COMBINED RESOLUTIONS

IMPLEMENTATION OF REVISED B.D.S REGULATIONS for

4yr B.D.S COURSE, 2011

DCI Letter [Link]-130-2011, dated 26/08/2011

[Link] Vidyapeeth, Board of Management, vide notification No- BM-

39-11, dated 05/12/2011.
DCI Notification in Gazette of India extraordinary No. DE-130-2011, dated
25/08/2011.

The Hon’ble Vice Chancellor is pleased to order the implementation of the

“Revised DCI Regulations for the BDS course, 3rd amendment, 2011.”This
notification is valid for all students admitted from 2008-2009. The students
appearing for final BDS exam shall be required to appear for the following
subjects:
1-Oral Medicine & Radiology
2-Oral Surgery
3-Periodontics
4-Prosthodontics
5-Conservative Dentistry
6-Community Dentistry
7-Orthodontics
8-Pedodontics.

SYLLABUS SPLIT INTO MUST KNOW (80%) AND DESIRABLE TO

KNOW (20%)
Passed by the [Link] Vidyapeeth, Board of Management, vide
notification No- BM-21(i)-13, dated 17/08/2013.

REVISED INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME 2011

DCI Letter [Link]-130-2011, dated 26/08/2011.
Dr. [Link] Vidyapeeth, Board of Management, vide notification No- BM-
15 (I) -12, dated 23/10/2012.
DCI Notification in Gazette of India extraordinary No. DE-130-2011, dated
25/08/2011. Annexure-A
- BM-08(iv)-14 dt 28/01/2014 Regarding changes in Prosthetic
Dentistry MDS Exam Pattern
- BM-08(v)-14 dt 28/01/2014 Regarding changes in Internship Quota
in Prosthetic Dentistry.
- BM-32-14(i) dt 18/07/2014 Regarding changes in syllabus.

1
 Student Attributes

Aims:
To create a graduate in Dental Science who has adequate knowledge,
necessary skills and such attitudes which are required for carrying out
all the activities appropriate to general dental practice involving the
prevention, diagnosis and treatment of anomalies and diseases of the
teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues. The graduate should also
understand the concept of community oral health education and be able
to participate in the rural health care delivery programmes existing in
the country.

Objectives
The objectives are dealt under three headings namely (a) knowledge
and understanding (b) skills and (c) attitudes.

(a) Knowledge and Understanding

The student should acquire the following during the period of
training.
1. Adequate knowledge of the scientific foundations on which
dentistry is based and good understanding of various relevant
scientific methods, principles of biological functions and should
be able to evaluate and analyse scientifically various established
facts and data.
2. Adequate knowledge of the development, structure and function
of the teeth, mouth and jaws and associated tissues both in health
and disease and their relationship and effect on general-state of
health and also the bearing on physical and social well-being of
the patient.
3. Adequate knowledge of clinical disciplines and methods, which
provide a coherent picture of anomalies, lesions and diseases of
the teeth, mouth and jaws and preventive, diagnostic and
therapeutic aspects of dentistry.
4. Adequate clinical experience required for general dental practice.
5. Adequate knowledge of biological function and behavior of
persons in health and sickness as well as the influence of the
natural and social environment on the state of health so far as it
affects dentistry.

2
(b) Skills
A graduate should be able to demonstrate the following skills
necessary for practice of dentistry:
1. Able to diagnose and manage various common dental problems
encountered in general dental practice, keeping in mind the
expectations and the right of the society to receive the best
possible treatment available wherever possible.
2. Acquire skill to prevent and manage complications if
encountered while carrying out various dental surgical and other
procedures.
3. Possess skill to carry out required investigative procedures and
ability to interpret laboratory findings.
4. Promote oral health and help to prevent oral diseases wherever
possible.
5. Competent in control of pain and anxiety during dental treatment.

(c) Attitudes
A graduate should develop during the training period the
following attitudes.
1. Willing to apply current knowledge of dentistry in the best
interest of the patients and the community.
2. Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct and
apply these in all aspects of professional life.
3. Seek to improve awareness and provide possible solutions for
oral health problems and needs throughout the community.
4. Willingness to participate in the continuing education
programmes to update knowledge and professional skills from
time to time.
5. To help and to participate in the implementation of national
health programmes.

3
 TEACHING HOURS

Teaching hours for each subject from first to final year – Theory and
Practical are shown in the following Table.

TABLE - I Subjects and Hours of Instruction (B.D.S Course)

Sr. Subject Lecture Practical Clinical Total

No Hours Hours Hours Hours
1 General Human Anatomy 100 175 -- 275
including Embryology,
Osteology and Histology

2 General Human 120 60 -- 180

Physiology, 70 60 130
Biochemistry, Nutrition
and Dietetics

3 Dental Materials 80 240 -- 320

4 Dental Anatomy, 105 250 -- 355

Embryology, and Oral
Histology

5 Dental Pharmacology 70 20 -- 90
and Therapeutics

6 General Pathology & 55 55 -- 110

Microbiology 65 50 115

7 General Medicine 60 -- 90 150

8 General Surgery 60 -- 90 150

9 Oral Pathology and 145 130 -- 275

Microbiology

4
Sr. Subject Lecture Practical Clinical Total
No Hours Hours Hours Hours
10 Oral Medicine and 65 -- 200 265
Radiology

11 Paediatric & Preventive 65 -- 200 265

Dentistry

12 Orthodontics & Dental 50 -- 200 250

Orthopaedics

13 Periodontology 80 -- 200 280

14 Oral & Maxillofacial 70 -- 360 430

Surgery

15 Conservative Dentistry 135 200 460 795

and Endodontics

16 Prosthodontics & Crown 135 300 460 895

& Bridge

17 Public Health Dentistry 60 -- 290 350

Total 1590 1540 2550 5680

Note: There should be a minimum of 240 teaching days every academic year
consisting of 8 working hours including one hour of lunch break.

5
SECTION 1

6
 SECTION-1
CHAPTER-1

1.1. GENERAL HUMAN ANATOMY INCLUDING EMBRYOLOGY,

HISTOLOGY AND OSTEOLOGY

1.1.1a AIM: To know the structure and organization of tissues, organs

and apparata in the human body.

1.1.1b OBJECTIVES:
Knowledge and understanding: To understand the relationships
between structure and function in the tissues and most organs in
the human body.

Skills
The student shall gain perspective into the dissection processes of the human
body.

Attitudes
The student shall learn to co-relate the anatomical structures with the body
processes and pathologies.

1.1.1c OUTCOMES:
On successful completion of the program students will be able to:
Describe in detail the structure and function of musculoskeletal, cardio-
respiratory, nervous and other associated systems.
Demonstrate advanced experiential knowledge and handling skills, in clinical
examination of the musculoskeletal and nervous system.
Demonstrate advanced experiential knowledge in laboratory and field based
exercise testing in athletic and non-athletic populations.
Demonstrate an advanced knowledge of the diagnosis, biological basis,
treatment and rehabilitation of exercise and sports related injuries, and
common illnesses impacting on sports and exercise performance.
Demonstrate a detailed knowledge and critical understanding of selected
areas of sports and exercise medicine gained through independent research.

Apply an empirical approach to problem solving.

7
 1.1.2 SYLLABUS (Including Teaching Hours)

1. General Anatomy: Anatomical terms, planes, brief outline of different

systems of body.
2. Regional anatomy of head and neck with osteology of bones of head
and neck with emphasis on topics of dental and maxillofacial
importance
3. General disposition of thoracic ,abdominal and pelvic organs
4. Clinical anatomy : sites of intramuscular injections, intravascular
injections, lumbar puncture
5. General Embryology and systemic embryology with reference to
development of head and neck
6. Histology of basic tissues, head and neck structures and
alimentary,respiratory, excretory systems, endocrine glands and
gonads.
7. Medical genetics

I) MUST KNOW 80HRS

1) General Anatomy:
A. Anatomical terms
B. Skin, superficial fascia and deep fascia
C. Cardiovascular system, portal system, collateral circulation,
arteries
D. Lymphatic system including lymphatic organs, and regional
drainage
E. Skletal system: classification of bones, ossification and growth of
bones.
F. Muscular system: classification of muscles.
G. Arthrology : classification of joints
H. Nervous system: Central, peripheral and autonomic nervous
system.

2) Head and Neck :

A. Scalp , face, temple, lacrimal apparatus
B. Neck : Deep facia of neck , facial neck spaces , triangles of neck,
deep structures in the neck
C. Cranial cavity : meninges, dural folds, dural venous sinuses,parts of
brain, ventricles, cranial nerves attached to brain, pituitary gland
D. Cranial nerves – III,IV,V,VI,VII,IX, XII in detail.
E. Orbital cavity- bony orbit, ocular muscles, supports of eye ball,
nerves and vessels of Orbit
8
 F. Parotid gland
G. Infratemporal fossa, pterygo palatine fossa, muscles of mastication,
temporomandibular joint
H. Nasal cavity
I. Paranasal sinuses
J. Oral cavity- tongue, soft and hard palate
K. Pharynx , palatine tonsil , auditory tube, Larynx
L. Osteology: adult skull, external features and interior of skull,
individual skull bones, hyoid bones and cervical vertebrae.

