ANSWER AND RATIONALE

LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT
RESEARCH WITH
PROFESSIONAL
ADJUSGEMENTS
Level II-Comprehensive Review
November 2008

1. A client arrives in the emergency room and 1. Answer: A, an assault occurs when a person
is assessed by the nurse. The client is puts another person in fear of a harmful or
staggering, confused and verbally abusive. offensive contact. For this intentionable tort to
The client complains of a headache from be actionable, the patient must be aware of the
drinking alcohol and is asking for threat of harmful or offensive contact. Battery
medication. The nurse explains to the client is the actual contact with one’s body.
that the physician will have to perform an Negligence involves actions below the
assessment before the administration of standards of care. Invasion of privacy occurs
medication. When the client becomes with unreasonable intrusion into the client’s
verbally abusive, the nurse obtains the private affairs
leather restraints and threatens to place
the client in restraints. With which of the
following can the client legally charge the
nurse as a result of the nursing action?
a. Assault c. Negligence
b. Battery d. Invasion of
Privacy
2. Answer: D, if the physician writes an order that
2. The nurse calls the physician regarding a requires clarification, the nurse’s responsibility
new medication order dosage because the is to contact the physician for clarification. If
dosage prescribed is higher than the there is no resolution regarding the order
recommended dosage. The nurse is because the physician cannot be located or
unable to locate the physician and the because the order remains as it was written after
medication is due to be administered. talking with the physician, the nurse should
Which of the following actions would the then contact the nurse supervisor or the nurse
nurse take? manager for further clarification as to what the
a. Hold the medication until the physician next step should be. Under no circumstances
can be contacted should the nurse proceed to carry out the order
b. Administer the prescribed dose until obtaining clarification
c. Administer the recommended dose until
the physician is located
d. Contact the nursing supervisor 3. ANSWER: C, nurses need their own liability
insurance for protection against malpractice law
3. A nursing graduate is employed as a staff suits. Nurses erroneously assume that they are
nurse in a local hospital. During orientation, protected by the agency’s professional liability
the new graduate asks the nurse educator policies. Usually, when a nurse is sued, the
about the need to obtain a professional employer is also sued for the nurse’s actions or
liability insurance. The most appropriate inactions. Even though this is the norm, nurses
response by the nurse educator would be: are encouraged to have their own malpractice
a. “The hospital’s liability insurance will insurance
cover your actions”
b. “It is very expensive and not necessary”
c. “Nurses are encouraged to have their
own malpractice insurance”
d. “The majority of suits are filed against
physicians and hospitals”
4. The registered nurse arrive at work and is 4. ANSWER: D, floating is an acceptable legal
told to work (float) in the intensive care unit practice used by hospitals to solve their
(ICU) for the day because the ICU is understaffing problems. Legally, a nurse cannot
understaffed and needs additional nurses refuse a float unless a union contract guarantees
to are for the clients. Which of the following that nurses can only work in a specified area or the
is the most appropriate nursing action? nurse can prove the lack of knowledge for the
a. Refuse to float to the ICU performance of assigned tasks. When encountering
b. Call the hospital lawyer this situation, nurses should set priorities and
c. Call the nursing supervisor identify potential areas of harm to the client.
d. Report to the ICU and identify tasks that
can be performed safely

5. The nurse gives an inaccurate dose of a

medication to the client. Following 5. ANSWER: B, documentation of unusual
assessment of the client, the nurse occurrences, incidents, and accidents and the
completes an incident report. The nurse nursing actions taken as a result of the occurrence
notifies the nursing supervisor and of the is internal to the institution or the agency and
medication error and calls the physician to allows the nurse and administration to review the
report the occurrence. The nurse who quality of are and determine nay potential risks
administered the inaccurate medication present. Based on the information provided in the
understands that the: question, the nurse’s error will not result in
a. Error would be in suspension suspension nor will it be documented in the
b. Incident report is a method promoting personnel file. The error and the situation presented
quality care and risk management in the question are not a reason for notifying the
c. Incident will be reported to the Board of board of nursing
Nursing
d. Incident will be documented in the
personnel file

6. A nurse who works on the night shift enters 6. ANSWER: D, Nurse Practice acts require
the medication room and finds a co- worker reporting impaired nurses. The board of nursing has
with a tourniquet wrapped around the jurisdiction over the practice of nursing and may
upper arm. The co- worker is about to develop plans of treatment and supervision of the
insert a needle, attached to a syringe impaired nurse. this incident needs to be reported to
containing a clear liquid, into the the nursing supervisor, who will then report to the
antecubital area. The most appropriate board of nursing and the other authorities, such as
initial action by the nurse is which of the the police as required. Option C is inappropriate
following? and unsafe. The nurse may call security if a
a. Call the police disturbance occurs, but no data in the question
b. Call security supports this need, and therefore is not the
c. Lock the co- worker in the room until immediate action
help is obtained
d. Call the nursing supervisor

7. A hospitalized patient tells the nurse that a 7. ANSWER: C, living wills are required to be in
living will is being prepared and that a writing and signed by the client. The client’s
lawyer will be bringing the will to the signature either must be witnessed by specified
hospital today for witness signatures. The individuals or notarized. Many states prohibit any
client asks the nurse for assistance in employee, including the nurse of a facility where
obtaining a witness for the will. The most the client is receiving care, from being a witness.
appropriate response to the client is which Option B is non- therapeutic and not a helpful
of the following? response. The nurse should seek the assistance of a
a. “I will sign as a witness to your nursing supervisor
signature.”
b. “You will have to find a witness on your
own.”
c. “I will seek the nursing supervisor to
provide assistance to your request”
d. “Whoever is available at that time will
sign as a witness for you”
8. The nurse has made an error in b. Libel d. Negligence
documenting an assessment finding on a
client and obtains the client’s record to 8. ANSWER: C, if the nurse makes an error in
correct the error. The nurse corrects the documenting in the client’s record, the nurse should
error by: follow agency’s policies to correct the error. This
a. Trying to erase the error for space to includes drawing one line through the error,
write in the correct data initialing and dating the line, and then documenting
b. Using whiteout to delete the error and the correct information. Erasing data from the
writing in the correct data client’s record and the use of whiteout are
c. Drawing a line through the error, prohibited. A late entry is used to document
initialing and dating the line, and then additional information not remembered at the initial
documenting the correct information time of documentation
d. Documenting a late entry into the
client’s record

