INTRODUCTION
The idea of “global city” has a place in understanding contemporary
spatial patterns of globalization; the ways it impacts on local life is nowhere more
visible than in the global city. The global city therefore is the main physical and
geographic playground of the globalizing forces; population concentration and
mixing, the global flows of people,capital and ideas woven into the daily lived
experiences of its residents.
Therefore, global city can be a vision or scary. It attracts migrants and
visitors but it does not accept all newcomers with the same welcome and it does
not treat all its residents with the same benevolence. Scumpering business people
and highly paid professionals maybe living a diverse dream at least in short
episode while mostly hidden from sight in the global city are its marginal
dwellers; sweat shop workers, poorly paid labor in the grey economy, asylum
seekers, undocumented immigrants,women trafficked for sex work, drug dealers
and addicts and the homeless.
Global city are hubs of innovation, creativity and productivity and the
creators of new trends and fashions but also concentrations of demi-monde and
social ills of all kinds.
CONTEMPORARY WORLD UNIT 4- GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY
This chapter focuses on the issues of mobility, diversity and
community.it discusses the diversity of intercultural contact and demographic
variety.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this unit, students will be able to:
1. analyze the effects of living in a global city;
2. discuss the importance of demography in relation to globalization; and
3. identify the cause and effect of global migration.
ACTIVATING PRIOR LEARNING
Telecommunications making distance seem to disappear
(In what ways do you participate in this process?).
a. Do you have a member of your family who is working/ living
outside the country?
b. How do you communicate with each other? Video call?
c. How many times do you communicate? Daily? Weekly? Monthly?
d. What was the feeling when you talk with each other?
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TOPIC
10
GLOBAL CITY
“A city is not gauged by its length and width, but by the broadness of its
vision and the height of its dream”
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After discussing the topic, students will be able to:
1. define Global City;
2. identify the advantages and disadvantages of living in a global
city;
3. enumerate reasons why people prefers to live in a global city/or
in a countryside and
4. determine the role of global city in the world economy.
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PRESENTATION OF LEARNING CONTENT
WHAT IS “GLOBAL CITY”?
It is barely surprising that the idea of “global city” emerged in the social science.
Literature in the 1980’s, shortly after the concept of globalization captured the
social scientific imagination, becoming one of its powerful notional gravitational
pulls. However, the idea of global city was hardly new at the time, and as a
phenomenon Global cities, either as centers of imperial powers or free cities at the
crossroads o International merchant routes, existed since ancient times.
What therefore is the “global city” a global city is characterized by its strength
in shaping, economic, social and cultural links to the rest of the world including
its ability to influence the flow of resources, capital, innovations and
knowledge.The effects of global city and reasons why we want to live in a global
city are:
The world top most influential cities: London, New York, Paris,
Singapore,Tokyo, Hongkong, Dubai, Beijing. A global city is a city that has the power to
effect global issues and change the global outlook. It can be done through varied set of
systems from politics to military and economic controlling and adapting the route the
global economy takes. A world city is a city that is a major centre for finace,trade,
business, politics, culture, science Information gathering and mass media. It is one that
serves the whole world and can be considered and important multinational city. The
safest cities around the world are; Toronto, Canada, Melbourne, Australia, Amsterdam,
Sydney, Stockholm,Sweden, Hongkong, Zurich,Switzerland; Frankfurt,Germany. A
global city are also called world city, alpha city or world center. The main characteristics
of a global city is economic power. It is therefore correct that economic power
determines which among the cities are considered global city. New York may have the
largest stock market and Shanghai may have the smallest stock market but plays a vital
role in the global economic chain since China became the manufacturing center of the
world. Economic opportunities in a global city makes it very attractive to people across
the world. Filipino nurses, engineers, IT programmers , etc. prefers to work in other
countries due to better pay, better benefits and better work environment.
There are measurements of economic competitiveness of a city, like market size,
purchasing power of citizen, size of the middle class and a potential for growth for that
particular City. Global cities are centers of higher learning and culture. Many people
wanted to visit a city for a reason, like if you want to go to Boston, you want to visit the
world top university, Harvard University, Australia for its leading English language
universities, Los Angeles for Center of the American film industry, Singapore, it houses
some of the region’s top television stations and news organizations, art galleries and
cinemas. Today, global cities become culturally diverse, conjure up images of a fast-
paced lifestyles, they can be sites of great inequality , poverty and violence, global cities
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can create winners and losers. But in most global cities, globalization creates high income
jobs that are concentrated in global cities.A large global city may be a paradise to many
people but can also be a hell to some.
APPLICATION
Research on the criteria and characteristics of a certain place to become a city and
report in class.