3) Thorax:
A. Thoracic wall
B. Pleural cavity and pleura
C. Mediastinum
D. Lungs : surfaces, relations, blood supply and bronchopulmonary
segments
E. Heart : pericardium, external features, chambers, and blood supply
F. Diaphragm

4) Clinical Procedures with anatomical background:

A. Intra muscular injections : Demonstrations on dissected person
Deltoid- relation to axillary nerve Gluteus maximus- relation to
sciatic nerve
B. Intravenous injections and Venesection:
Demonstration of veins in dissected specimen and on a living
person:
1. Median cubital vein
2. Cephalic vein
3. Basilic vein
4. Long sephanous vein
C. Arterial Pulsations in dissected bodies and on a living person:
1. Superficial temporal
2. Facial
3. Carotid
4. Axillary
5. Brachial
6. Radial
7. Ulnar
8. Femoral
9. Polpiteal
10. Dorsalis pedis
D. Lumbar Puncture : demonstration on a dissected specimen of spinal
cord , cauda equina and at intervertebral space between L4 and L5.
9
5) Embryology:
A. Gametogenesis- male and female
B. Fertilization
C. Placenta
D. Primitive streak
E. Nurulation and neural crest
F. Bilaminar and triloaminar embryo
G. Formation and fate of intraembryonic mesoderm
H. Formation and fate of notchord
I. Pharyngeal arches clefts and pouches derivatives
J. Development of face, palate, tongue.
K. Development of thyroid, pituitary, salivary glands
L. Relevant developmental anomalies
M. Development of tooth

6) Histology:
A. Cell
B. Basic tissues: Epithelium, Muscle, Connective tissue and nervous
tissue
C. Nervous tissue: peripheral nerve, optic neve,sensory ganglion,
autonomic ganglion,
D. Skin
E. Lymphatic tissue,
F. Glands: Classification, salivary glands
G. Blood vessels, tongue, lip, tooth, soft palate, epiglottis, thyroid
gland, parathyroid gland, pituitary gland

7) Medical genetics:
A. Mitosis and Meiosis
B. Chromosome structure and classification
C. Gene structure
D. Numerical and structural abnormalities
E. Pattern of inheritance

10
II) DESIRABLE TO KNOW: 20 HRS
Internal capsule, blood supply of brain, circle of Willis, Ventricles, corpus
callosum

Imaging modalities, X ray skull,Paranasal sinuses,CT scan and MRI of skull,

orthophantamograph of mandible

Mechanism of thorax
Abdominal organs and pelvic organs
Peritoneal cavity
Angiography and imaging of coronary vessels.
Brief osteology of femur, muscles of arm.
Brief ostrology of bones of gluteal region, gluteal muscles and structures
under cover of gluteus maximus.
Brief study of anatomical landmarks with reference to peripheral pulsations.
Brief study of anatomical landmarks of back.
GIT
Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, ovary and testes.
Mendelian laws. Gene mapping, Microdeletions and dental anomalies.

1.1.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of the Time Marks

exercise Allotted Allotted

Identification of 1.15 minutes 80

organs & slides

Journal N.A 10

11
 SECTION-1
CHAPTER-2

[Link] PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, NUTRITION

AND DIETETICS

1.2.1.a AIM: In this course, students learn to recognize and to apply the
basic concepts that govern integrated body function (as an intact
organism) in the body's nine organ systems.

1.2.1.b OBJECTIVES:
a) Knowledge and Understanding:
It is expected that the student understand the unique role of each
organ and organ system in maintaining health.
Students should be able to describe the functions of the distinctive
cells that comprise each major organ and when appropriate define the
role of physiological functional units.

b) Skills:
The students learn to recognize and explain the basic concepts that
govern each organ and organ system and their integration to maintain
homeostasis, as well as some clinical aspects of failure of these
systems.

c) Attitude:
The students learn to identify bodily processes, which enables them
to recognize impairments Thereof.

1.2.1.c GOALS:
Upon completion of this course the student should be knowledgeable in the
following areas of bodily
function:
Integration of the organ systems to maintain constancy of the internal
environment
Regulation of homeostasis by neuronal, endocrine, and local chemical
messengers
Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in regulating organ function
Adaptive responses to exercise and the role of exercise in maintaining health
Adaptive physiological responses to stress, infectious organisms, and toxins
Changes in bodily function through the life span.
Demonstrate knowledge of the molecular structures of fundamental
biological building blocks.

12
1.2.2 SYLLABUS (Including Teaching Hours)

A. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

MUST KNOW- 100HRS

1. HOMEOSTASIS:
Basic concept, Feedback mechanisms
Structure of cell membrane, transport across cell membrane
Membrane potentials

2. BLOOD:
Composition & functions of blood.
Specific gravity, Packed cell volume, factors affecting & methods of
determination.

Plasma proteins - Types, concentration, functions & variations.

Erythrocyte - Morphology, functions & variations. Erythropoiesis &

factors affecting erythropoiesis.

ESR- Methods of estimation, factors affecting, variations &

significance.

Haemoglobin - Normal concentration, method of determination &

variation in concentration.

Anaemia - Definition, classification, life span of RBC’s destruction

of RBCs , formation & fate of bile pigments, Jaundice - types.

Leucocytes : Classification, number, percentage, distribution

morphology, properties, functions & variation. Role of lymphocytes
in immunity, leucopoiesis life span & fate of leucocytes.

Thromobocytes - Morphology, number, variations, function &

thrombopoiesis.

Haemostatsis - Role of vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation in

haemostasis, coagulation factors, intrinsic & extrinsic pathways of
coagulation, clot retraction.

13
 Tests of haemostatic function, platelet count, clotting time, bleeding
time, prothrombin time – normal values, method & variations.
Anticoagulants - mechanism of action. Bleeding disorders.
Blood groups: ABO & Rh system, method of determination,
importance, indications & dangers of blood transfusion, blood
substitutes.

Blood volume: Normal values, variations.

3. MUSCLE AND NERVE:

Classification of nerves, structure of skeletal muscle – Molecular

mechanism of muscle contraction, neuromuscular transmission.
Properties of skeletal muscle.

Structure and properties of cardiac muscle & smooth muscle.

4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

Introduction to digestion: General structure of G.I. tract, Innervation.

Salivary glands: Structure of salivary glands, composition, regulation
of secretion & functions of saliva.

Stomach: Composition and functions of gastric juice, mechanism and

regulation of gastric secretion.

Exocrine Pancreas - Structure, composition of pancreatic juice,

functions of each component, regulation of pancreatic secretion.

Liver : structure , composition of bile, functions of bile, regulation of

secretion

Gall bladder : structure, functions.

Small intestine - Composition, functions & regulation of secretion of
intestinal juice.

Large intestine - Functions.

Motor functions of GIT: Mastication, deglutition, gastric filling &

emptying, movements of small and large intestine, defecation.

14
5. EXCRETORY SYSTEM :

Structure & functions of kidney, functional unit of kidney &

functions of different parts.

Juxta glomerular apparatus, renal blood flow.

Formation of Urine : Glomerular filtration rate - definition,

determination , normal values, factors influencing G.F.R. Tubular
reabsorption - Reabsorption of sodium, glucose, water & other
substances.

Tubular secretion - secretion of urea, hydrogen and other substances.

Mechanism of concentration & dilution of urine.

Role of kidney in the regulation of pH of the blood.

Micturition, anatomy & innervation of Urinary bladder mechanism of

micturition & abnormalities.

6. BODY TEMPERATURE

7. ENDOCRINOLOGY
General endocrinology - Enumeration of endocrine glands &
hormones - General functions of endocrine system, chemistry,
mechanism of secretion, transport, metabolism, regulation of
secretion of hormones.

Hormones of anterior pituitary & their actions, hypothalamic

regulation of anterior pituitary function.

Disorders of secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.

Posterior pituitary : Functions, regulation & disorders of secretion.

Thyroid: Histology, synthesis, secretion & transport of hormones,

actions of hormones, regulation of secretion & disorders, Thyroid
function tests.

Adrenal cortex & Medulla -synthesis, secretion, action, metabolism,

regulation of secretion of hormones & disorders.

15
8. REPRODUCTION
Sex differentiation, Physiological anatomy of male and female sex
organs,

Female reproductive system : Menstrual cycle, functions of ovary,

actions of oestrogen & Progesterone, control of secretion of ovarian
hormones, tests for ovulation, fertilisation, implantation, maternal
changes during pregnancy, pregnancy tests & parturition.

Lactation, composition of milk, factors controlling lactation, milk

ejection, reflex, Male reproductive system :spermatogenesis, semen
and contraception.

9. CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM

Functional anatomy and innervation of heart Properties of cardiac
Muscle Origin & propagation of cardiac impulse and heart block.

Electrocardiogram - Normal electrocardiogram. Two changes in ECG

in myocardial infarction.

Cardiac cycle - Phases, Pressure changes in atria, ventricles & aorta.

Volume changes in ventricles. arterial pulse.

Heart sounds: Mention of murmurs.

Heart rate: Normal value, variation & regulation.

Cardiac output: Definition, normal values, one method of
determination, variation, factors affecting heart rate and stroke
volume.
Arterial blood pressure: Definition, normal values &
variations,determinants, regulation & measurement of blood
pressure.

10. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Physiology of Respiration : External & internal respiration.
Functional anatomy of respiratory passage & lungs.
Respiratory movements: Muscles of respiration, Mechanism of
inflation & deflation of lungs.
Intra pleural & intra pulmonary pressures & their changes during the
phases of respiration.

16
 Mechanics of breathing - surfactant, compliance & work of
breathing.
Spirometry: Lung volumes & capacities definition, normal values,
significance, factors affecting vital
capacity, variations in vital capacity, FEV & its variations.
Pulmonary ventilation - alveolar ventilation & dead space –
ventilation.
Exchange of gases: Diffusing capacity, factors affecting it.
Transport of Oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood.
Regulation of respiration – neural & chemical.
Hypoxia, cyanosis, dyspnoea, periodic breathing.

11. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Organisation of central nervous system
Neuronal organisation at spinal cord level
Synapse receptors, reflexes, sensations and tracts
Physiology of pain
Functions of cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebral
cortex.
Formation and functions of CSF
Autonomic nervous system

12. SPECIAL SENSES

Fundamental knowledge of vision, hearing, taste and smell.