9. The nurse employed in the hospital is

waiting to receive a report from the
laboratory via the facsimile machine. The 9. ANSWER: D, sexual harassment in the
facsimile machine activates and the nurse workplace is prohibited by state and federal laws.
expects the report but instead receives a Sexually suggestive jokes, touching, pressuring a
sexually oriented photograph. The most co- worker for a date, and open displays of sexually
appropriate nursing action is to: oriented photographs or posters are examples of
a. Cut up the photograph and throw it conduct that can be considered sexual harassment
away by another worker. If the nurse believes that she or
b. Call the laboratory and ask for the he is being subjected to unwelcome sexual conduct,
individual’s name that sent the these concerns should be reported to the nursing
photograph supervisor immediately. Option C is unnecessary at
c. Call the police this time. Options A and B are not the most
d. Call the nursing supervisor and report appropriate options.
the incident

10. The nursing instructor provides a lecture to 10. ANSWER: D, Invasion of privacy occurs with
the nursing students regarding the issue of unreasonable intrusion into an individual’s private
client rights. The instructor asks a nursing affairs. Telling the client that the client cannot
student to identify a situation that leave the hospital constitutes false imprisonment.
represents an example of invasion of client Threatening to give a client medication constitutes
privacy. Which of the following, if identified assault. Performing a procedure without consent is
by the student, indicates an understanding considered battery
of this client right?
a. Performing a procedure without his
consent
b. Telling a client that he/ she cannot
leave the hospital
c. Threatening to give a client a
medication
d. Observing care given to a client without
asking for client’s permission

11. ANSWER: A, defamation occurs when

11. The nursing staff is sitting in the lounge something untrue is said (slander) or written (Libel)
taking their morning break. A nursing about a person, resulting to injury to that person’s
assistant tells the group that she thinks that good name and reputation. An assault occurs when
the Unit secretary has acquired a person puts another person in fear of harmful or
immunodeficiency syndrome. The nursing offensive contact. Negligence involves the actions
assistant proceeds to tell the staff that the of professionals that fall below the standard of care
secretary has probably contracted the for a specific professional group.
disease from her husband who is
supposedly a drug addict. Which legal tort
has the nursing assistant violated?
a. Slander c. Assault
12. The nurse hears a client calling out for 12. ANSWER: A, The incident report should
help. The nurse hurries down the hallway contain the client’s name, age and diagnosis. The
to the client’s room and finds the client report should contain a factual description of the
lying on the floor. The nurse performs a incident, any injuries experienced by those
thorough assessment and assists the client involved and the outcome of the situation. Option
back to bed. The nurse notifies the A is the only option that describes the facts as
physician of the incident and completes an observed by the nurse. Options 2, 3, and 4 are
incident report. Which of the following interpretations of the situation and are not factual
would the nurse document on the incident data observed by the nurse.
report?
a. The client was found lying on the floor
b. The client climbed over the side rails
c. The client fell out of bed
d. The client became restless and tried to
get out of bed

13. A client is brought to the emergency room 13. ANSWER: D, generally, only two instances is
by the emergency medical services after the informed consent of an adult is not needed. One
being hit by a car. The name of the client is instance is when an emergency is present and
not known. The client has sustained a delaying treatment for the purpose of obtaining
severe head injury, multiple fractures, and informed consent would result to injury of death to
is unconscious. An emergency craniotomy the client. The second is when the client has waived
is required. Regarding informed consent for the right to informed consent. Option B will delay
the surgical procedure, which of the the emergency treatment and option C is
following is the best action? inappropriate. Although option A may be pursued,
a. Call the police to identify the client and it is not the best action.
locate the family
b. Obtain a court order for the surgical
procedure
c. Ask the emergency medical services
team to sign the informed consent
d. Transport the victim to the operating
room for surgery
14. ANSWER: D, Confidential issues are not to be
14. An 87- year old woman is brought to the discussed with non- medical personnel or the
emergency room for treatment of a person’s family or friends without the patient’s
fractured arm. On physical assessment, permission. Clients should be assured that
the nurse notes old and new ecchymotic information is kept confidential, unless it places the
areas on the client’s chest and legs. The nurse under a legal obligation. Options A, B and C
nurse asks the client how the bruises were do not address the legal implication of the situation
sustained. The client, although reluctant, and do not assure a safe environment for the client.
tells the nurse that her son frequently hits
her if supper is not prepared on time when
he arrives home from work. Which of the
following is the most appropriate nursing
response?
a. “Oh really, I will discuss the situation
with your son.”
b. “Do you have any friends that can help
you out until you resolve these
important issues with your son.”
c. “Let’s talk about the ways that you can
manage your time to prevent this from
happening.”
d. “This is a legal issue, and I need to let
you know that I will need to report it”