FEEDBACK
Download the top ten great/known cities of the world and know the history that
made them great or known.
REFERENCES
Saskia Sassen: ‘The Global City: A New Frontier
Global City: Encyclopedia of Urban Studies
The Contemporary World by Lisandro E. Claudio and Patricio N.
Abinales
The Contemporary World by Prince Kennex Reguyal Aldama
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TOPIC
11
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
“As we encounter each other, we see our diversity-belief – and how we
handle that diversity will have much to say about whether we will in the end be
able to rise successfully to the great challenges we face today.”
Dan Smith
INTRODUCTION
In this topic you will learn about the theory of demographic transition
which is a model used to study and predict population changes. It explains the
mortality and fertility rates of each country, what causes its increase and its
decline.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After discussing the topic, students will be able to:
1. discuss the theory of demographic transition as it affects global
population;
2. identify the effects of overpopulation and aging population and
3. make a comparison of population base on factors such as age, race, sex,
etc. among countries in Asia through a graphical presentation.
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PRESENTATION OF LEARNING CONTENT
Differences in family determine economic and social policies that countries
dexterity regarding their respective population.
Having a child is a manifestation of a complete family, but how many children
should you bear? Having a child or no child is motivated by economics. Will the
child be an asset or a liability to the family, community or to the nation?
In the rural areas, there are families who have more children because their
mentality is that their children are their wealth there will be more to work in the
fields and there might be one of them who will succeed and change their
economic life.
In the cities, they have less children because they have to be sure of the
education of their children and there is a high standard of living in the cities
therefore they consider how far their income can go.
” Population change over time”. The growth or decline of a population can
have an effect on the quality of life for people within that population.
Demography is the statistical study of population based on factors such as age,
race and sex. Governments, corporations and non- government organization use
demographics to learn more about a population’s characteristics for many
purposes including policy development and economic market research.
Substantial definitions of demography, types of demographics, trends and
patterns will be discussed. Different views and data will be presented. The
students will be expected to report their findings on global demography. Why is it
important to study global demography?
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The above table shows the population of Asia and the world and trends in urbanization rate.
The study of demography is important as it allows us to study the nature in
which our population changes over time, and this is important as it allows us to
study how changes to
the population such as aging population phenomenon can lead to a decrease in
GDP and also increase in mechanization of jobs and production in developed
countries.
In Malthusian theory of population claims that in poor countries,”
population grows faster than food supply”
There are many reasons why this occurrence happens to poor countries. Rapid
growth of population could be due to
a. lack or absence of adequate knowledge of the people regarding natural and
safe method or measures on family planning
b. insufficient fund to finance the cost of information-dissemination
c. inability of parents to send their children to school for functional
education and training
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On the other hand, it should be understood that, large number of population is
not at all bad or disadvantageous. There are countries that experiences shortage in
human resources to work that’s why they encourage other nationalities to come
and work and stay with them.
Recent study will tell us that there are three babies born every minute,
demographers predicts that by the middle of this century, there will be countries
that will double if not triple their population if it is left unchecked. Demographers
also predicts that the world population can still be stabilize.
“The FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization warns that in order for
countries to mitigate the impact of population growth, food production must
increase to 70%.” They therefore enjoin governments to keep their markets open
and move eventually towards a global trading system that is fair and competitive
and that contributes to a dependable market for food.
Different versions of family life determine the economic and social policies
that each country formulates regarding their population. Development planners
can picture urbanization or industrialization as an indicator of a developing
society but they disagree on the role of population growth. There should be a
promotion of global population control to reduce the growth rate.
By reducing the population, important resources can be utilize for economic
progress and not to be wasted to feeding more mouths. That’s why government
should create policies to combat population explosion
APPLICATION
1. Direction: Write an essay or a short research paper to discuss the topic:
“Has the Philippines undergone the demographic transition? Why or why
not?”
2. Direction: Using the world map or the globe, travel students to the
different parts of the world. Then let them identify which among the
countries is the largest, thickly populated, etc.
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FEEDBACK
Direction: Read the topic; “Theory of Demographic Transition : Three Centuries
of Fundamental change” by Ronald Lee and answer the following questions:
1. What is demographic transition theory of population?
2. What are 5 stages of demographic transition?
3. What countries are in stage 4 of the demographic transition model?
REFERENCES
1. The Contemporary World by Lisandro e. Claudio and Patricio N. Abinales
2. “The Demographic Transition: Three Centuries of Fundamental Change”
by Ronald Lee
3. “The Unfolding Story of the Second Demographic Transition” by Ron
Lesthaeghe
4. “ Journal of Economic Perspectives”, by Ronal Lee
5. World Map
6. Globe
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TOPIC
12
GLOBAL MIGRATION
“Migration powers economic growth, reduces inequalities and connects
diverse societies. Yet it is also a source of political tensions and human
tragedies.”