EXPECTED TO KNOW- 20 HRS

Blood Indices - MCV, MCH, MCHC - definition, normal values,

variation.
Body fluids : distribution of total body water, intracellular &
extracellular compartments, major
anions & cations in intra and extra cellular fluid.
Tissue fluids & lymph : Formation of tissue fluid, composition,
circulation & functions of lymph.
Oedema - causes.
Functions of reticulo endotrelial system.
Functions Of Skin.
Other hormones - Angiotensin, A.N.F.
Coronary circulation.
17
 Cardio vascular homeostasis - Exercise & posture
Jugular venous pulse
Artificial respiration, pulmonary function tests.
Composition of inspired air, alveolar air and expired air.

HUMAN BIOCHEMISTRY , NUTRITION & DIETETICS

MUST KNOW 50HRS

A) Chemistry of Carbohydrates:
Definition, Classification &Functions of Carbohydrates
Biological importance of Monosaccharides
Chemical properties of Monosaccharides
Osazone Formation of Monosaccharides
Derivatives of Monosaccharides
Structure of maltose, sucrose & Lactose,
Structure of starch &Glycogen & their functions.
Structure and functions of glycose aminoglycons.

B) Chemistry of Lipids
Definition, Classification & Functions of Lipids
Fatty acids and their classification & functions.
Essential fatty acids and its functions.
Phospholipids and their Functions.
Glycolipids and its functions
Prostaglandins and its functions
Steroids, Bile salts, micelle
Cholesterol and its functions
Lipoproteins and its classification.
Lipoproteins and their site of synthesis and functions.

C) Chemistry of Proteins
Structure of Aminoacids found in protein, classification,
Nutritional classification of amino acids.
Importance of Amino Acids
Biologically important compounds formed by amino acids.
Properties of amino acids
Biologically important Peptides
Structure of proteins
Primary, secondary, tertiary And quaternary
Zwitter ion, isoelectric PH
Definition, classification (functional) of proteins

18
 Classification based on physical & chemical properties.
Functions of Albumin

D) Enzymes
Definition, zymogen or Proenzyme
Co-factors,
Mechanism of enzyme action
Classification of enzymes
Specificity factors affecting enzymes activity.
Enzyme inhibition, types of Inhibitors.
Types,composition, location and diagnostic importance of lactate
dehydrogenase, creatine kinase.
Isoenzymes.
Diagnostic importance of different enzymes

E) Vitamins (Micronutrients):
Definition, Classification, Sources, Daily Requirement, Functions &
deficiencies of
Vit. B1 & B2
Vit B3 & B5
Vit B6 & B7
Folic acid (Vit B9)
Cynocobalmin (Vit B12)
Ascorbic acid with functions, sources, daily requirement
Functions, sources, daily requirement of Vit.A with its deficiencies
including visual process.
Vit D & its role in calcium Metabolism
Vit. E & Vit K.

F) Hemoglobins (Haemoglobin):
Bilirubin.
Chemistry & Functions of Haemoglobin.
Introduction to hemesynthesis
Heme degradation and types of normal and abnormal haemoglobin.
Types of Jaundice

G) Nucleic Acids
Introduction of nucleic acids
Building units Nucleotides
Types of RNA
Outline structure & functions of DNA & RNA

19
H) Biological Oxidations
Introduction, Enzymes & Coenzymes of BiologicalOxidation.
ETC(Electron Transport Chain) Or Respiratory Chain
Reactions of electron transport chain.
Oxidative Phosphorylation, Inhibitors & uncouplers of oxidative
phosphorylation

I) Nutrition:
Energy needs: Basal metabolic rate, dietary carbohydrates Fibres,
dietary lipids, essential fatty acids.
Nitrogen Balance, essential amino acids, protein quality and
requirement.
Protein Calorie Malnutrition
Kwashiorkar’s disease
Marasmus
Balance Diet

J) Energy Metabolism:
Enzymaic hydrolysis of dietary carbohydrates, mechanism of uptake of
monosacchorides
Synthesis and breakdown of Glycogen (glycogenesis & Glycogenolysis)
Outline of glycolysis,
Rapaport Luebering cycle,
lactate metabolism.
Glucogenic & Ketogenic amino Acids.
Pyruvate oxidation & citric acid cycle.
Oral GTT & glycosuria, diabetes mellitus and related disorder.
Blood glucose level & its regulation.
Gluconeogenesis
Digestion and Absorption of
Triglycerols.
Metabolism of Ketone bodies:
a) Ketogenesis
b) Ketolysis
c) Ketosis
Functions of Cholesterol
Adipose tissue metabolism
Lipolysis, Lipogenesis
Digestion and Absorption of Proteins
Amino acid pool
Nitrogen Balance
a) Transamination
b) Deamination
20
 c) Transmethylation
Fate & Formation of ammonia Urea cycle

K) Mineral Metabolism:
Definition, Classification and Daily Requirement of Calcium,
Phosphorus sources, uptake, excretion and function.
Trace Elements Def. eg. Copper, zinc, magnesium, Chromium, Cobalt,
Manganese,
Molybolenum, Selenium
Serum Calcium regulation, iron sources, uptake, transport.
Iodine: Brief introduction to Thyroxine synthesis, general functions of
thyroxine .
Fluoride:- Functions, deficiency & excess.
Role of other minerals Sodium, Potassium, Chloride.

L) Metabolic Regulation:
Hormones: Definition, General characteristics, Classification.
Mechanism action of steroid Hormones.
Epinephrine, glucagone & insulin in brief.
Acid base regulation.
Water and electrolyte balance
Detoxification Mechanism.

M) Structural components & blood proteins:

Connective tissue, collogen & Elastin, Structure of bone and
membranes.
Myofibrils & Muscle Contraction.

N) Medical Biochemistry:
Blood sugar level and its regulation.
Oral GTT & glycosuria
Diabetes mellitus & related disorders.
Jaundice: Classification & evaluation.
Liver Function tests:-
Kidney Function tests
Gastric Function tests
Gout; Lesch Nyhanes Syndrome,

O) Genetics:
DNA as genetic material
Replication & Transcription
Gebetuc cide & mutations
Translation process
21
 Introduction to cancer, viruses Oncogenes.
PCR Recombinant DNA Technology Applications.

DESIRED TO KNOW 20HRS

Structure of glucose, Isomerism, Epimerism, Anomerism, Mutarotation

Prostaglandins and its functions

Steroids, Bile salts, micelle
Properties of proteins
Denaturation, denaturing agents
Significance of denaturation.
Coagulation of proteins.
Plasma proteins, Seperation of plasma proteins.
Immunoglobulins: Structure Types and their functions.
Michaelis – Menton Equation and its significance.

Allosteric Enzymes

Active forms of all water soluble vitamins and Vit A & Vit D.
To know the absorption, transportation and storage of
Vit A,D, E & K

Direct bilirubin & indirect

Haemoglobin derivatives.
Difference between DNA & RNA
Nucleotides, Biologically important free nucleotides

Substrate level phosphorylation

S.D.A (Specific dynamic action)

HMP shunt pathway and its significance.

Glucuronic acid formation.
Hyperglycemia & Hypoglycemia
-Outline of Cholesterol biosynthesis & breakdown
-Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty liver, Lipotropic factor
Atheroselerosis

Metabolism of glycine
a) Synthesis
b) degradation.
22
Metabolism of sulphur containing aminoacids
Eg. Methionine, cystein, Cystine one carbon metabolism
Heme & non-heme iron & its functions, deficiency.
Second messenger
CAmp, Calcium ion
Inositol triphosphate

Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperlipoprotenemia

1.2.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of the exercise Time Marks

Allotted Allotted

Haematology 1Hr 20Min 25

Clinical Physiology 40 Min. 15

Biochemistry Experiment-A 60 Mins. 20

Biochemistry Experiment -B 55 Mins. 15

Spot-C 05 Mins. 05

Journal Record- N.A

(a)Physiology 5

(b)Biochemistry 5

23
 SECTION-1
CHAPTER-3
1.3 DENTAL ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND ORAL HISTOLOGY

1.3.1a: AIM: The dental students should acquire complete knowledge of

embryology, anatomy and physiology of hard and soft tissues of oral and
paraoral region and to train dental graduates so as to ensure competence and
necessary skills in the diagnosis and prevention of dental and oral diseases.

1.3.1b: OBJECTIVES:
i-KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
Adequate knowledge about the morphology of the teeth.
Adequate knowledge about histology of teeth and other oral
structures.
Adequate knowledge of the embryology, development of face, tooth
and salivary glands.

ii-SKILL:
Able to carve teeth of permanent dentition
Able to differentiate the normal from abnormal tissues based on
macro and microscopic features.

iii-ATTITUDES:
1. Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct and
apply these in all aspects of professional life.
2. To apply the knowledge of morphology of the teeth in the clinical
practice of restorative dentistry.

1.3.1c: OUTCOME: Student is able to complete clinical practises

optimally.