15. The nurse is working in a long- term care

facility and is administering medications to
assigned clients. A client refuses to take
 the prescribed medication, and the nurse 15. ANSWER: C, An assault occurs when a
threatens the client and tells the client that person puts another person in fear of a harmful or
if the medication is not taken orally, then offensive contact. For this intentional tort to be
restraints will be applied and the actionable, the victim must be aware of the threat
medication will b given by injection. This of harmful or offensive contact. Battery is the
statement by the nurse constitutes which actual contact with the client’s body. Negligence
legal tort? involves actions below the standards of care.
a. Invasion of Privacy c. Assault Invasion of privacy occurs with unreasonable
b. Negligence d. Battery intrusion into the individual’s private affairs

16. The nurse is reviewing the critical paths of

the clients in the nursing unit. In performing
a variance analysis, which of the following 16. ANSWER: B, variances are actual deviations
would indicate the need for further action or detours from the critical paths. Variances can be
and analysis? positive or negative, avoidable or unavoidable, and
a. A client’s family attending a diabetic can be caused by a variety of things. Positive
teaching lesson variance occurs when the client achieves maximum
b. Cancelling physical therapy sessions on benefit and is discharged earlier than anticipated.
the weekend Negative variance occurs when untoward events
c. Normal Vital Signs and absence of prevent a timely discharge. Variance analysis
wound infection in a post- operative occurs continually to anticipate and recognize
client negative variance early so that appropriate action
d. A client demonstrating accurate can be taken
medication administration after teaching

17. A new nursing graduate is attending an

agency orientation regarding the nursing
model of practice implemented in the 17. ANSWER: D, In team nursing, nursing
facility. The nurse is told that the nursing personnel are lead by a registered nurse leader in
model is a team nursing approach. The providing care to a group of clients. Option A
nurse understands that planning care identifies functional nursing. Option B, identifies
delivery will be based on which primary nursing, and option C identifies a
characteristic of this type of nursing model component of case management.
practice?
a. A task approach method is used to
provide care to the clients
b. A single registered nurse is responsible
for providing care to a group of clients
c. Managed care concepts and tools are
used in providing care
d. Nursing personnel are led by an RN
leader in providing care to a group of
clients

18. The nurse manager has implemented a

change in the method of nursing delivery 18. ANSWER: D, confrontation is an important
system from functional to team nursing. A strategy to meet resistance head- on. Face- to- face
nursing assistant is resistant to the change meetings to confront the issue at hand will allow
and is not taking an active part in verbalization of feelings, identification of problems
facilitating the process of change. Which of and issues, and development of strategies to solve
the following would be the best approach in the problem. Option A will not address the
dealing with the nursing assistant? problem. Option B may cause additional resistance.
a. Ignore the resistance Option C may provide a temporary solution to the
b. Exert coercion with the nursing resistance but will not address the concern
assistant specifically
c. Provide a positive reward system for
the nursing assistant
d. Confront the nursing assistant to
encourage verbalization of feelings
regarding the change 19. The registered nurse is planning the client
assignments for the day. Which of the
 following is the most appropriate this case, the most appropriate assignment for a
assignment for the nursing assistant? nursing assistant would be to care for the client
a. A client with difficulty swallowing foods who requires urine specimen collections. The
and fluids nursing assistant is skilled in this procedure. The
b. A client who requires urine specimen client with difficulty swallowing is at risk for
collection aspiration. Colostomy irrigations and tube feedings
c. A client requiring a colostomy irrigation are not performed by unlicensed personnel
d. A client receiving continuous tube
feedings

20. ANSWER: D, when delegating nursing

20. The registered nurse employed in a long- assignments, the nurse needs to consider the skills
term care facility is planning assignments and educational level of the nursing staff.
for the clients on a nursing unit. The RN Collecting a 24- hour urine sample, giving a
needs to assign four clients and has a bedbath, and assisting with frequent ambulation
licensed practical (vocational) nurse and and the administering enemas can be provided most
three nursing assistants on a nursing team. appropriately by the nursing assistant. The licensed
Which of the following clients would the practical (vocational) nurse is skilled in wound
nurse most appropriately assign to the irrigations and dressing changes and most
licensed practical nurse? appropriately would be assigned to the client who
a. A client who requires a bedbath needs this care.
b. An older client requiring ambulation
c. A client who requires a fleet enema
d. A client with an abdominal wound
requiring wound irrigations and dressing
changes every 3 hours
21. ANSWER: B, the RN would plan to care for
this client who has fever, is diaphoretic and restless
21. The Registered nurse has received the first because this client’s needs are the priority.
assignment for the day shift. After making Waiting for pain medication to take effect before
initial rounds and checking all the assigned providing care to the post- op client is best. The
clients, which client will the RN plan to care client who is ambulatory and the client scheduled
first? for physical therapy later in the day do not have
a. A client who is ambulatory priority needs related to care
b. A client who has fever, is diaphoretic
and restless
c. A client scheduled for physical therapy
at 1 pm
d. A post- operative client who has just
received pain medication

22. ANSWER: A, airway is the priority and the

22. The nurse is assigned to care for four nurse would attend to this client who has been
clients. In planning client rounds, which experiencing an airway problem first. The clients
client would the nurse assess first? described in options B, C and D have needs that
a. A client receiving oxygen via nasal would be identified as intermediate priorities
cannula who had difficulty breathing
during the previous shift
b. A post- operative client preparing for
discharge
c. A client scheduled for a chest X- ray
d. A client requiring daily dressing
changes