Antonio Guteres
INTRODUCTION
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In this topic, Global Migration can be understood as a cause and effect
relationship, though the causes are just as numerous as their effects. People move
across international borders for a variety of reasons. Some of the reasons that
trigger global migration can be explained by what’s known as Push-Pull factor.
Pull factors are factors in the destination country that attract the individual or
group to leave their home. A Push factor refers to the condition which force
people to leave homes. Whether individuals migrate due to push or pull factors,
there are undeniable benefits involved with adapting to a new country.
Global Migration is debated just about as often as it is misunderstood.
However, the reasons why people migrate differ depending on an individual
situation.
And in this topic, we will explore what exactly is global migration, dissect its
current state, highlight some of the factors that cause global migration and study
the pros and cons associated with global migration.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing this topic, students will be able to:
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1. identify the cause and effect of Global Migration;
2. involve yourself in gathering data and
3. narrate experience in interviewing a former or a current OFW about
transnationalism and the factors that affects global migration.
PRESENTATION OF LEARNING CONTENT
What is Migration? Migration is the movement of people from
one place to another. It maybe within a particular place or outside a
particular place. There are groups of people who moves to a
particular place due to the following reasons;
1. Those who move to another country permanently
2. Those who move to work as contract workers
3. Those who move illegally
4. Those who move because they were petitioned
5. Those who move to seek asylum
6. Those who were unable to move because they have fear of
persecution.
Records will show that there were people who are currently living
outside their birth place due to economic reasons, they seek for a greener
pasture.
The influx of migrants has been the problem of receiving countries
because they are not sure if they will be an asset or a liability to the government.
Government should have an existing policy on how they can control the flooding
of migrants. There are cases wherein countries are faced with issues on the
entrance of illegal migrants wherein there were attempts to build walls just so
they can control the entrance and exits of people.
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For this, government do not have a choice but to generate jobs for those skilled
workers because their presence will give an increase in their gross domestic
product. And because of these, different countries will do the same by sharing
resources with each other the only fear is that if there will be an influx of illegal
migrants who does illegal things in receiving countries.
APPLICATION
1. Direction: Each student is asked to interview a former or current OFW
(face -to-face or online) by asking the following questions:
a. What push you to decide to work as an Overseas Contract Worker?
b. Who among those people is worth spending your precious time with
despite distance together?
c. Whenever you go home, do you feel like you are a stranger to family
and friends?
d. Is working abroad an instrument in achieving your goals?
e. Have you ever think of coming home for good? Or a plan of living
there for good?
There are places where tourist, migrants, foreigners frequently visit. Choose a
place where the following people would likely to visit and answer the following
questions;
a. Family
b. Workers
c. Entrepreneurs
d. Senior Citizen
a. What are the things that this people need that this place can provide?
b. How can this place improve the number of arrivals? How can this
place limits the arrivals?
FEEDBACK
Direction: Read the topic “International Migration at the Beginning of the
Twenty-First Century: Global Trends and Issues”. Answer the following
questions;
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1. What is the most obvious cause of migration?
2. What are possible reasons why people want to migrate? What
influences their choice?
3. With the presence of migrants, will they not steal what is
supposed to be for us? Like job opportunities?
REFERENCES
• “ International Migration At The Beginning of the Twenty-First Century:
Global Trends And Issues” by Stephen Castles
• “ Differentiating Sedimented from Modular Transnationalism: The View
from East Asia”. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal by Filomeno
Aguilar
• Saskia Sassen: ‘The Global City: A New Frontier
• The Contemporary World by Lisandro e. Claudio and Patricio N. Abinales
• The Contemporary World by Prince Kennex Reguyal Aldama
SUMMARY
Global cities are urban areas that enjoys significant competitive
advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system. Global
cities are culturally striking due to their cultural atmosphere and diversity, such
characteristics make them attractive to immigrants and tourist alike. A global city
is characterized by its strength in shaping economic. Social and cultural links to
the rest of the world including its ability to influence the flow of resources,
capital, innovation and knowledge.
Demography is a multifaceted discipline that requires the integration of
various social scientific data. Limiting population there will be important
resources that could be used for economic progress and not be diverted and
squandered to feeding more people.
Government should be responsible in nurturing its people by educating them to
become assets of the nation regardless whether there are lest or more people
living in a particular place.
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Therefore, there is no complete interdisciplinary account of globalization
without knowing its people.
REFLECTION
Direction: Divide the class into groups and share your observation and experience
in your travel around the world.
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