1SIOn

VI
of education and health facilities
)
Frovision of minimum facilities like drinking water, housing facilities
of the society to the deprived secti

N.C.E.R.T. EXERCISES
Q.1. Fill in the blanks
using the correct option given in the
(i) Employment in the service sector brackets
increased to the same extent as production.
(i1) Workers in the has/has not)
sector do notproduce goods. (tertiary/agricultura)
(iii) Most of the workers in the, sector enjoy job security. (organised/unorganised)
(iv) A proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector.
large/small)
(o) Cotton is a. product and cloth is a. product. (natural/manufactured)
(vi) The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are.

(independent/interdependent)
 Ans. (i) has not (ii) tertiary
(in) organised (iv) large
(v) natural; manufactured (vi) interdependent
Q.2. Choose the most appropriate answer
the basis of:
(a) The sectors are classified into public and private sector on
() employment conditions
(i) the nature of economic activity
(ii) ownership of enterprises
(io) number of workers employed in the enterprise
Ans. (ii) ownership of enterprises.
() Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process,
is an activity in
sector.

() primary (i) secondary

(ii) tertiary (iv) information technology
Ans. () primary
c)GDP is the total value of. -produced during a particular year.
) all goods and services (i) all final goods and services
(i#) all intermediate goods and services (iv) all intermediate and final goods and services
Ans. () all final goods and services
d) In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between. per cent.
)20 to 30 () 30 to 40 (ii) 50 to 60 (iv) 60 to 70
Ans. (i) 50 to 60
Q.3. Match the following:
Problems faced by farming sector Some possible measures
1. Unirigated land (a) Setting up agro-based mills
2. Low prices for crops (b) Cooperative marketing societies
3. Debt burden () Procurement of food grains by government
4. No job in the off season
(d) Construction of canals by the government
5. Compelled to sell their grains to
)Banks to provide credit with low
the local traders soon after harvest interest
Ans. 1. Unirrigated land
(d) Construction of canals by the
2. Low prices for crops government
(c) Procurement of food grains by
3. Debt burden goverrment
) Banks to provide credit with low interest
4. No job in the off season
(a) Setting up agro-based mills
5. Compelled to sell their grains to (b)
the local traders soon after harvest Cooperative marketing societies
Q4. Find the odd one out and say
why.
() Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter
(i) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor,
lawyer
(1) Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable
(iv) MTNL, Indian Railways, Air
Ans. ) Tourist guide because he is
India, Jet Airways, All India
from organised sector. Radio
( Vegetable vendor because he is from
(it) Cobbler because he is from unorganised sector.
employees. unorganised sector/tertiary sector while others are
g o v e r n m e n t

(io) Jet Airways because it is from 8

private sector; rest are from
public sector.
 Comip

Ans. (a) Complete table is given below:

Place Nature of Percentage of
of work employment working people
Organisedd 15
(1) In offices and factories registered with the government 15
Organised
(2) Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with
formal license
Unorganised 20
(3) People working on the street, construction workeTs
domestic workers 50
Unorganised
(4) Working in small workshops usually
not registered with the government
sector 15 + 15 30 per cent.
=

(b) () Organised
70 per cent
ti) Unorganised sector 20+50
100%. tertiary
Note: Total working people is
and
economic activities
into primary, secondary
classification of
Q.6. Do you think the
how. are employed.
sectors is useful ? Explain where the people of a country
on how and
the GDP and employment.
information
Ans. Useful: (i) It provides sector towards
know the c o n t r i b u t i o n of each
sector. If there is any
shortcoming the
(1) It helps to each
development and progress of
(11) It helps to know the
take action accordingly. takes necessary steps for the
government can sectors the government
condition of various
(10) After knowing the employment
should one focus on

growth of the economy. c a m e a c r o s s in this chapter, why ? Discuss.

For each of the sectors
that we be examined
7.
issues which should as
mentioned
to the
reasons
there be other and GDP due
and GDP ? Could employment
sectors we
focus o n