23. The nurse is giving a bedbath to an

assigned client. A nursing assistant enters
the client’s room and tells the nurse that
19. ANSWER: B, the nurse must determine the another assigned client is in pain and
most appropriate assignment based on the skills of needs pain medication. The most
the staff members and the needs of the clients. In
 appropriate nursing action is which of the 23. ANSWER: B, the nurse is responsible for the
following? care provided to the assigned clients. The most
a. Finish the bedbath and then administer appropriate action is to provide safety to the client
the pain medication to the other client receiving the bedbath and prepare to administer the
b. Cover the client, raise the side rails, tell pain medication. Options A and C delay the
the client that you will return shortly and administration of the medication to the client in
administer the pain medication to the pain. Option 4 is not a responsibility of the nursing
other client assistant
c. Ask the nursing assistant to tell the
client in pain that medication will be
administered as soon as the bedbath is
complete
d. Ask the nursing assistant to find out
when the last pain medication was
given to the client
24. The home health nurse is planning client
visits for the day. The nurse is assigned to
admit a client who was discharged
yesterday from the hospital following a
diagnosis of pneumonia. The nurse also is 24. ANSWER: D, the nurse would plan to see the
scheduled to visit a client requiring twice client requiring twice daily dressing changes
daily abdominal dressing changes. The first because the dressing changes should be
third client to be seen is a client whose spaced as far apart a possible. The nurse next
spouse is performing daily dressing would plan to see the client being visited by the
changes, and the nurse needs to supervise home health aide and provide instructions and
the spouse in performing the dressing directions to the home health aide regarding
change. The fourth client to be seen will be care of the client. The nurse would then visit
visited by a home health aide at 10 am, the client regarding supervision of the dressing
and the nurse needs to orient the aide and change and would perform the admission last
provide supervision of client care. The because that may take more time than the other
nurse begins the visits at 9 am. All the clients. The nurse would then return to the
clients live within a 5- mile radius. How client regarding the second twice daily dressing
would the nurse plan the order of the
assignments for the day?
a. Client being visited by the home health
aid, the client requiring admission, the
client regarding supervision of the
dressing change, client requiring twice
daily dressing changes, the client
requiring the second twice daily
dressing change
b. The client requiring admission, the
client requiring supervision of the
dressing change, client requiring twice
daily dressing changes, client being
visited by the home health aide, client
requiring the second twice daily
dressing change
c. Client being visited by the home health aide,
client requiring twice daily dressing changes,
the client requiring admission, the client
regarding supervision of the dressing change,
client requiring second twice daily dressing
change
d. Client requiring twice daily dressing
changes, client being visited by the
home health aide, the client requiring
supervision of the dressing change, the
client requiring admission, client
requiring second twice daily dressing 25. A nurse employed in an emergency
change department is assigned to triage clients
arriving to the emergency room for
 treatment on the evening shift. The nurse cardiac arrest, limb amputation, acute neurological
would assign the highest priority to which deficits, and those who sustained chemical splashes
of the following clients? to the eyes are number 1 priority. Clients with
a. A client with chest pain who states that conditions such as a simple fracture, asthma
he just ate pizza with a very spicy without respiratory distress, fever, hypertension,
sauce abdominal pain, or the client with a renal stone
b. A client with a minor laceration on the have urgent needs and are classified as number 2
index finger sustained while cutting an priority. Clients with conditions such as minor
eggplant lacerations, sprain or cold symptoms are classified
c. A client complaining of muscle aches, a as non- urgent and are the number 3 priority.
headache and malaise
d. A client who twisted her ankle when she
fell while rollerblading
26. ANSWER: A, the ANSAP is the accrediting
body of the IVT program and has formulated the
Intravenous standards of Nursing Practice. Option
26. Which of the following agencies is the B is responsible for the assessment and licensure of
accrediting body of the Intravenous aspiring professionals, Option C is not involved in
Training Program? the IVT program whilst Option D is a fictional
a. Association of Nursing Service agency and does not exist
Administrators of the Philippines
b. Professional Regulation Commission
c. Philippines Nurses Association
d. Intravenous Training Commission

27. ANSWER: B, in order to effectively care for

client, the nurse should be aware of client’s needs
and rights and on the nurse’s responsibility to these
27. The role of the nurse is seen more broadly clients as stated in the patient’s bill of rights
today. The Client’s well- being is more
likely to be observed if health team
members have awareness of the:
a. Human Bill of Rights
b. Patient Bill of Rights
c. Magna Carta for Health Workers
d. Professional Code of Ethics for Nurses

28. ANSWER: B, nurse’s may care for the clients

but nurses should encourage INDEPENDENCE
28. Which of the following statements below is such as the client being able to manage care at
the expanded role of nurses today and in home. Also, this enables the nurse to reach clients
the future? in areas that cannot be easily reached by the Health
a. Health insurance nursing care service Care Delivery System
b. Managed care at home
c. Health maintenance organization
d. Hospital nursing services

29. Which of the following is the core strategy

that the Department of Health formulated to
25. ANSWER: A, In an emergency department, make health care more accessible to
triage is classifying clients according to their need clients?
for care and includes establishing priorities of care. a. Deregulation of health services
The kind of illness, the severity of the problem, and b. Regionalization of health services
the resources available govern the process. Clients c. Opening Baranggay wellness clinics
with trauma, chest pain, severe respiratory distress, d. Primary health care
30. As a nurse, how will you promote the role
of nursing in the health care team?
a. Interprets nursing to the health team
b. Acts as change agent
c. Observes standards of nursing practice
d. Clearly specifies nursing contribution to
health care

31. Which of the following is the ultimate goal

of The National Health Insurance Bill ?
a. Increase health source availability
b. Health services for those insured
c. Health coverage for all Filipinos
d. Health services for the poor

Situation: As a registered nurse, Ms.

Hannah dela Cruz was placed as nurse-in-
charge of the unit she’s working in. She
noted that a lot of confusion occurred in
her unit due to certain disorganization and
so she has decided to improve work 32. ANSWER: A, planned change refers to the
performance by altering the areas that may intentional course of action that results in alteration of
need improvement. something different in a nursing unit
32. This refers to the intentional course of
action that results in alteration of
something different in a nursing unit:
a. Planned change c. Re-education
b. Improve systems d. Nursing process 33.

