Provide a brief description of each of the eleven organ systems within the human body,

discussing the various components of each and their function within the human body.
1. integumentary system - The integumentary system is the body's biggest organ,
serving to protect and maintain the internal environment by forming a physical barrier
between the exterior and internal environments. The epidermis, dermis, hypodermis,
related glands, hair, and nails are all part of the integumentary system.
2. skeletal system - The central framework of the body. Bones and connective tissue,
such as cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, make up the structure. The musculoskeletal
system is another name for it. There are generally 206 named bones in a skeleton.
These bones are divided into two categories: axial and appendicular skeletons. The
vertical axis of the body is formed by the 80 bones of the axial skeleton. The skull,
spinal column, ribs, and breastbone (sternum) are among them. The free appendages
and their attachments to the axial skeleton are included in the appendicular skeleton,
which consists of 126 bones. The top and lower extremities, or limbs, and their
attachments, known as girdles, are considered free appendages.
3. muscular system - is responsible for the creation of movement or locomotion. Muscle
tissue is divided into three kinds in the muscular system: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
In the human body, each type of muscle tissue has its own structure and function.
Skeletal muscle is a type of muscle that moves bones and other tissues. The heart's
cardiac muscle contracts to pump blood.
4. nervous system - Everything you do, including breathing, walking, thinking, and
feeling, is within your control. The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous
System are both parts of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the
central nervous system, while the Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems make up
the peripheral nervous system.
5. endocrine system - The endocrine system is a group of glands in your body that
produce hormones that allow cells to communicate with one another. Almost every cell,
organ, and function in your body is controlled by them. the hypothalamus, pineal body,
Pituitary, Thyroid and parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal gland, pancreas, testes, and ovary
are all parts or organs.
6. cardiovascular system - The circulatory system of the body (cardiovascular system)
transports nutrients and oxygen to all of the body's cells. It is made up of the heart and
the blood arteries that flow throughout the body. The arteries transport blood out from
the heart, while the veins return it. The heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries make up
the cardiovascular system. Two circulatory systems are formed by these components:
the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems.

7. lymphatic system - The lymphatic system is a collection of tissues, veins, and organs
that work together to return lymph, a colorless, watery fluid, to your circulatory system
(your bloodstream). Every day, around 20 liters of plasma pass through your body's
arteries, smaller arteriole blood vessels, and capillaries. The lymphatic system includes
the bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, lymphatic veins, spleen, tonsils, and mucous
membranes.
8. respiratory system - The respiratory system, which consists of a set of organs and
tissues that work together to help you breathe, includes your lungs. The primary
function of the respiratory system is to bring new air into your body while eliminating
waste gases. The lungs are the most important organ in the respiratory system. The
nose, trachea, and breathing muscles are among the other respiratory organs (the
diaphragm and the intercostal muscles).
9. digestive system - Your digestive system breaks down and absorbs nutrients from the
food and liquids you ingest so that they may be used for vital functions such as energy,
cell development, and cell repair. The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum, and anus are the major organs that make up the digestive
system (in order of function). The pancreas, gall bladder, and liver assist them along the
process.
10. urinary system - The purpose of the urinary system is to filter blood and produce
urine as a waste by-product. The kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra are
all organs of the urinary system. The body turns nutrients into energy by absorbing them
from meals.
11. reproductive systems - The reproductive system has four roles in terms of
generating offspring: To make sperm and egg cells. To transfer and keep these cells
alive. To care for the growing offspring. The ovaries and testes make up the major
reproductive organs or gonads. These organs are in charge of generating gametes (egg
and sperm cells) as well as hormones.

Reference: Vanputte, Regan, & Russo. (2019). Seeley's Essential of Anatomy &
Physiology. Mc Graw Hill Education. Tenth Edition.