) For each of the three

For example, by comparing
below: in that sector. continues to be
the largest
number of people employed sector
( T o know the 2011-12 the primary
1972-73 and
sectors w e know
that in
1973-74 and 2013-
employer even now. remained higher in
share of the
tertiary sector
in GDP, the
(1) Of the share
generation
concusions regarding
draw accordingly.
14 and e m p l o y m e n t
we can
and take
necessary steps
o n GDP sectors welfare.
) Thus, focusing in d i f f e r e n t work, efficiency, public
opportunities
conditions of laws such as
of n e w employment issues such a s follow
various
other should
should be laid
on
employer
(b) () Focus
should be regular and the
living. In what
(7) Employment
and M i n i m u m Wages
Act.
around you doing fora
Factories Act find adults
lllinda
n f w o r k that you
 washerman, electrician, shopkeeper, milk
Ans. (a) List of working adults: Engineer, doctor, selle dor,
employee, zamindar, vegetable eller, domestic help,
agent, professor, government
insurance
factory owner.
(b) Classification of above kinds of work
() Primary sector : Zamindar (landowner).
() Secondary sector: Factory owner.
washerman, electrician, shopkeeper, milk vend
(ii) Tertiary sector: Engineer, doctor, vegetable
ndor,
vendor and domestic P
government employee, help.
insuranceagent, professor, doctor.
(o) Organised sector Engineer, insurance agent and
sector: Washerman, vegetable
vendor, milk vendor, shopkeeper, electrirician
() Unorganised
and domestic help.
and professor in a government college.
(oi) Public sector: Government employee
(vii) Private sector: Engineer and doctor.
How is sector different from other sectors
? Illustrate with a few examples.
Q.9. tertiary
mentioned below
Ans. The tertiary sector is different from other sectors as
()The activities of the tertiary sector help in the development of primary and secondary sectors rs.
(i) These activities, by themselves, do not produce goods, but they are an aid or a support for the
production process. For example, transport system helps in taking goods from the factorv to
markets for the purpose of selling or storing in godowns.
ii) It provides telephones and other products for communication to the traders. Banks provide

money to help production and trade.

io) Thus, transport, storage, communication etc. are tertiary activities. On the other hand, primary
sector forms the base for all products that we subsequently make. Minerals and ores are
natural products which are converted into other forms by manufacturing. Sugar is made from
sugarcane.
Q.10. What do you understand by disguised unemployment ? Explain with an example each from the
urban and rural areas.
Ans. (a) () Disguised unemployment is a situation in which more people are engaged in an activity
than the required ones.
(i) Under this unemployment even if the surplus people are removed from work, the
production does not suffer.
(6) Examples : () Rural areas: In rural areas more people are employed in agriculture than
necessary. Even if some are removed, the production will not be affected.
() Urban areas: There are thousands of casual workers in the service sector in urban areas
who search for daily employment.
They are employed as painters and plumbers etc. ady
of them do not find work
everyday. They may spend the whole day but earn very irue
They doing
are this work
they because do not have
better opportunities.
[Link] between open unemployment and disguised
unemployment.
Ans. The differences between open
unemployment and disguised unemployment are as
me
Zoned

below
Open unemployment
(1) Open Disguised unemployment
unemployment implies a situation(1) Disguised situation.
yment is a
when a person is unable to find unemployment in an
gainful work or job. any inwhich more people areengagedin
(2) A person is able and activity than the required oones. actually
hualy
does not find
willing to work but (2) A person gets work and is
that he
gainful work. He does
nothing engaged in such an activityhe is not
but
appears to be employed work
upto

oes not
fully employed. He
his full canacity
 Q.12. tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy."
The
Do you ? Give reasons in
agree support of your answer.
Ans.
he tertiary sector is not playing any significarnt role in the development of Indian economy" is
partially correct due to reasons as mentioned below:
() In 2013-14, the tertiary
the year sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India
replacing the primary sector.
(1) While there has been change in the share of the three sectors in
a
GDP, a similar shift has not
taken place in
(in) The
employment.
primary sector continues to be the largest employer even noW.
(io) While the production in the tertiary sector
service (service sector) rose by 14 times, employment in the
sector rose by around five
times.
() New services such as based
on information technology have become but there are
a
large number of workers (shopkeepers, repair persons) who important,
very
persons cannot play any important role in the
barely earn living. Such
a

Q.13. Service sector in India employs

development of Indian economy.
two different kinds of
Ans. Service sector in India people. Who are these ?
employs two different kinds of people as mentioned below:
() There are highly skilled and educated workers such as teachers and
doctors.
(ii) On the other hand, a large number of workers are engaged in services such as small shopkeepers,
repair persons etc. who barely manage to earn a living. They
they do not have any other work to do. perform these services because
Q.14. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do
you agree with this view ? Give reasons in
support of your answer.
Ans. It is fact that the workers are
a
exploited in the unorganised sector due to the following reasons:
(i) The unorganised sector consists of small and scattered units which are largely outside the
control of the government.
(i) There are rules and regulations but generally these are not followed by the
employers.
(iii) Workers are employed on irregular basis. They are low paid and there is no provision for
overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness and other facilities e.g., provident fund.
(iv) Jobs are not secured. They can be asked to leave without any reason at the sweet will of the
employer.
() Workers in this sector face social discrimination too because most of them belong to Scheduled
Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes.
(vi) Some workers who do repair work etc. are also exploited as they do not get regular work.
Q.15. How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?
Ans. Organised sector and unorganised sector.
Q16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.
Or
Rohan works in a bank as a clerk while Sumit works on a construction site as a labourer.
Describe difference in their conditions of work and judge benefits and drawbacks of working
in the respective sectors. ICBSE 2018]
Ans. The conditions in the organised and unorganised sectors are as follows:

Organised sector Unorganised sector

1Terms of employment are regular. 1. Terms of employment are not regular.
2. They are not registered with the
2. They are registered with the govt.
government.
3. No such acts are followed.
3. Various laws such as Wages Act, Payment
of Gratuity Act are followed.
 4It has some formal processes and 4. There are no formal
processes
procedures. and
procedures.
5. They do not have fixed hours
5. They have fixed working hours. They get
regular salary and facilities such as PE facilities such as PF Provident and
(Provident Fund)
Fund)
6. They get paid holidays. 6. No paid holidays are given.
7. Formal appointment letters are issued. 7. Appointment letters are issued butthey
can bechanged by the employer.
8. After retirement workers get pension, 8. No pension, gratuity etc. is granted
gratuity etc.
Q.17. Explain the objective ofimplementing the NREGA 2005.
Ans. () The ie., National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 is
objective of NREGA 2005 to
implement the right to work.
(7) The Act has to be implemented in 200 districts
(ii) Under this Act, all those who are able to, and are in need of work have been guaranteed 100
days of employment in a year by the government.
(iv) If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment
allowance to the people.
Q.18. Using examples from your area compare and contrast the activities and functions of private and
public sectors.
Ans. The activities and functions of private and public sectors in our area may be compared as

mentioned below:
Private sector Publicsector
(1) The vegetable shops, grocery shops, sweet (1) Mother Dairy booths which sell
shops etc. are in private sector. vegetables,fruits, milkand milk products
are in public sector.
(2) These are owned by private individuals. (2) These are owned by public sector
undertaking Mother Dairy
Q.19. Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area:

Well managed Badly managed

organisation organisation
Public
sector
Private
sector

Ans. Well managed Badly managed

organisation organisation
Public DMRC Students may fill
sector themselves
Private Private Nursing Homes Students may fill
sector or Hospitals themselves

Q.20. Give few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them
up.
Ans. (a) Few examples of public sector activities are as mentioned below:

) Electricity production and distribution.

-

(i) Selling of food grains

-
wheat and rice.
 (i1) Health and education.
(iv) Safe drinking water.
(w) Housing facilities for the poor.
(vi) To take care of the poorest and ignored regions.
(b)The government takes up the public sector activities due to following reason
The modern state is a welfare state which looks after the interests of the people. The ment
for the
raises through ways and spends on public sector activities
taxes and other
money
welfare of the people.
Q.21. Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation. [CBSE 2018)
Ans. () In public sector the government provides services such as Railways for the welfare of the
people, traders and industrialists.
( Public sector helps in development by creating infrastructure.
(i) It helps in the development of small, mediunm and cottage industries.
(io) It contributes to community development ie., to the Human Development Index via healtn
and educational facilities.
( ) It tries to ensure equality of income and wealth and thus a balanced regional development.
(oi) It ensures easy availability of goods at moderate rates.
o.22 The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues: wages, satety
and health. Explain with examples.
Ans. ( Wages The workers in the unorganised sector do not get minimum wage fixed by the
government. They are not paid any allowances like dearness allowance or city compensatory
allowance.
This
(ii) Safety No safety measures are taken in the factories for the protection of the workers.
results in injuries or death of labourers in the factory in case of fire or any other accident.
medical facilities. They
(ii) Health : The workers in the unorganised sector are not provided any
conditions are not hygienic.
get themselves treated by private doctors. Sometimes the working
facilities affect their health and
They are not paid medical allowance too. Lack of medical
efficiency. worked in the
Q.23. A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000
in this year (1997-98) was 60,000 million. Out
unorganised sector. The total income of the city
sector. Present this data as a table. What
of this 32,000 million was generated in the organised in the city ?
kind of should be thought of for generating more employment
ways
table:
Ans. (a) The data is given below as a
Number of workers Income
Sector Year 32,000 million
1997-98 4,00,000
Organised T 28,000 million
Unorganised 1997-98 11,00,000
Total
15,00,000 60,000 million
be taken by the government for generating more
(b) The following ways o r steps should
employment in the city:
and at cheap rate especially to the
) Electricity should be provided
to the factories regularly
bear part of the cost.
small units. Government should
to set up factories or small units.
(i) Adequate land should be given to people
at less rate of interest.
(ii) Financial assistance should be given
available to the factory owners and other small unit
(iv) Raw materials should be made
holders.
available.
() Transport and other facilities should be made