33. In implementing changes in the unit to

reorganize it, Nurse Hannah may
encounter resistance. When resistance
threatens needed change, what
intervention should Hannah use to address
the resistance?
a. Send a memorandum of change
b. Use a problem-solving strategy
c. Institute measures to gain support from
staff
d. Conduct staff re-education 34. Which of the following factors would
increase or influence the staff to accept the
change that nurse Hannah wishes to
impose in the unit?
a. Externally imposed
b. Share its benefits
c. Participation in decision making
d. Planned ahead

35. As the nurse is charge of the unit, Nurse

Hannah will have to delegate and
 supervise unit activities. Which is the main
purpose of supervision and delegation?
a. To enhance the delivery of quality
nursing care
b. To improve staff compliance to policy &
procedure
c. To assign appropriate work tasks to the
best qualified individual
d. To influence the organization’s
approach in recruitment, promotion &
personnel evaluation
36. D

36. Which best defines “Standards of Care”?

a. Legally mandated minimal requirement
for care.
b. Consumer-directed expectation for care
delivery.
c. Medically focused level of excellence in
delivery of care.
d. Predetermined model of level of
performance that is to be followed.

37.

37. A couple of days before New Year, Jenny,

the nurse supervisor motivate her staff
nurses to work for an extended period that
day. In collaboration with the staff, they
develop a contingency plan to better
provide quality-nursing care for the
firecracker victims. Jenny is exemplifying
what type of leadership?
a. Authoritarian c. Democratic
b. Budgetary d. Laizzes-faire

38. Nurse Minette is a community health nurse

is working with disaster relief team
following a typhoon. Nurse Minette’s goal is
to prevent further injuries & deaths and
plans to find temporary housing, provide
34. ANSWER: C, Participation in decision- making psychological support, organize the
encourages the members of the team to share their community & secure physical care for
opinions and fosters the feeling of importance among affected victims. The nurse’s actions are
the members examples of which type of prevention?
a. Primary level c. Tertiary
level
b. Secondary level d. Aggregate level
39. While you conducting a research in a
nearby area, one of the participants told
the nurse that she wants to withdraw from
35. ANSWER: A, to enhance the delivery of quality the study. The nurse should perform which
nursing care as the nurse- in- charge is able to divide the of the following actions?
tasks among the members according to their skills and
a. Convince the participant not to
expertise, thus making sure that client care is effective
withdraw.
b. Give her the permission to withdraw.
 c. Sue her since she already signed a
contract.
d. Allow her to withdraw a for her in the
study.
40. The first step in the change process is 40.
facilitating change. This is called:
a. freezing c. Moving
b. freezing d. Status quo

41. An understanding of the usefulness of 41.

scientific findings is more and more
essential for quality nursing practice. As a
nurse, you decided to do a review of
literature. The nurse would do so in order
to:
a. Improve your library reading skills
b. Get ideas on interpretation of findings
c. Formulate a conceptual framework for
the study
d. Decide on a sampling method 42.
42. The sampling method where each member
of the study population has an equal
chance to be selected as subject is termed
as a/ an:
a. Random sampling
b. Convenient sampling
c. Selective sampling 43. ANSWER: A, this theory states that an act is
d. Purposive sampling ethical if it benefits the majority of people.
43. Dr. Santos is a chemist who employs
human volunteers in his clinical trials for a
drug that he believes would cure cancer.
However, some of the subjects in the
experiment may be harmed. But, he
believes that his action can not be
considered wrong because many people
would gain when the cure for cancer is
developed. What ethical theory is Dr.
Santos utilizing to justify his action as
good?
a. Utilitarian theory
b. Golden rule theory
c. Deontological theory 44. Dr. Fajardo on the other hand, thinks that
d. Divine theory the act of Dr. Santos is wrong because the
act itself is wrong. What ethical theory is
38. Dr. Fajardos employing?
a. Teleological theory
b. Golden rule theory
c. Deontological theory
d. Divine theory

45. In what instances may a Client’s Informed

Consent for treatment not required?
a. in emergencies
b. when the patient is incompetent
39. c. when there is a waiver
d. all of the above
46. Nurse Gina noted that after she has
rendered tepid sponge bath, the client’s 46. ANSWER: B, veracity means truthfulness. The
temperature remained elevated and thus, nurse has violated this ethical principle by
she would have to continue doing TSB. falsifying a VS result
However, she still had another client to
attend to, so Nurse Gina documented a
normal temperature reading so that she
would not have to continue the TSB. Which
of the following ethical principles did she
violate?
a. confidentiality
b. veracity
c. autonomy
d. justice

47. Nurse Claven hates his patient, a 75 year 47. ANSWER: A, he instigated the crime
old cardiac patient who was Greek in
origin. He attempted to electrocute the
patient. She asked her friend Billy
Fernandez to be the look-out during the
killing. After Claven killed his patient, He
asked her sister Barona to help her bury
the body to prevent its discovery. If those
involved will be charged legally, who is
considered as the principal?
a. Claven c. Barona
b. Billy d. None of the
them 48. ANSWER: B

48. Who is considered as accomplice to the

crime?
a. Claven c. Barona
b. Billy d. None of the
them

49. Who is the accessory?

a. Maria c. Barona
b. Willy d. None of them
44.