1.3.2 : SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

DENTAL ANATOMY
I) Must Know 95 HRS
1) Introduction 04 HRS
Definitions and Nomenclature in Dental Anatomy
Tooth numbering systems
Differences between permanent and deciduous dentition
Definition of elevations and depressions on the tooth
Different Traits

24
2) Maxillary Incisor 03 HRS
Introduction
Chronology
Crown morphology
Root morphology
Pulp morphology

3) Mandibular Incisor 03 HRS

Introduction
Chronology
Crown morphology
Root morphology
Pulp morphology

4) Maxillary / Mandibular Canine 03 HRS

Introduction
Chronology
Crown morphology
Root morphology
Pulp morphology

5) Maxillary Premolar 03 HRS

Introduction
Chronology
Crown morphology
Root morphology
Pulp morphology

6) Mandibular Premolar 03 HRS

Introduction
Chronology
Crown morphology
Root morphology
Pulp morphology

7) Maxillary molar 03 HRS

Introduction
Chronology
Crown morphology
Root morphology
Pulp morphology

25
8) Mandibular molar 03 HRS
Introduction
Chronology
Crown morphology
Root morphology
Pulp morphology

9) Occlusion 05 HRS
Development of occlusion
Concepts
Theories
Keys to occlusion
Teeth & jaw associated factors
Occlusion in dentures

10) Morphology of individual deciduous tooth 02 HRS

DENTAL HISTOLOGY

1) Histotechniques 02 HRS
Introduction
Fixation
Tissue processing
Staining
Ground section
Special stains
Clinical implications

2) Development of face and oral cavity(Embryology) 06 HRS

Origin, development and differentiation of facial tissues
Branchial arches
Development of face, Tongue and palate
Development of Mandible ,Maxilla

3) Development of teeth 03 HRS

Dental lamina
Developmental and histophysiological stages of teeth
Development of root

26
4) Enamel 04 HRS
Introduction
Physical and chemical properties
Structures (Enamel rods, lamellae ,tufts, spindles, Hunter Schreger bands,
dentinoenamel junction)
Amelogenesis: Life cycle of ameloblast

5) Dentin 06 HRS
Introduction
Physical and chemical properties
Structures
Dentinogenesis
Types of dentin
Theories of Hypersensitivity
Functions

6) Maxilla and Mandible (alveolar process) 05 HRS

Definition and development
Anatomy
Classification
Types of Ossification
Alveolar bone
Histology of bone
Bone morphogenic protein
Bone Remodeling & factors affecting

7) Eruption and shedding 03 HRS

Theories of eruption
Pre-eruptive,Eruptive and Post-eruptive tooth movement
Definition and Shedding pattern
Histology of shedding
Mechanism of resorption and shedding
Clinical considerations

8) Pulp 04 HRS
Development, Anatomy and Structure
Histology of pulp
Functions

9) Cementum 06 HRS
Introduction
Physical and chemical properties
Structures
27
Histology & cementogenesis
Types of cementum, cemento-enamel junctions
Functions

10) Maxillary sinus 01 HRS

Definition and development
Anatomy
Functions
Histology

11) Salivary glands 06 HRS

Embryogenesis
Classification
Anatomy of major and minor salivary glands
Histology of major and minor salivary glands
Saliva: Composition,formation and functions of saliva

12) Periodontal ligament 04 HRS

Development & Classification
Histology: cells and fibres
Functions

13) Oral Mucous Membrane(OMM) 12 HRS

Definition and classification of OMM
Types of epithelium
Histology of keratinized and non keratinized epithelium
Non-Keratinocytes
Clinical and histological aspects of buccal mucosa,gingiva, palate, floor of
the mouth,vermilion border.
Tongue-clinical and histological aspects of papillae and taste buds
Junctional epithelium

14) Temporomandibular Joint 02 HRS

Anatomy
Development
Histology
Clinical considerations

15) Muscles of Mastication and Deglutition 02 HRS

Desirable to know 12HRS

1- Special stains 03 HRS

28
-Immuno histochemistry & enzyme histochemistry (suggested) - Applied
aspects of Development of face and oral cavity (Embryology) 01 HRS

3-Molecular aspects of tooth genesis Applied aspects of Development of

teeth 02 HRS

3- Applied aspects of enamel, dentin, pulp cementum, maxillary sinus,

salivary glands, periodontal ligament, oral mucous membrane,
temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, deglutition. Bone
morphogenic protein, Bone Remodelling & factor affecting it, Bone Grafts
08 HRS
4- Applied aspects of eruption and shedding 01HR

1.3.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of the exercise Time allotted Marks

Tooth carving 45 minutes 20
1- Identification of slides (8) :
5 marks each
40 minutes 60
2- Identification of specimens(4):
5 marks each
3. Journal - 10

29
SECTION 2

30
 SECTION-2
CHAPTER-1
2.1. GENERAL PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY
2.1.1.a Aim: The aim of this course is to provide graduate-level instruction
in Pathobiology and microbiology. The study of biochemical, structural and
functional changes in cells, tissues and organs, which cause or are caused by
diseases and the micro-organisms that cause infections.

2.1.1. b Objectives:

i-Knowledge and understanding:

To become familiar with pathology nomenclature. By the end of the
course, the students are expected to be able to communicate an
understanding of tissue injury and diseases processes, using
appropriate vocabulary.
To recognize morphological and functional differences between
normal and injured or diseased tissue.
To acquire a working knowledge of basic bacterial laboratory
techniques, as well as to the foundations of Microbiology – the
concepts of classification, evolution and growth of microorganisms,
as well as a factual and laboratory knowledge of specific
microorganism types.
ii-Skills:To learn to distinguish pathological lesions from normal
tissue. The second goal is to understand, from a structural, functional
and biochemical perspective, the different types of pathological
lesions, and provide scenarios for how they each arise.
To develop an understanding of microbial ecology and of medical
and practical uses for microorganisms, and how they relate to basic
biological concepts.
iii-Attitudes:
To integrate pathological findings with clinical manifestations of
disease
To integrate the principles and information presented in this course
with that from related disciplines

2.1.1.c Outcomes:

Students are expected to work towards meeting the following objectives:

To become familiar with pathology nomenclature. By the end of the course,
the students are expected to be able to communicate an understanding of
tissue injury and diseases processes, using appropriate vocabulary.
31
To recognize morphological and functional differences between normal and
injured or diseased tissue. The first goal of the course is to learn to
distinguish pathological lesions from normal tissue. The second goal is to
understand, from a structural, functional and biochemical perspective, the
different types of pathological lesions, and provide scenarios for how they
each arise.
To integrate pathological findings with clinical manifestations of disease.
In working towards a current understanding of the pathologic basis of
disease, the student should develop a sense of which questions in pathology
remain to be resolved.
Students should acquire a good understanding of the concepts above. They
should be able to show their mastery of them in oral and written form, in
lecture, in the laboratory and in exams.
They should be able to design experiments to identify microorganisms,
interpret the data and communicate it.

2.1.1.d: SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW 50 HRS

1. Introduction to Pathology
- Different sections in pathology
- The Cell in health
- Normal cell structure
- The Cellular functions

2. Definitions & causes of diseases

- Aetiology & Pathogenesis of diseases.
- Congenital /Acquired diseases
-Morphological changes
- Functional derangements & clinical manifestation.
- Cellular response to stress & noxious stimuli

3. Mode of cell Injury

-Different agents causing cell injury
-Hypoxic /Chemical /physical injury.
-Mechanism of reversible injury.
-Mechanism of irreversible injury.

4 Cellular adaptations & intracellular accumulations

-Reversible cell injury (Degeneration)
-Fatty Change
32
 -Cloudy change
-Hyaline change

5. Disturbances of pigment & mineral metabolism

- Exogenous /Endogenous pigments
- Dystrophic /metastatic calcification mecha., Causes etc.

6. Acute inflammation I
- Definition
- Types
- Causes, Historical aspects
- Cellular events
- Vascular events.

7. Acute inflammation II
- Chemical mediators
- Fate of inflammation

8. Chronic inflammation
- Defnition
- Causes
- Granulomatous inflammation .

9. Repair I
- Repair
- Regeneration
- Healing by primary intension
- Healing by secondary intension

10. Repair II
-Types of fracture
-Healing of a fracture
-factors affecting wound healing.
-complications of healing.

11. Necrosis / Gangrene

-Def., Causes
-Types of necrosis
-Features of necrosis
-Gangrene – Definition Dry/wet/gas

33
12. Thrombosis
-Normal homeostasis
- Definition of thrombus
-Path physiology, Complications
-Fate

13. Embolism.
- Definition
-Types
-Effects

14. Infarction
-Definition
-Aetiology, Types
-Changes in different organs.

15. Derangements of body fluids.

- Oedema – Pathogenesis.
- Different Types
- Clinical manifestations.

16. Disorders of circulation.

- Hyperemia – Definition, Types, Causes.
- Chronic Passive Venous Congestion of different Organs
- Shock - Different type , Pathogenesis

17. Amyloidosis.
- Chemical nature
- Physical nature
- Diagnosis
- Special stains.

18. Hypersensitivity reaction /Transplant Rejection

- Humoral & cellular immunity
- Mechanism of hypersensitivity reactions Type I-IV

19. Leprosy
-Epidemiology
-Pathology
-Types
-Diagnosis

34
20. Syphilis.
-Epidemiology
-Types /Stages
-Pathological features
-Diagnosis

21. Tuberculosis I
-Epidemiology, Pathogenesis.
-BCG vaccine /Tuberculin Test
-Lesions of primary TB .

22. Tuberculosis II
-Secondary TB Lesions
- Complications
-Diagnosis
-Extra pulmonary TB

23. Fungal Diseases

-Etiological agents
-Types of lesions
-Morphology
-Diagnosis

24. Adaptive Disorders

-Atrophy
-Hypertrophy / Hyperplasia
-Metaplasia / Dysplasia.

25. Neoplasia – Nomenclature

- Definition
-Terminology
-Classification
-Difference between benign & malignant tumors

26. Neoplasia - Carcinogenesis

-Epidemiology
-incidence
-Geographic & environmental factors
27. Neoplasia -Carcinogenesis
-Different Carcinogenic agents
-Chemical Carcinogenesis
-Radiation Carcinogenesis
-Microbial Carcinogenesis
35
28. Neoplasia – Staging & Spread .
-Mechanism of invasion & metastasis.
-Grading & staging of tumors

29. Lab diagnosis of cancer

-Histologic & Cytologic methods
-IHC
-Molecular diagnosis
-Tumors markers

30. Tumors of oral cavity & skin

- Pigmented & non pigmented tumors of skin
-Precancerous lesions of oral cavity
-Squamous cell carcinoma
-Basal Cell carcinoma
-Malignant melanoma .

31. Diseases of salivary glands

-Normal structure
-Sialadenitis
-Mikulicz disease
-Tumors of salivary gland

32. Diabetes Mellitus

- Definition
- Classification
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical features
- Diagnosis
- GTT

33. Atherosclerosis
-Definition
-Pathogenesis
-Complications

34. Other Diseases of oral carity

-Lichen Planus
-Leukoplakia
-Dental caries
-Dentigerous Cyst

36
35. Common Diseases of bone
-Osteomyelitis
-Metabolic bone diseases
-Tumors of jaw

36. Diseases of CVS

-Cardiac Failure
-IHD
-Endocarditis etc.

