MAMMALIA

CLASSIFICATION
 General characters
• Mammology- study of mammals
• Presence of hair
• Female have mammary glands for for suckling the young
• Skin glands such as sebaceous (oil) gland and sweat gland present
• Muscular diaphragm present between thoracic and abdominal cavity
• Dicondylic skull
• Cervical vertebrae 7 in number
• Heterodont and thecodont teeth
• Warm blooded (homeothermic)
• Small and non-nucleated R.B.C.
• Metanephric kideys
• Ureotelic excretion
• Brain highly evolved and convulated
• 4 optic lobes forms corpora quadrigemina
• Corpus callosum present connecting both cerebral hemispheres except
monotremes and marsupials
• 12 pairs of cranial nerves
• External ear opening with pinna except monotremes and middle ear with
malleus, incus and stapes
• Viviparous except egg laying monotremes
 CLASS-
MAMMALIA

SUBCLASS- SUBCLASS- SUBCLASS-

ORDER- ORDER-
MONOTREMATA MARSUPIALIA
 ORDER- MONOTREMATA
• Cloaca present
• Teeth in young beak in adult
• Oviparous with reptile like
characters
• Found only in Australian region
• Mammary glands without teats
• No corpus callosum
• Pinna absent
• No placenta
• Example- Ornithorhynchus
(Platypus/duckbill) and
Echidna (spiny anteater)
 ORDER- MARSUPIALIA
• Brood pouch or
marsupium present in
female
• Double vagina and
uterus
• Corpus callosum
absent
• Pinna present
• Example- Macropus
(kangaroo)
Marsupials after birth
 SUBCLASS- EUTHERIA
• MNEMONICS- CIDCARCHESTLPPP

• ORDER- INSECTIVOTRA
• ORDER- CHIROPTERA
• ORDER- DERMOPTERA
• ORDER- EDENTATA
• ORDER- PHOLIDOTA
• ORDER- TUBULIDENTATA
• ORDER- RODENTIA
• ORDER- LAGOMORPHA
• ORDER- CETACEA
• ORDER- SIRENIA
• ORDER- CARNIVORA
• ORDER- HYRACOIDEA
• ORDER- PROBOSCIDEA
• ORDER- PERRISODACTYLA
• ORDER- ARTIODACTYLA
• ORDER- PRIMATES
 ORDER- INSECTIVORA
• Small primitive
mammals
• Long pointed snout
• Plantigrade feet with
claws
• Nocturnal
• Dental formula=
2 3143/3143
• Example- Sorex
(shrew)
 ORDER- CHIROPTERA
• Flying mammals (bats)
• Limbs are with patagium (folds
of skin)
• Sternum with keel for
attachment of flight muscles
• Large pinnae
• Knee are directed backward
• During daytime they found
suspended by their feet
• Nocturnal
• Capable of echolocation which
helps them to locate object
during flight
• Example- Pteropus (flying fox)
 ORDER- DERMOPTERA
• Lateral furry skin form
patagium
• Gliding mammal
called flying lemur
• Nocturnal and hang
like bats
• Example-
Cynocephalus (flying
squirrel)
 ORDER- EDENTATA
• Anteaters, armadillos and
sloths
• Teeth absent in anteaters
• In armadillos and sloths
incisors and canines are
absent and molars
present without enamal
• Toes with long claws
• Example- Myrmecophaga
(giant anteater), Dasypus
(armadillo) and
Bradypus(3-toed sloth)
 ORDER- PHOLIDATA
• Body covered with
large horny scales
• No teeth
• Tongue long and
protrusible for
capturing insects
• Example- Manis
(pangolin/scaly
anteater)
 ORDER- TUBULIDENTATA
• Tongue slender and
protrusible
• Teeth lack enamal
• Ears are long, erect
and pointed
• Exampe- Orycteropus
(aardvark/cape
anteater)
 ORDER- RODENTIA
• Largest order
• Gnawing mammals
• Each jaw with one
pair of incisors
• Canines absent
• Gap between incisors
and molars is called
diastema
• Plantigrades
• Example- Rattus (rat)
 ORDER- LAGOMORPHA

• Canines absent
• Diatema present
• 2 pairs of incisor in
upper jaw
• Example- Oryctolagus
(rabbit)
 ORDER- CETACEA
• Large marine fish like
mammals
• Neck absent
• Hair present only in embryo
• Forelimbs are modifiied into
flippers
• Tail divided into horizontal
flukes
• Hindlimbs absent
• No external ears
• Blubber (fat) present beneath
skin
• Example- Delphinus (dolphin)
and Balaenoptera (blue whale)
 ORDER- SIRENIA
• Herbivores aquatic mammals
• Neck absent
• Pinna absent
• Paddle like forelimbs
• Hindlimbs absent
• Horizontal flattened tail
• Hairs few
• Clavicles absent
• Phylogenetically related to
ungulates
• Example- Halicore (dugong)
 ORDER- CARNIVORA
• Predatory flesh eating
mammals
• Claws well developed
• Canines large
• Mammae are abdominal
• Divided in two suborder
• Suborder- Fissipedia
(terrestrial forms);
Example-Panthera tigris
(tiger)
• Suborder- Pinnipedia
(marine forms)
• Example- Phoca (seal)
 ORDER- HYRACOIDEA
• Snout,ear and legs
short
• Forelimbs with 4
fingers
• Hindlimbs with 3 toes
• No canines
• Lower incisors are
comb like
• Example- Hyrax
(procavia)
 ORDER- PERRISODACTYLA
• Odd toed (1 to 3)
hoofed animals
(ungulates)
• Unguligrades
• Herbivores
• Horns absent
• Stomach is simple
• Example- Equus
(horse)
 ORDER- ARTIODACTYLA
• Even toed (2 to 4) hoofed
animals (ungulates)
• Somach complex (4
chambered)
• Ruminants except pigs
• Horns or antlers may
present
• herbivores
• Example- Bubalus (water
buffalo)
 ORDER- PROBOSCIDEA
• Largest living land animals
• Pinna large
• Skin thick and hairless
• Nose and upper lip modified as
an elongated flexible trunk
• Two upper incisors elongated
as ivory tusks
• Legs pillar like not bend at
knees
• Example- Elephas maximus
(indian elephant)
 ORDER- PRIMATES
• Nails present
• High intelligence quotient
• Eyes turned forward for
binocular vision
• First finger opposable
forms thumb
• Primarily arboreal
• Includes monkeys, apes
and humans
• Example- Homo sapiens