50. A patient has been in the ICU for 2 weeks.

The relatives have consented to a “do not
resuscitate” order. When the client
develops a cardiac arrest the nurse will
carryout which of the following actions?
a. only medication will be given
45. b. all ordinary measures will be stop
c. basic and advance life support will not
be given
d. mechanical ventilation and NGT will be
stopped
 51. ANSWER: B, the living will is made by the
51. Mr. de Leon is in the terminal stage of Lung client and is to be followed if the client is deemed
malignancy and he tells the nurse that he no longer able to make decisions
has a living will. The nurse knows that the
client’s living will involve which one of the
following?
a. A document signed by the client’s
family for the provider to withhold
medical treatment when death is
eminent
b. The medical treatment a client chooses
to withhold if he is rendered unable to
make decisions
c. It is confidential and not part of the
client’s medical records
d. Provides the client’s wishes need not
be followed if life can be prolonged 52. ANSWER: B

52. You understand that as the nurse,

maintaining privacy and confidentiality is an
important aspect of which of the following?
a. Hospital policy
b. Nurse code of ethics
c. What all client expect
d. It is an accepted practice
53. ANSWER: B, veracity means truthfulness

53. Which of the follow of profession nurses is

considered when one tells truth about
medication errors committed?
a. privacy c. maleficence
b. veracity d. beneficence

54. The Philippines is a hot pot of various

ethical groups and cultures. Which of the
49. following must the nurse perform to
effectively care for her clients from various
ethnic settings?
a. study the ethnic culture of each of her
client
b. determine patient’s personal beliefs and
values
50. ANSWER: C, All basic and extraordinary c. work with on ethnic folk healer
means will be stopped d. minimize transcultural communication

55. If a client is asking the nurse about the cost

of treatment at the healthcare facility where
care is being received. The nurse refers to
a document when needing information
about the client’s query. The patient’s right
to this information is based on?
a. Code for Nurses
b. Client’s bill of rights
c. Hospital’s policy manual
d. Nurses practice act
56. Gringo, a nurse working in an ambulatory
surgery unit frequently signs as a witness 56. ANSWER: A, the nurse needs to verify if the
on consent for surgery forms. By signing as client was able to understand the procedure
a witness, Nurse Gringo is?
a. legally responsible to verify the client’s
understanding of the proposed
procedure
b. stating that the client’s has been
informed of the risks and benefits of the
procedure
c. verifying that the client signed the
consent form
d. verifying that the physician thoroughly
informed the client about the risks and
benefits of the surgery

57.ANSWER: C, the informed consent id the legal

57. The legal permission obtained from the permission obtained prior to any invasive
client before any invasive procedure, procedure
involvement in research or administration
of experimental medication and
intervention is
a. Affidavit c. informed consent
b. contract d. power of
attorney 58. ANSWER: A, 20%

58. Mang Berto, a Pulmonary Tuberculosis

patient, frequently buys drugs from
Mercury Drug Store. In our country, senior
citizens are given discounts in purchase of
their medicines. How much is the discount?
a. 20% b. 15% c. 10% d.
25%
59. An institution or organization that is
responsible for approving the certificate to
operate as a nursing school in the
Philippines is the:
54. a. Board of Nursing
b. PNA
c. Commission on Higher Education
d. PRC

60. According to the new Philippine Nursing

Law of 2002, each professional nurse must
be legally accountable for all his actions,
which involves proper monitoring and
55. recording. Which of the following are the
legal implications of the said nursing
actions?
a. that regardless if the nurse recorded his
observation or not, he shall still be
accountable and liable
b. if the nurse did not document anything,
he shall not be liable
c. if it was not written although it was
performed, it is considered as not
having been done at all
 d. because a chart needs to be completed
by handwritten words

61.

61. Which of the following persons cannot

legally give consent to any medical or
surgical treatment?
1. a person accused of civil interdiction
2. a minor person
3. an unconscious or imbecile person
4. emancipated minor
a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. 1,3,4 d.
1,2,4
62.

62. Which of the following does the nurse

commit If the nurse allows the publication
of a picture of a malformed baby without
the consent of the parents?
a. defamation
b. invasion to right of privacy
c. false imprisonment
d. battery
63. A nurse has made an error in documenting
an assessment finding on client and
obtains the client’s record to correct the
error. The nurse corrects the error by:
a. Trying to erase the error to provide
59. ANSWER: C space to write in the correct data
b. Using whiteout to delete the error and
writing in the correct data
c. Drawing one line through the error,
initialing and dating line, and then
documenting the correction
d. Documenting a late entry into the
client’s record

64. Legally, nursing care that is not

documented:
a. is care provided even if not recorded
60. b. may be recorded soon alter done
c. may be recorded during the next shift
d. is care not done

65. Ethics is defined by the following, BUT:

a. protects the rights of other like patients
and co-workers
b. refers to the human conduct itself-which
is good
c. warrants no legal right
d. standards of conduct becoming a
professional

66. A physician does not want a patient to be

informed of the possibility of hysterectomy
although it is indicated on the consent
 form. Which is the appropriate action of the
nurse?
a. the nurse is obligated to do as told by
the physician
b. to make such a decision is the
physician’s right
c. patient has the right to receive
information from the physician which
are necessary to give informed consent
d. “Consult your physician for any
question.” Is the advise of the nurse to
the patient after obtaining the signature 67. ANSWER: C

67. A patient was informed that he needs a

major surgery or his life will be in danger.
The patient refused the procedure. Which
does not conform to the patient’s Bill of
Right?
a. the patient has the right to know that his
life is in danger
b. the patient has the obligation to submit
himself to the treatment
c. the patient has the right to refuse
treatment to extent permitted by law
d. the patient recognizes the expertise of 68. The Standards of nursing practice serve as
the physician and agree to the surgery guide for;
a. safe nursing care and management
63. ANSWER: C, this is the correct procedure for b. varied areas of nursing practice
error correction if the client’s documents c. proper nursing approaches and
techniques
d. evaluation of care rendered