37. Hypertension
- Definition, classification

38. AIDS

DESIRABLE TO KNOW
Genetic basis of diseases
Patterns of inflammation
Cell cycle
Chemical Mediators Responsible for repair
Apoptosis
Morphologic changes in disorders of circulation
Morphology of Organs in amyloidosis
Mechanism of transplant rejection
Molecular basis of cancer
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Recent Advances In Diagnosis
Pathology of different organs in diabetes mellitus
Congenital Heart Diseases
Effects on various organs in hypertension

Hematology

MUST KNOW 15HRS

1. Introduction to hematology & haemopoiesis .
-Normal development of blood cells.
-Origin & differentiation of haemopoietic cells
-General aspects of bld. Disorders
-Blood Indices .

2. Classification & general features of anaemia

-Etiological /Pathophysiological Classification
-Morphological classification
37
 -General features of anemia

3. Microcytic anaemias
-Iron deficiency anemia
- Iron metabolism
-Morphology
-Lab. Diagnosis
-Differential diagnosis.

4. Macrocytic Anaemias
-Causes of Macrocytosis
-Megaloblastic anemia
-B12 deficiency
-folate deficiency
-Morphology PBS, B.M.
-Lab. Diagnosis.

5. Hemolytic anemia
-Features .classification
-Intravascular & extra vascular haemolysis
-signs of haemolysis .
-Acute Leukemia I
-Definition
-Aetiopathogenesis.
-Classification
-Acute Myeloid Leukemia

6. AC. Leukemia II
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Clinical Features & Lab diagnosis of Ac. Leukemia

7. Chronic Leukemia.
-Classification
-Aetiopathogenesis
-Morphology, Chronic Myeloid & Lymphoid Leukaemias
-Lab. Diagnosis.

8. Other WBC & RBC disorders

-Leukocytosis
-Leukaemoid reaction
-Leucopenia
- Polycythemia

38
9. Hemorrhagic Disorder I
-Coagulation cascade
-Classification of bleeding disorders.
-Disorder related to thrombocytopenia, defective platelet function.

10. Hemorrhagic Disorder II

-Related to clotting factor abnormality.
-Hemophilia A,B .
-vW Disease.
-DIC
-Lab diagnosis

11. Blood groups

-Historical aspects
-Classification
-Importance

12. Blood transfusion

-Selection of donor
- Different blood group system
-Blood components
-Cross matching
-Transfusion reactions

II) DESIRABLE TO KNOW 05 HRS

-Sickle cell anemia
-Thalassemia
- Diagnosis
-Diseases Transmitted during blood transfusion

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

MUST KNOW 55 HRS

General Microbiology 08 HRS

1. Introduction, History, Scope, Aim & objective
2. Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria
3. Sterilization and Disinfection
4. Culture media and culture techniques
5. Normal microbial flora of oral cavity
6. Oral microbiology and dental plaque and dental Caries

39
Immunology 11 HRS
1. Infection
2. Immunity
3. Antigen
4. Antibodies
5. Antigen – Antibody reactions & Immunodeficiency disorder
6. Hypersensitivity reactions + autoimmune disorders

Systematic Bacteriology 19 HRS

1. Staphylococcus
2. Streptococcus, Cariogenic Streptococci
3. Pneumococcus
4. Neisseria : Meningococcus ( mainly )
5. Corynbacterium diptheriae
[Link] Tuberculosis
7. M. Leprae & Atypical mycobacteria
8. Clostridium perfringeus
9-Clostridium tetani
10. Non – sporing anaerobes
11. Spirochaetes
12. Noscomial infection

Virology 10HRS
1. Introduction & General Properties of viruses
2. A few viruses of relevance to dentistry
•Herpes virus
•Hepatitis B viruses including HCV , HDV
•Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
•Mumps Virus , Measles & Rubella Virus

Mycology 04 HRS
1. Introduction
2. Candidiasis
3. Briefly on oral lesions of Systemic Mycoses
4. Cryptococcus & Histoplasma
Parasitology 03 HRS
1. Introduction
2. Mode of transmission and prevention of commonly seen parasitic
infection:
•Amoebae, leishmania
•Protozoa
E. histolytica ,Malaria, Helminths
Round worm , Hook Worm , Tape worm
40
DESIRABLE TO KNOW 10 HRS

Bacterial genetics and drug resistance in bacteria

Structure and functions of Immune system
Complement system
Immune response
Enterobacteriaceae- 1 , 2 & 3
Vibrio cholera
Actinomycetes
Biosafety & Biomedical waste management
Cultivation
Host -virus interaction
Brief account of laboratory diagnosis & immune prophylaxis in general
populations.
Protozoa, Giardia, Trichomonas, Helminths, W. bancrofti

2.1.4 EXAMINATION PATTERN

General Pathology

Name of the exercise Time Marks

Allotted Allotted

Spot Identification. 10 Mins. 10

Table Work- Clinical Pathology/ 1 hour 20

Haematology

Histopathology Slides. 30 Mins. 10

Journal N.A 10

General Microbiology

Name of the exercise Time Allotted Marks Allotted

Spot Identification 10 Mins. 10
Staining 1 hour 20
Journal N.A 10

41
 SECTION-2
CHAPTER-2
GENERAL & DENTAL PHARMACOLOGY &
THERAPEUTICS

2.2.1.a: AIM:
The central aim of Pharmacology as the course is two-fold. First, to provide
the students with a solid grounding in the basic concepts and scientific
underpinnings of Pharmacology. Second, to provide the students with a
comprehensive introduction to the fundamental Pharmacology and uses of the
major classes of clinically important drugs currently used in medical practice.

2.2.1.b: OBJECTIVES:

i-KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:

To understand the fundamental scientific principles of drug action
and the various mechanisms by which drugs can mediate their
pharmacological effects.

To understand the fundamental principles of pharmacokinetics that

underly the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of
drugs in the body and thereby affect drug effectiveness.
To understand the biochemical reactions that result in the metabolism
of drugs within the body.

ii-SKILLS:
To understand the rationale behind designing different dosing
regimens of particular drugs in specific patient populations.
To understand how specific patient characteristics and genetics can
affect the response to a particular class of drugs.

iii-ATTITUDES:
To understand the implications of drug prescriptions and prescribing
the best possible drug regime.

2.2.1.c: OUTCOMES:

The student at the end of this program should be able to rationally treat a
patient with no adverse outcomes.

42
2.2.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW- 60HRS

General Pharmacology
Drugs acting on the Autonomic Nervous System
Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System
Drugs acting on the Cardiovascular and Renal System
Antimicrobial drugs
Antihistaminics
Antidiabetic Drugs
Corticosteroids
Pharmacotherapy of emergencies in dental practice

DESIRABLE TO KNOW 15HRS

Drugs acting on blood
Drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal System
Drugs acting on the Respiratory System
Vitamins
Chelating Agents
Antithyroid Drugs
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Drugs affecting calcium balance

2.2.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Time Marks
Name of the exercise
Allotted Allotted
Drug of choice (Single drug preparation) 15 Mins. 20
(4 drugs)
Pharmacy Written 15 mins. 30
(1 preparation)
Rewrite the wrong prescription 15 Mins. 15

Fixed drug combination 15 Mins. 15

Journal N.A 10

43
 SECTION-2
CHAPTER-3

2.3 DENTAL MATERIALS

2.3.1.a: Aim:
To understand the evolution and development of science of dental material.
• Emphasis the purpose of course in dental materials to students of faculty
of dentistry.
• To impart knowledge of biological, physical and chemical properties of
dental materials along with biomechanical requirement of particular
restorative procedure.
• To know the standards or specifications of various materials to guide the
manufacturers as well as help professionals.
• Search of newer and better materials for research orientation.
• To understand and evaluate the claims made by manufactures of dental
materials

2.3.1.b: Objectives:

i) Knowledge:
The graduate should acquire the adequate knowledge of science on
which Dental materials are based and good understanding of various
properties, composition, uses, advantages & disadvantages of these
materials

Adequate knowledge of physical, biological & biomechanical

properties of Dental materials.

ii)Skills:
A graduate should able to demonstrate the following skill necessary
for the practice of dentistry.
- Able to select the best materials for each dental restorative
procedure.
- Able to manipulate each dental material.
- Able to use these materials for various dental procedures in
best possible way.

44
 iii) Attitude:
- A graduate should develop following attitudes during the
training period:
- Selection of better and appropriate materials using
acquired knowledge of dental materials & restorative
dentistry.
- To follow professional ethics and conduct its application in
all aspect of professional life.
- Participate in CDE programme to updates the knowledge
and professional skill.

2.3.1. c Outcomes:
To be able to use the dental materials in clinical dentistry to the best of their
potential.

