 ) +(2 x +10) 18 4 x +12
4. Use the Cross-Product Property. → 6 ( 4 x+12 ) =18(2 x+2)
5. Use the Distributive Property. → 24 x +72=38 x +36
6. Solve for x : → 72−36=38 x−24 x
12 x 36
36=12 x → = → x=3
12 12

1.2 SIDE-SIDE-SIDE (SSS) SIMILARITY THEOREM (For more information, SEE PAGE 242-243)
If the corresponding sides of the two triangles are proportional, then the triangles are similar.
2
Given: AB=4 , AC =2 ,CB =6 A C D 1 F
DE=2 , DF=1 , FE=3
4 6 2 3
Prove: ∆ ABC ∆≝¿
E
Proof: B
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. AB=4 , AC =2 ,CB=6
1. Given
DE=2 , DF=1 , FE=3
AB AC CB
2. = = 2. Property of Proportions
DE DF FE
3. ∆ ABC ∆≝¿ 3. SSS Similarity

EXAMPLE: Verify if ∆ PQR and ∆ STU are similar triangles.

T
PQ 6 2
= = Q
ST 9 3

QR 6 2
= = 6 6 9 9
TU 9 3

PR 4 2
= = R 4 P S 6 U
SU 6 3
Therefore, ∆ PQR ∆ PSTU by SSS Similarity.
1.3 SIDE-ANGLE-SIDE (SAS) SIMILARITY THEOREM (For more information, SEE PAGE 243-244)
If two pairs of corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, and the included angles are congruent,
then the triangles are similar. A
8
Given: AE=8=EB , ∆ AED and ∆ ABC are isosceles. E D
Prove: ∆ AED ∆ ABC 8

Proof: B C
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. AE=8=EB and ∆ AED and ∆ ABC are
1. Given
isosceles.
2. AE ≅ AD ; AB ≅ AC 2. Property of Proportions
3. ∠ A ≅ ∠ A 3. Reflexive Property
4. ∆ AED ∆ ABC 4. SAS Similarity

EXAMPLE: Verify if ∆≝¿ and ∆ HJK are similar triangles. E K

6
DE 5 DF 10 5
∠ D≅∠ H , = , = = 5 H 80 °
HJ 3 HK 6 3
F 80 ° 3
Therefore, ∆≝ ∆ HJK by SAS Similarity. 10 D J

KINDLE YOUR IDEAS

ACTIVITY

A. Find the values that the variables represent.

12
1. 2. 3.
x
e m
20 10 a 30 16 20 8 10
y 6
3
b
24 6

B. Find the value represented by each variable and sketch the triangles.

1. ∆ TON 2. ∆ EMK
t=12 e=25
o=15 m=20
n=20 k =25
∆ TON ∆ AME . If e=30 , find a and m . ∆ EMK ∆ JCP. Find j and p if c=18.

C. State two similar triangles. Complete the similarity statement.

1. Given: ∆ PRT , Q is the midpoint on PR , S is a point 2. Given: AE and BD intersect at C , and

∠ CAB ≅∠ CED .
on TR , and ∠ PRT ≅ ∠ RSQ .
P A B
Q

T S R D E

∆ PRT ______ by ________ Similarity Theorem ∆ ABC ______ by ________ Similarity Theorem

D. Complete the proof of the following by writing the logical statements and reasons.
D
Given: ∠ A ≅ ∠ E B
Prove: ∆ ABC ∆ EDC
C
A
Proof: E
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠ A ≅ ∠ E 1.
2. 2. Vertical angles are congruent.
3. Two angles of a ∆ are congruent with the
3.
corresponding two angles of another ∆
4. ∆ ABC ∆ DEC 4

GREAT WORK!
KEEP IT UP YOUNG MATHEMATICIANS 

MS. ZONABE S. PETILUNA

Subject Teacher