69. The qualification of a chief nurse under RA

7164 are the following but one:
a. two(2) years experience in nursing
service administration
b. master’s degree holder in nursing
service administration
64. c. Filipino citizen
d. Member of the accredited professional
organization of nurses

70. The law is an essential component of

65. ANSWER: D nursing practice. The following concepts
are true about laws, EXCEPT:
a. laws tent to remain constant
b. laws and ethics are closely related
c. laws are principles and processes that
resolve disputes without resorting to
physical force
d. laws govern a particular field or activity
66. ANSWER: C, the informed Consent is a
testament that the client has understood all the risks
and benefits of a procedure, withholding
information from the client indicates that the client 71. New graduate Karen has to apply for the
is not legible to sign the informed consent Nursing Licensure Examination, the
 applicant must meet which of the following
requirements:
1. holder of a BSN degree
2. In good health and of good moral
character
3. citizen of Philippines
4. at least 21 years of age
a. 1,2,3 c. 3,4,1 72. ANSWER: B
b. 2,3,4 d. 1,3,4

72. Screening the applicants for the nurse

licensure examination is a legitimate
exercise of the police power of the states
which belongs to the:
a. Board of Nursing
b. Professional Regulation Commission
c. Philippine Nurses Association 73. When the member of the Board of Nursing
d. Deans of the Colleges of Nursing studied and reviewed the provisions of RA
7164 and subsequently adopted the
implementing guidelines, it was an exercise
of their power called:
68. ANSWER: C a. discretionary c. quasi-judicial
b. ministerial d. quasi-legislative

74. A professional license is a legal document

necessary for the practice of a profession.
It is best described as:
1. a privilege
2. a permanent right
69. 3. a temporary right
4. an evidence that one has the basic skill,
knowledge and attitude to qualify for the
practice
5. a proof of expertise in the delivery of
health care to people
a. 1,2,5 b. 2,4,5 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 3,4,5

75. If one’s license is to be renewed every

three (3) years and the renewal date falls
70. on one’s birth month of the year 2006,
when is the year of it’s expiration?
a. 2005 b. 2006 c. 2009 d. 2010

76. Every nurse is responsible for his own acts

which include all of these but one:
a. performances while on duty or off duty
b. primary, secondary and tertiary care
c. providing first aid and emergency
d. Health care service only to those
71. ANSWER: A, belonging to his race, creed, social
status, etc.
77. When the patient gets injured, which
should not be done in order to protect the
nurse from liability?
a. relieve first your anxiety, then
apologize and explain to the patient
injured
b. notify the attending physician
c. when charting, concentrate on the
incident
d. focus on the physician’s order

78. Vincent, a 15 year old out of school youth

robbed a bank, killing two (2) security
guards with his unlicensed gun. Which
73. concept on crimes will be most applicable
to Vincent’s case?
a. consummated, gray felony, exempting
circumstances consummated, less
grave felony, mitigating
b. circumstance
c. grave felony, consummated, mitigating
circumstances
d. less grave felony, consummated,
exempting circumstance
74. ANSWER: C, a professional license it
temporarty and may be suspendedor revoked as
deemed by a recognized authority 79. Mang Kardo is a 54- year old stroke patient
broke his leg when he fell out of bed while
being turned to side by an aide. The injury
sustained by the patient is a sufficient
evidence of negligence using the doctrine
of:
a. force majeure
b. Res ipsa loquitor
c. Stare decisis
d. “let the master answer”

80. Nurse Ryan is having a hard time reading

75. ANSWER: C the latest Doctor’s orders. The proper
procedure to observe when a nurse cannot
decipher a physician’s written order is to:
a. wait for the physician who gave the
order
b. question the physician before
transcribing the order
c. call the pharmacist to acquire about the
76. usual dosage of the drug
d. transcribe the order according to normal
dosage

81. Nurse Kim has received a phone call from

a physician who wishes to give a telephone
order. Which circumstances may justify a
nurse’s decision to accept an order by
phone?
1. the nurse knows how to carry out the
orders
77. 2. the orders are clear and specific
 3. the orders are within the areas of
nursing practice
4. the physician is out of reach
5. any unnecessary delay in treating the
patient will result to a serious injury
a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. 3,4,5 d.
1,3,5

82. In the medical ward, Nurse Mike is

reviewing the hospital’s policies. Under
what condition will warrant the need for
detention of a patient in the hospital?
78. a. when underage and the parents have
not settled the hospital bills
b. with no accompanying relative
c. if mentally ill and no responsible
watcher
d. when illness presents a danger to the
public

83. The statement of a dying patient is

considered as:
a. hearsay evidence
b. testimony of opinion
c. competent evidence in civil proceedings
d. acceptable in court when made by a
79. ANSWER: B, Res Ipsa Loquitor means “the victim of a crime
thing speaks for itself”, this means even if the client Situation: Nurse Luisa is newly appointed by
tries to explain himself, the consequences of his the local government to lead the program
actions are already evidence of his negligence integrated management of childhood illnesses
in the Municipality of San Jacinto. She knows
that as a young and inexperienced nurse, she
needs to update her competence in the legal
aspects of professional practice.
84. As a nurse, Luisa should be guided by the
nursing law in the Philippines. Which of the
following is not a stipulation of this law?
80. ANSWER: B, the one who gave the order a. Increase the composition of the board
should be the one questioned before transcribing from five to seven representing nursing
the order education, service and community
health nursing.
b. Requires those nurses who have been
away from practice to undergo one
month of didactic training and five
months of practicum before returning to
the workforce
c. Recognition of nursing specialty
organization in coordination with the
accredited professional organization
81. d. Provides for incentives and benefits for
nurses and their dependents.
85. Nurse Luisa is trying to perform an
assessment of a three year old boy for
fever, but the boy does not want to go near
her. Which of the following remarks of
Pamela would constitute an assault?
a. “You don’t want to have your
temperature taken? I will call the guard
 to hold you and give you an injection
instead.”
b. “alright, just tell me when you are ready
to have your temperature taken”
c. “this will not hurt you just put it under
your tongue” 86. A 4 year old patient assessed to have
d. “if you will let me take you temperature severe dehydration needs an intravenous
your fever will be gone” infusion of D5 NSS. Nurse Luisa has not
82. attended training in IV therapy yet so she
would perform which of the following?
a. Start the IV with the goal of saving the
patient from further injury
b. Refer the case to the doctor who can
come in less than one hour
c. Refer the patient to the nearest hospital
facility, which can be reached in 30
minutes
d. Give ORESOL while waiting for help