2.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW:
PROSTHETIC SYLLABUS:

1. Introduction to Dental Materials 01 HR

a) History of Dental Materials
b) Scope
c) Standardization of Materials

2. Bio-compatibility of Materials 02 HRS

a) Tests for evaluation of Biocompatibility
b) Allergic responses to Dental Materials
d) Pulp responses to Experimental & clinical procedures

3. Physical Properties 03 HRS

a) Abrasion & Abrasion Resistance
b) Viscosity
d) Creep & flow
e) Color & color perception
f) Thermo physical properties

4. Mechanical Properties 03 HRS

a) Stress & Strain
b) Mechanical properties (Elastic deformation, elastic modulus,
flexibility, resilience, poisson’sratio)

45
 c) Strength Properties (Proportional limit, elasticlimit, yield strength,
tensile strength, flexure strength, fatigue strength, impact strength)
d) Ductility & malleability
e) Hardness, Toughness, Brittleness

5. Hydrocolloid impression materials 04 HRS

a) Classification & colloids
b) Agar ( Reversible Hydrocolloid)
c) Manipulation of Agar imp. Material
d) Alginate ( Irreversible Hydrocolloid)
e) Manipulation of Alginate imp. Material
f) Care & properties of Hydrocolloid impression

6. Rigid impression materials 03 HRS

a) Impression plaster
b) Impression compound, composition, manipulation & properties
b) Zinc oxide-Eugenol Impression Paste
c) Physical and Mechanical Properties of Zinc
Oxide-Eugenol impression paste
d) Noneugenol paste

7. Elastomeric Impression Materials 03 HRS

a) Overview of Elastomeric Impression Materials
b) Polysulfide Impression Material
c) Condensation Silicone Impression Material
d) Addition Silicone Impression Material
e) Polyether Impression Material
g) New Advances in Impression Materials
h) Infection Control Concerns

8. Gypsum Products 04 HRS

a) Types of Gypsum Products
b) Uses of Gypsum in Dentistry
c) Setting of Gypsum Products
d) Tests for working, Initial Setting, and Final Setting Times
d) Control of the Setting Time
e) Setting Expansion
f) Accelerators and Retarders; Practice and Theory
i) Strength
j) Infection Control Concerns

46
9. Dental Resins 04 HRS
a) Classification of Resins
c) Requisites for Dental Resin
d) Cold cure denture base resins
d) Heat-activated denture base resins
e) Compression- molding Technique
f) Injection molding technique

10. Dental casting alloys 03 HRS

a) Historical Perspective on Dental Casting Alloys
b) Desirable Properties of Casting Alloys
d) Classification of Dental Casting Alloys
e) Alloys for All-metal Restorations
f) High Noble Alloys for Metal –ceramic Restorations
h) Base Metal Alloys for Cast Metal and Metal ceramic Restorations

11. Die & Die materials 02 HRS

a) Definition, Classification, Ideal requirements
b) Types of die material, Advantages & Disadvantages

12. Dental Waxes 02 HRS

a) Types of waxes
b) Composition
c) Desirable Properties
d) Flow
e) Thermal Properties
f) Wax Distortion
g) Manipulation of Inlay Wax
h) Other Dental Waxes

13. Investment materials 03 HRS

a) Gypsum –bonded Investments
b) Phosphate-bonded Investments
c) Ethyl Silicate- bonded Investment & their properties

14. Casting procedures 04 HRS

a) Introduction
b) Preparation of the master die
c) The sprue former
d) Casting ring liners
e) Investment procedure
f) Casting procedure
g) Compensation for solidification shrinkage
47
 h) Causes of Defective castings

15. Tarnish & Corrosion 01 HRS

Introduction
Causes of Tarnish and Corrosion
Classification of Corrosion
Electrochemical Corrosion
Corrosion of Dental Restorations
Clinical Significance of Galvanic Currents

16. Dental ceramics 05 HRS

a) Historical perspective on ceramic
b) Classification of dental ceramics
c) Methods of strengthening ceramic
d) Metal ceramic restoration
e) All-ceramic restoration

EXPECTED TO KNOW 04HRS

Bio-compatibility of Materials & Minimizing Dental Iatrogenesis 01 HR

Physical Properties 01 HR
Stress relaxation

Dental casting alloys 02 HRS

Alternatives to Cast Metal Technology
Noble Alloys for metal ceramic Restorations

CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY SYLLABUS:

MUST KNOW: 30HRS

Introduction to Material Science

Dental Amalgam
Definition, History, Classification
Manufacturing, Composition, Roll of each ingredients
Low Copper & High Copper – Setting Reaction
Properties
Manipulation
Mercury toxicity and hygiene
Dental Cements

48
Introduction and Classification
Cavity Liners, bases and Varnishes
Calcium Hydroxide
Zinc Phosphate
Zinc Polycarboxylate
Zinc Oxide Eugenol and its modifications
Glass Ionomer cements and its modifications
Resin Cements Application, Classification, types, setting reaction, mode of
supply, properties, factors affecting setting, manipulation, biocompatibility,
advantages,
Disadvantages, uses and all other relevant information about above individual
cements

Restorative Resins – Composite Resins

History, Classification, Composition
Polymerization, Filled and unfilled, Other types
Properties, Biocompatibility
Acid Etching in detail
Dentin Bonding Agents-Generations, Concepts
Sandwich technique
Pit & Fissure Sealants
Clinical Implications

Root Filling materials

Gutta Percha
Sealers

Direct Filling Gold

Types
Degassing
Properties
Compaction
Clinical Considerations

DESIRABLE TO KNOW: 05HRS

Newer modified amalgams

Bonded amalgams

Dental Cements
Silicate cements
Zinc silico Phosphates
49
Restorative Resins – Composite Resins
Recent Advances
Indirect Composite materials
Root Filling materials
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)
Advances in Obturating materials

Miscellaneous Materials
Smart Materials

2.3.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

NAME OF MARKS
TIME ALLOTTED
EXERCISE ALLOTTED
Spotters 40 Mins 40
Manipulation 40 Mins 40
Journal NA 10

50
SECTION 3

51
 SECTION-3
CHAPTER-1

GENERAL MEDICINE

3.1.1.a: AIMS: To be able to examine, diagnose and treat a patient

medically in a dental practise.

3.1.1.b OBJECTIVES:

Knowledge & Understanding: The Curriculum is structured to

occur in the patient care context through the recognition and
application of the principles of verbal and written communication
with patients, families, colleagues, and other healthcare
professionals, and in discussions and presentations with healthcare
professionals.

Skills: Residents are expected to be able to use scientific evidence

and methods to investigate, evaluate, and improve patient care
practices.

Attitudes: Students are expected to demonstrate behaviours that

reflect a commitment to continuous professional development, ethical
practice, an understanding and sensitivity to diversity and a
responsible attitude toward their patients, their profession, and
society.

3.1.1.c OUTCOMES:
Students shall demonstrate the ability to apply this
knowledge to improve and optimize health care.

52
3.1.2: SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)
MUST KNOW 45HRS
1. Aims of medicine, Definitions of signs, symptoms, diagnosis, differential
diagnosis, treatment & prognosis

2. Infections.
Enteric fever, AIDS, Herpes Simplex, Herpes Zoster, Syphills Diphtheria

3. G.I.T
Stomatitis, gingival hyperplasia, dysphagia, acid septic disease, jaundice,
acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, ascites.

4. CVS
Acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic valvular heart disease, hypertension,
ischemic heart disease, infective endocarditis, common arrthythmias,
congenital heart disease, congestive cardiac failure.

5. RS
Pneumonia, COPD,Bronchiectasis, Pulmonary TB, Bronchial asthma,
Lung Abcess.

6. Hematology
Anaemias, bleeding & clotting disorders, leukemias, lymphomas,
agranulocytosis, splenomegaly, oral manifestations, hematologic
disorders, generalized Lymphadenopathy.

7. Renal System
Acute nephritis
Nephrotic syndrome

8. Nutrition
Avitaminosis, PEM

9. CNS
Facial palsy, facial pain including trigeminal neuralgia, Epilepsy,
Meningitis and headaches including migraine.

10. Endocrines
Diabetes Mellitus Acromegaly, Hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis,
Calcium metabolism and parathyroids.

53
11. Critical care
Syncope, cardiac arrest, CPR, shock

DESIRABLE TO KNOW 20HRS

Infectious mononucleosis mumps
Measles, rubella
Malaria
Diarrhoea
Dysentery including Amoebiasis
Malabsorption
Pleural effusion, Pneumothorax
Lung cancers.
Renal failure.
Balanced diet
Examination of comatose patient
Examination of cranial nerves.
Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome.
Acute LVF
ARDS

CLINICAL TRAINING:
The students must be able to:
- Take History
- Do general physical examination including build, nourishment, pulse,
BP, respiration, clubbing, cyanosis, jaundice, oedema, nails, lymph
nodes & Oral Cavity.
- Examination of CVS, RS, abdomen and facial nerve.

3.1.3: EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of Exercise Time Allotted Marks Allotted

Long case 45 Mins. 35
Short Case 25 Mins. 25
Radiographs & Drugs 25 Mins. 25
Journal NA 05

54
 SECTION-3
CHAPTER-2
3.2. GENERAL SURGERY

3.2.1.a AIM: By taking on the clinical care of the patients with graduated
responsibilities the residents develop their communication and surgical skills
and apply their medical knowledge to the surgical diseases of their patients.

3.2.1.b OBJECTIVES:
i) Knowledge and understanding: Students shall learn to
communicate effectively, caringly and professionally with
patients, families and colleagues

ii) Skills: Students will be able to make evidence based decisions

about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, utilizing up-to-
date scientific evidence and clinical judgment.

iii) Attitudes: Students shall be given an understanding of the basic

science that is the foundation for surgical practice and have a
clinical knowledge necessary to treat the broad range of surgical
diseases.

3.2.1.c: OUTCOMES:
Student must develop the manual dexterity appropriate at each level to deal
with all surgical eventualities.

