PMA Mathematics Set 1:
Reviewer Arithmetic and Number
Answer Key Sense
1) Answer: C
Explanation: By applying the order of operations or PEMDAS:
(3 + -5)2 - (-2) x 3
(2)2 - (-2) x 3 Parenthesis
4 - (-2) x 3 Exponent
4 - (-6) Multiplication
10 Subtraction
Thus, the answer is 10.
2) Answer: B
Explanation: To compute for the half of 4/3, we divide this fraction by 2:
4
3
÷ 2
4 1
3
× 2
4 2
6
𝑜𝑟 3
Thus, half of 4/3 is ⅔
3) Answer: B
Explanation: The cost of 8 kg of tomatoes is PHP 82.00. In ratio form, we can write it as 8 : 82.
Let us represent the price of 2 ½ kilograms of tomatoes as P. Therefore, we have the ratio 2 ½ :
P.
Now, let us form the proportion:
8 : 82 = 2 ½ : P
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PMA Mathematics Set 1:
Reviewer Arithmetic and Number
Answer Key Sense
To make our computation easier, let us rewrite 2 ½ into 2.5 (since ½ is equal to 0.5):
8 : 82 = 2.5 : P
In a proportion, the product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes:
8P = 82 x 2.5
8P = 205
Dividing both sides of the equation by 8 to solve for P:
P = 205 ÷ 8
P = 25.625
Thus, the price of 2 ½ kilos of tomatoes is PHP 25.625.
4) Answer: C
Explanation: ⅕ of the sum of ⅔ and ¼ can be expressed as a mathematical sentence as shown
below:
1 2 1
5
× (3 + 4
)
2 1
Let us start by adding the quantities inside the parentheses which are 3
+ 4
. Since they are
dissimilar fractions, we make them similar first using their Least Common Denominator (which is
12). To do this, we divide their LCD by their denominators then multiply the result by their
numerator. The resulting number will be the new numerators of the fractions and their new
denominators will be the LCD.
For instance, to transform ⅔, we divide 12 by its denominator (which is 3): 12 ÷ 3 = 4. Then, we
multiply the result by the numerator: 4 x 2 = 8. Hence, ⅔ becomes 8/12.
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PMA Mathematics Set 1:
Reviewer Arithmetic and Number
Answer Key Sense
We do the same process to transform ¼: 12 ÷ 4 = 3 x 1 = 3. Thus, ¼ becomes 3/12.
Now, we can add the transformed fractions 8/12 and 3/12 by just adding their numerators and
copying their common denominator: 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12.
1 2 1
5
× (3 + 4
)
1 11
5
× ( 12 )
Now, let us multiply the sum to ⅕:
1 11 11
5
× 12
= 60
Thus, the answer is 11/60.
5) Answer: D
Explanation: Let us apply the order of operations or PEMDAS to simplify the mathematical
3 2 1 2
expression (− 2
) ÷ (4 − 4
)
3 2 1 2
(− 2
) ÷ (4 − 4
)
1 2
We start by computing for the expression inside the parentheses which is 4
− 4
. Since these
fractions are similar (i.e. having the same denominator), we just subtract their numerators and
1 2 1
then copy their common denominator ( 4 − 4
= − 4
).
3 2 1
(− 2
) ÷ (− 4
) Parenthesis
9 1
4
÷ − 4
Exponent
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PMA Mathematics Set 1:
Reviewer Arithmetic and Number
Answer Key Sense
3 2 3 2
Note: (− 2
) is evaluated by applying the power of the quotient rule. (− 2
) can be written as
2
−3 9
2 = 4
2
9 1
4
÷ − 4
9 4 −36
4
× − 1
= 4
= −9
Therefore, the final answer is -9.
6) Answer: A
Explanation: The cost of a candy bar is PHP 14.50. This means that if Samantha bought 3
candy bars, the total cost of these bars is 14.50 x 3 = PHP 43.50. If Samantha paid the cashier
PHP 100, then her change is PHP 100 - PHP 43.50 = PHP 56.50
7) Answer: B
Explanation: For every three families, Kaagapay gives 14 relief packs. We can express this in
ratio form as 3 : 14. The question asks us how many packs will 27 families receive. Let n be the
number of packs that 27 families will receive. With this, our second ratio will be 27 : n.
To solve for n, we form this proportion:
3 : 14 = 27 : n
In a proportion, the product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes:
3(n) = 14(27)
3n = 378
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PMA Mathematics Set 1:
Reviewer Arithmetic and Number
Answer Key Sense
To solve for n, we divide 378 by 3:
n = 378 ÷ 3 = 126
Hence, 27 families will receive 126 relief packs from Kaagapay.
8) Answer: A
Explanation: In this problem, a given rope that is 24 meters long was divided into two parts in a
ratio of 1 : 3. To determine the length of each part, we use a common factor that must be
multiplied by each component of the ratio such that we obtain their actual measurements.
Let f be this common factor. This means that the lengths of each part are f (or 1f) and 3f.
The original length of the rope is 24 meters. This implies that the sum of f and 3f should be 24.
f + 3f = 24
Let us solve for f:
f + 3f = 24
4f = 24
Dividing both sides by 4:
4f/4 = 24/4
f=6
Using the computed value of f, we can now identify the lengths of each portion of the rope. One
part is f meters long. Since f = 6, then the first part is 6 meters. Meanwhile, the other part is 3f
meters long. Since f = 6, then the second part is 3(6) = 18 meters.
Therefore, the lengths of the two parts of the rope are 6 meters and 18 meters.
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PMA Mathematics Set 1:
Reviewer Arithmetic and Number
Answer Key Sense
9) Answer: D
Explanation: We need to determine 72% of 25. Note that 72% of 25 is also equivalent to 25%
of 72. We know that when obtaining the 25% of a number, we can just simply divide the given
number by 4. Thus, let us divide 72 by 4:
72 ÷ 4 = 18
This means that 72% of 25 is 18. Therefore, 18 of the participants are physicists.
10) Answer: A
Explanation: To compute the value of (-45 x -23) ÷ (19 - 24), we need to apply the standard
order of operations or PEMDAS.
P in PEMDAS stands for Parenthesis which means that we must prioritize the operations that
are inside the parentheses, since there are two pairs of parentheses in our case, we have to do
them simultaneously:
(-45 x -23) ÷ (19 - 24)
1035 ÷ -5
The remaining operation we have is division, so let us divide -1035 by -5. Since both numbers
were negative, then we expect that our quotient is positive.
1035 ÷ − 5 =− 207
To conclude, the answer to this problem is -207.
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