87. Mr. Black, a British national,is terminally ill

83. and instructed the hospital staff to abstain
from giving him revival in the event that he
goes into cardiac arrest. Which of the
following actions of nurse Luisa is least
likely to be legally sound?
a. Prepare the form for advanced
directives and ask Mr. Gibson to sign
b. Ask other persons who are qualified to
be witnesses of the signed directive
c. Explain to Mr. Gibson that this is not yet
a practice in the Philippines
d. Attached the advance directives to the
patient’s chart

84. 88. Mr. Simpson, a canadian who is a SARS

suspect is advised to be confined in a
negative pressure room with strict
protective gadgets of the health workers
taking care of him. He vehemently
resented being confined in that room.
Moreover, he was denied visitors. He tried
to sue the hospital. Which case will Mr.
Simpson most likely file?
a. illegal detention c. Incompetence
b. Defamation d. Battery

89. In addition to the prescribed period, the

following are the other conditions for which
the revoked certificates can be re-issued.
Which one is NOT included?
a. Reasons of equality and justice
85. ANSWER: A, A, an assault occurs when a b. Cause for the revocation has
person puts another person in fear of a harmful or disappeared or has been cured and
offensive contact. For this intentionable tort to be corrected
actionable, the patient must be aware of the threat c. Upon the application thereof and
of harmful or offensive contact. Battery is the payment of required fees
actual contact with one’s body. Negligence d. Upon the completion of one month
involves actions below the standards of care. didactic training and 3 months
Invasion of privacy occurs with unreasonable practicum
intrusion into the client’s private affairs
90. The screening of applicants by the
Professional Regulation Commission for
the Nurse Licensure Examination is a
legitimate exercise of what kind of power? 91. A client’s who is a member of the
a. Police power c. Implied Jehovah’s witnesses refuses a blood
power transfusion based on his religious beliefs
b. Express power d. Political and practices. His decision must be
power followed based on which ethical principle?
86. a. The right to die
b. Advance directive
c. The right to refuse treatment
d. Substitute judgment

92. A nurse practitioner who gives any false

evidence to the BON in order to obtain a
certificate of registration will be liable for:
a. Misdemeanor
b. Misfeasance
c. Fraudulent misrepresentation
d. Professional misconduct
87.
93. The President of the Philippines may
reappoint members of the BON. The Board
must meet the qualifications set forth by
the nursing law. Appointment by virtue of
qualification refers to:
a. Hold-over c. Merit system
b. Express d. Tenure

94. Which of the following behaviors of a nurse

constitutes negligence?
a. do not answer a call at 2 A.M. of a town
mate to help his wife who has severe
abdominal pain
b. failure to diagnose the case of ailment
88. ANSWER: A c. ignoring a complaint made by a patient
d. maintaining patient airway during the
acute stage of a cord injury

95. The bulk of responsibility is on the head

nurse when he supervises ancillary
workers based on which of the following
statutes:
a. Res ipsa loquitor
b. Unity of command
c. Respondeat superior
89. d. Legitimate authority

96. The health care system often deals with

people and thus often experiences ethical
dilemmas. Health care issues often
become an ethical dilemma because of
which of the following:
a. Decision must be made quickly often
under s stressful condition
b. Decision must be made based on
individual system
c. The choices involved do not appear to
90. be clearly right or wrong
 d. Client’s legal right co-exists with a 97. You have just been promoted as a head
health profession nurse in a newborn unit. Which of the
91. ANSWER: C, a client has the right to refuse following actions is BEST for you to do?
treatment a. Establish authority by sounding firm and
knowledgeable
b. Delegate responsibility to staff nurses
according to their abilities
c. Talk to the team leader of the staff
nurses and give her the best schedule
d. Read present hospital policies for
possible modification

92. ANSWER: C

98. Which of the following is major managerial

responsibility of the head nurse?
a. See to it that the ward is clean
b. Join the doctors during their rounds
c. Set standard of performance among the
staff nurses
d. Provide bedside nursing care to
93. ANSWER: C, selected patients

99. Assessment of staff performance is a

regular activity in your unit. As a new head
nurse, which of the following is expected of
you?
Perform an outcome evaluation
94. a. Give the staff a good evaluation so that
they will evaluate you fairly
b. Give the nurse average scores to make
room for improvement
c. Evaluate the nurses performance
according to their job description

100. With the rapid turnover of nurses

nowadays as a head nurse you are
95. ANSWER: C sometimes called to interview applicants
for a staff nurse position. Which of the
following questions is most appropriate to
ask in order to get an idea of the
applicant’s competence?
a. “Are you willing to do overtime?”
b. “Where did you take up your B.S.N.?”
c. “Do you plan to go abroad?”
96. d. “What was your last nursing
experience?”

Nothing will ever be attempted if all

possible objections must first be
overcome.
Samuel Johnson
97.

98.

99.

100.