3.2.2 : SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW 50 HRS

1 Introduction to Surgery (History & Principles)

2 Wounds
3 Inflammation, Aetiology, Pathology & Management
4 Carbuncle, Cellulitis, Abscess, Ludwig’s angina, Erysepelas
5 Tetanus
6 Gas Gangrene
7 Chronic Infection – Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Leprosy, Actinomycosis
8 Viral Infections, HIV & Hepatitis B
9 Shock-Definition, Classification, Pathophysiology & Management
10 Haemorrhage – Types, Aetiology, Clinical features & Management &
Syncope

55
11 Blood groups & Blood transfusion
12 Tumours – classification, Aetiology, Methods of spread, Investigations
& modalities of treatment
13 Ulcer, Cyst, Sinuses & fistulae – Definition, Classification, Aetiology
and treatment
14 Lymphoma
15 Resuscitation
16 Tracheostomy – Indication, Procedure & management
17 Facial Nerve affections and Trigeminal Neuralgia
18 Salivary gland – Tumours, Classification, Pathology, Investigation and
treatment
19 Fractures – Principles, Classification, Healing & management
20 Sterilization
21 Dressings – Types & uses
22 Sutures – Types of uses
23 Diathermy & other methods of Haemostasis
24 Swellings of Jaw – Dentigerous cyst, Admantinoma
25 Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate – Principles of management
26 Neck – Anatomy, Triangles, midline & lateral Swellings
27 Thyroid – Anatomy Physiology Benign & management diseases,
clinical features and management
28 Biopsy – Types, Indication & Procedure
29 Benign diseases of mouth, Lip, Tongue & Palate
30 Oral Carcinoma – Aetiology, Pathology, investigation and management

DESIRABLE TO KNOW 10HRS

1 Burns – Aetiology, Classification Pathophysiology and management
2 Principles of Radiotherapy
3 Principles of Chemotherapy
4 Lymphoedema
5 Laryngocele, Tumours of Nasopharynx
6 Peripheral nerve Injuries
7 Parathyroid – Anatomy, Physiology Benign & Malignant diseases,
Clinical features & Management
8 Operation Theatre techniques
9 Disease of Tonsils
10 Head Injury
11 Blood Coagulation – Factors, mechanism Intrinsic and Extrinsic
pathways.
12 Deep Vein Thrombosis.
13 Local Anaesthesia – Indications, Nature of Drugs used, Dosage,
Toxicity

56
14 Principles of General Anaesthesia – Preoperative evaluation, stages of
Anaesthesia, Nature of Drugs used & their toxicity
15 Peripheral Nerve Injuries
16 Varicose Veins

3.3.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of Exercise Time Allotted Marks Allotted

Long case 45 Mins. 35
Short Case 25 Mins. 25
Radiographs 25 Mins. 25
Instruments & CathetersDrugs
Journal 05

57
 SECTION-3
CHAPTER-3
3.3 ORAL PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
3.3.1.a AIM:
The dental students should acquire complete knowledge of
embryology,anatomy and physiology of hard and soft tissues of oral and
paraoral region and to train dental graduates so as to ensure competence and
necessary skills in the diagnosis and prevention of dental and oral diseases.

3.3.1.b OBJECTIVES:

i) Knowledge And Understanding:

Adequate knowledge about the morphology of the teeth.
Adequate knowledge about histology of teeth and other oral
structures.

Adequate knowledge of the embryology, development of face, tooth

and salivary glands.

Understanding the etiopathogenesis of oral potential malignant

disorders and oral cancer.

Understanding the etiopathogenesis of various oral lesions and

developmental anomalies.

Understanding the basics of the histopathologic techniques.

ii) Skill:
Able to carve teeth of permanent dentition

Able to diagnose oral lesions based on histopatholoical features.

Able to differentiate the normal from abnormal tissues based on

macro and microscopic features

Develop the skill of preparing and interpretation of ground section of

teeth

iii) Attitudes:
1. Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct and
apply these in all aspects of professional life
58
 2. Apply the current knowledge of etiopathogenesis of the oral
lesions for their diagnosis in general clinical practice
3. To apply the knowledge of morphology of the teeth in the clinical
practice of restorative dentistry
4. To help and to participate in the implementation of oral potential
malignant disorders and oral cancer screening surveys and camps.

3.3.1.c OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course the student should be able to do definite diagnosis
and treatment competently.
The student should be able to make decision about higher education related to
research pertaining to oral pathology.
The student should be able to refer the cases properly to the concern
discipline.

3.3.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW 109 HRS
1 Developmental Disturbances of oral and paraoral structures 03 HRS
Developmental disturbances of hard tissues:
-dental arch relations,
-disturbances related to -
-size,shape,number and structure of teeth,
-disturbances related to eruption and shedding.
Developmental disturbances of soft
tissues: Lip,palate,oral mucosa,gingival,tongue and salivary glands
Craniofacial anomalies
2 Benign and Malignant tumors of oral cavity 25 HRS
Potentially Malignant Disorders of epithelial tissue origin.
-Definitions and nomenclature
-Epithelial dysplasia
-Lesions and conditions:leukoplakia, erythroplakia,oral lichen planus
and oral submucous fibrosis.
Benign tumors of epithelial tissue origin.
- Squamous papilloma, Oral nevi.
Malignant tumors of epithelial tissue origin.
-Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Definition and
nomenclature,etiopathogenesis, TNM staging
,Broder’s and Bryne’s grading systems.
-Verrucous carcinoma
-Basal cell carcinoma: Definition etiopathogenesis and histopathology
-Malignant melanoma: Definition etiopathogenesis and histopathology
59
 Benign and malignant tumors of connective tissue
-Fibroblast origin:oral fibromas and fibromatosis,peripheral ossifying
fibroma peripheral giant cell granuloma, pyogenic granuloma and
Fibrosarcoma
-Adipose tissue origin:Lipoma
-Endothelial origin(blood and lymphatics: Hemangiomas and
lymphangiomas, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiactasia, Kaposi’s
sarcoma
Bone and cartilage: Chondroma,osteoma,osteoid osteoma, benign
osteoblastoma, osteosarcoma, torus palatinus and mandibularis
-Muscle tissue origin:
[Link],rhabdomyosarcoma.
-Nerve tissue origin:Traumatic neuroma, neurilemmoma, neurofibroma
-Lymphomas: Definition, classification, differences between Hodgkins
and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma and Burkitts lymphoma

3 Tumors of salivary glands 05 HRS

-Histogenesis
-Classification.
-Benign tumors: pleomophic adenoma,Warthin tumor,myoepithelioma
-Malignant tumors: mucoepidermoid carcinoma,adenoid cystic
carcinoma,polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma

4 Non-neoplastic diseases of salivary glands 04 HRS

-Xerostomia, Sjogren syndrome, Mickuliz syndrome, Sialadenosis,
necrotizing sialometaplasia, mucocele and sialolithiasis

5 Odontogenic and Non-Odontogenic cysts 08 HRS

-Definition
-Classification
-Lesions: Keraocystic odontogenic tumor,dentigerous cyst, calcifying
odontogenic cyst, radicular cyst and dental lamina cyst of new born and
eruption cysts.
Non-Odontogenic cysts: Solitary bone cyst and aneurismal bone cyst

6 Odontogenic tumors 09 HRS

-Definition
-Classification
-Lesions: Ameloblastoma, Squamous odontogenic tumour, Calcifying
epithelial odontogenic tumour, - Ameloblastic fibroma, fibrodentinoma,
Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma, Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, Complex
odontoma,Compound odontoma, Ameloblastic carcinoma and malignant
ameloblastoma.
60
 -Odontogenic fibroma (simple and WHOtype), Odontogenic myxoma or
myxofibroma, Benign cementoblastoma

7 Bacterial infections of oral cavity 02 HRS

-Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Diptheria, Noma, Leprosy, Actinomycosis, Tetanus.

8 Viral infections of oral cavity 04 HRS

-Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, Measles, Rubella, Herpangina, Mumps,
Chicken pox, Molluscum contagiosum and Oral manifestations of HIV
infection.

9 Mycotic infections of oral cavity 02 HRS

-Candidiasis, South American Blastomycosis, North American
Blastomycosis, Mucormycosis

10 Diseases of the periodontium 04 HRS

-Classification
-Etiopathogenesis
-Lesions: Gingivitis, ANUG, Gingival enlargement, desquamative
gingivitis, Chronic and aggressive periodontitis.
- Trauma from occlusion
11 Dental caries 05 HRS
-Definition
-Classification
-Etiopathogenesis,Theories, microbiology of dental caries,
histopathology of enamel, dentinal and cemental caries.

12 Diseases of pulp and periapical tissue 04 HRS

-Definition
-Classification
-Lesions: acute pulpitis,chronic pulpitis,chronic hyperplastic pulpitis,
pulp abscess,pulp necrosis,pulp fibrosis,periapical granuloma, periapical
abscess, periapical cyst
-Sequale of pulpitis.
- Osteomyelitis: Definition, classification, etiopathogenesis,
-Types: Acute and chronic suppurative Osteomyelitis, Garre’s
Osteomyelitis

13 Spread of oral infection 02 HRS

- Focus of infection
-Focal infection
Routes of spread of infection
61
 -Space infections: cellulitis, space infections, ludwing’s angina,
Maxillary sinusitis,

14 Physical and chemical injuries to the oral tissues 02 HRS

-Traumatic cyst,bruxism,tooth ankylosis,linea alba,traumatic ulcerations
of oral mucosa(eosinophilic granuloma),denture sore mouth, epulis
fissuratum,mucocele, ranula, sialolithiasis,radiation effects of oral and
paraoral tissues-osteoradionecrosis
-Plumbism,mercury poisoning,argyria,effects of tetracycline

15 Regressive alterations of the teeth 02 HRS

-Attrition, abrasion and erosion
- sclerotic dentin, dead tracts, secondary dentin, pulp calcification,
resorption of teeth,hypercementosis,cementicles

16 Healing of oral wounds 03 HRS

-Factors affecting wound healing
-Complications
-Healing of wounds: gingivectomy, biopsy,extraction and fracture),
-Biopsy techniques, exfoliative cytology

17 Oral aspects of metabolic diseases 03 HRS

-Classification
-Disturbances of mineral metabolism: calcium and phosphorus-
osteoporosis, rickets. Fluoride and fluorosis.
- Disturbances of protein metabolism: marasmus and Kwashiorkor
-Amyloidosis
-Avitaminosis: vitamin A,D,K.C and B-complex
- Disturbances of hormonal metabolism: Hypo and hyper pituitarism,
Addison’s disease, hypo and hyper parathyroidism, diabetes mellitus

18 Allergic and immunologic diseases of the oral cavity 03 HRS

-Definition and nomenclature
-Lesions: recurrent aphthous stomatitis,reiter’s syndrome,behcet’s
syndrome,contact dermatitis and stomatitis, sarcoidosis

19 Diseases of bone and joints 05 HRS

-Osteogenesis imperfecta, fibrous dysplasia, cherubism, cleidicranial
dysplasia,Down’s syndrome, Pagets disease, Cementoblastoma
-Hyper and hypo parathyroidism, rickets
-Developmental disturbances of TMJ,: ankylosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
osteoarthritis

62
20 Diseases of blood and blood forming organs 04 HRS
-RBC diseases:
-Anemias: iron deficiency anemia and plummervinson syndrome,
pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell
anemia, aplastic anemia,erythroblastosis foetalis and polycythemia vera.
-WBC diseases: agranulocytosis,cyclic neutropenia, leukocytosis and
leucopenia, infectious mononucleosis,leukemias
-Platelet and coagulation diseases: Purpura, thrombocytopenia,
hemophilia, von Willebrand’s disease

21 Diseases of the skin 06 HRS

-Ectodermal dysplasia, oral lichen planus, psoriasis, erhthema
multiformae, pemphigus pemphigoid (bullous, cicatricial),
epidermolysis bullosa, Lupus erythematosis, systemic sclerosis,
Dyskeratosis congenita,

22 Diseases of nerves and muscles 02 HRS

-Trigeminal neuralgia, auriculotemporal syndrome, Bell’s palsy, burning
mouth syndrome, glossodynia and glossopyrosis, migraine
-Classification of diseases of muscles, myasthenia gravis, myositis
ossificans

23 Forensic odontology 02 HRS

-Definitions and nomenclature
-Personal identification
-Dental identification
-Palatal rugae patterns
-Age estimation,
-Bite marks: classification, appearance, investigations, analysis,
comparison and conclusion
-Lip prints.

DESIRABLE TO KNOW: 40HRS

1 Developmental disturbances of oral lymphoid tissue

& Fissural(inclusion)cysts of oral region- lateral
periodontal cyst,residual cyst, glandular odontogenic
cyst, cysts of maxillary antrum and cysts of soft tissues. 03 HRS

63
2 Benign And Malignant Tumors Of Oral Cavity 05 HRS
- Squamous acanthoma, Keratoacanthoma,
-Angiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma
-MEN syndrome, malignant nerve tumors, granular cell tumor,
-Different histological grading systems,
-Histological variants and molecular biology of squamous cell
carcinoma
-Histological variants
-Clarks and Breslow system
-Giant cell fibroma, myofibroma,fibromatosis,benign and
malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
- Lipoblastoma
- Liposarcoma-Vascular malformations,sturge weber syndrome,
angiofibroma. hemangioendothelioma,hemangiopericytoma.
- Chondroblastoma and Ewing’s sarcoma and other varients of
lymphomas

3 Oncocytoma,Ductal Papillomas, Cyst Adenomas,Other

Malignant Tumors Oncocytosis. 04 HRS

4 Odontoameloblastoma, odontogenic carcinomas,

odontogenic sarcomas 04 HRS.

5 Infections Of Oral Cavity 06 HRS

Botromycosis, Tularemia, Melioidisis, Gonorrhea,
Rhinoscleroma, Cat-Scratch disease
-Rhinosporidiasis, Cryptococcosis, Coccidioidomycosis,
Sporotrichosis

4 Deposits On Teeth(Stains,Plaque And Calculus),

Periodontal Abscess, Pericoronitis 01 HRS

5 Caries Activity Tests, Immunology Of Dental Caries,

Caries Vaccine, Methods Of Caries Control 02 HRS

6 Aerodontolgia,Condensing Osteitis,Chronic Diffuse

Sclerosing Osteomyelitis, Florid Osseous Dysplasia,
Sclerotic Cemental Masses 01 HR

7 Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis, Mechanism And

Significance of oral Foci of Infection 01 HRS

64
8 Reactions To Preparation Of Teeth For Restorative Procedures, High
Speed Instrumentation For Cavity And Crown Preparation, Restorative
Materials, Direct Adhesive And Non-Adhesive Restorations, Indirect
Restorations, Bacteria At Tooth Restoration Interface And
Microleakage.
-Effects of orthodontic tooth movement and burns.
-Non-allergic local reactions to drugs and chemicals
-Effects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. 02 HRS

9 Abfraction, Reticular Atrophy Of The Pulp 01 HRS

- Replantation and transplantation of teeth
- Implants and osseointegrated implants

10 Disturbances Of Mineral Metabolism(Trace Elements)

-Porphyria
-Lysosomal storage diseases
- Disturbances of carbohydrate
metabolism:mucopolysaccharidosis
-Vitamin E
-Progeria 01 HRS

11 Chronic Granulomatius Disease.

Midline Lethal Granuloma, Uveoparotid Fever,
Wegeners Granulomatosis,Angioedema 01 HRS

12 Craniofacial Dysostosis, Mandibulofacial Dysostosis,

Pierre-Robin’s Syndrome, Apert Syndrome 02 HRS
-Luxation and subluxation,TMJ syndrome,
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, eosinophilic granuloma
and Hand-Schuller-Christian disease

13 Chediak –Higasi Syndrome, Thrombasthenia, Parahemophilia 01 HRS

14 Keratosis Follicularis,White Sponge Nevus,Acanthosis Nigricans,

Paraneoplastic Pemphigus,Hailey- Hailey Disease,Ehlers –Danlos
Syndrome, Goltz’s Syndrome
02HRS

15 Spenopalatine Neuralgia, Miscellaneous Disturbances of

Nerves And Muscles 01HRS

16 Identification In Disasters, Identification From Dental

65
 DNA, Dental Profiling, Sex Identification From Craniofacial
Morphology And Dimensions And By DNA Analysis 02HRS

3.3.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of the exercise Time allotted Marks

i) Identification of slides (10): 50 minutes 80
5 marks each

ii) Identification of specimens(6):

5 marks each
2. Journal - 10
Total 90

66
SECTION-4A

67
 SECTION-4A
CHAPTER-1
4A.1. PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
4A.1.1.a: AIM: The dental graduates during training in the institutions
should acquire adequate knowledge, necessary skills and such attitudes which
are required for carrying out all the activities appropriate to general dental
practice involving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of anomalies and
diseases of the teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues. The graduate
should also understand the concept of community oral health education and
be able to participate in the rural health care delivery programs existing in the
country.

4B.1.1.b OBJECTIVES:

i Knowledge and understanding:

-The graduate should acquire the following during the period of

training.

-Adequate knowledge of the scientific foundations on which

dentistry is based and good understanding of various relevant
scientific methods, principles of biological functions and should be
able to evaluate and analyse scientifically various established facts
and data.

-Adequate knowledge of the development, structure and function of

the teeth, mouth and jaws and associated tissues both in health and
disease and their relationship and effect on general-state of health and
also the bearing on physical and social well-being of the patient.

-Adequate knowledge of clinical disciplines and methods, which

provide a coherent picture of anomalies, lesions and diseases of the
teeth, mouth and jaws and preventive, diagnostic and -therapeutic
aspects of dentistry.

-Adequate clinical experience required for general dental practice.

-Adequate knowledge of biological function and behaviour of

persons in health and sickness as well as the influence of the natural
68
 and social environment on the state of health so far as it affects
dentistry.
ii Skills:
-A graduate should be able to demonstrate the following skills
necessary for practice of dentistry.

-Able to diagnose and manage various common dental problems

encountered in general dental practice, keeping in mind the
expectations and the right of the society to receive the best possible
treatment available wherever possible.

-Acquire skill to prevent and manage complications if encountered

while carrying out various dental surgical and other procedures.

-Possess skill to carry out required investigative procedures and

ability to interpret laboratory findings.

-Promote oral health and help to prevent oral diseases wherever

possible.

- Competent in control of pain and anxiety during dental treatment.

Iii Attitudes: A graduate should develop during the training period the
following attitudes:

-Willing to apply current knowledge of dentistry in the best interest

of the patients and the community.

-Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct and

apply these in all aspects of professional life.

-Seek to improve awareness and provide possible solutions for oral

health problems and needs throughout the community.

-Willingness to participate in the continuing education programmes

to update knowledge and professional skills from time to time.

-To help and to participate in the implementation of national health

programmes.

4A.1.1.c OUTCOMES:
-The student should be able to function independently as a dental
clinician.
69
 -At the end of the 4+1 year program the student should be able to
handle clinical situations competently.
-The student should be able to make an informed decision about
further education.
-The student should be able to make a judicious choice to refer cases
beyond her/his competency.

4A.1.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW 46 HRS

1 Introduction: 01 HR
- History of Dentistry (India and abroad),
- Definitions - Public Health
- Introduction, Definition, History, Changing concepts, History of Public
Health In India Characteristic method and Technique

2 Dental Public Health 01 HR

- Aims, and Objectives, Tools, Procedural Steps in Dental
Public Health, Similarities and dissimilarities between
Clinical Dentistry and Public Health Dentistry, Functions
of the public health dentist

3 Survey 02 HR
- Need, Aims of a Survey, types of survey ,Oral health Surveys
- Basic Methods (WHO-1997)

4 Program Planning and Evaluation. 01 HR

Planning cycle, types of evaluation

5 Biostatistics 03 HRS
- Introduction, Application in Dentistry ,data collection,
Sampling techniques -Measures of Central Tendency,
- Measures of Dispersion, Normal Curve, Presentation of
data- Tables, charts and Diagram.
Tests of Significance,Confidence limits.

6 General Epidemiology 03 HRS

- Introduction, Definition, Aims and Objectives, Principles,
Difference between clinical medicine and Epidemiology,
Basic measurement in Epidemiology, Incidence and
Prevalence. Descriptive Epidemiology,
70
 Analytical Epidemiology (Case control and Cohort study),
Experimental Epidemiology. Uses of Epidemiology.
7 Health 01 HR
- Definition, Changing concepts, Dimension, Determinants,
Ecology, and Spectrum of health.

8 Disease 01 HR
- Concepts, Natural history, Epidemiological Triad, Iceberg
Phenomenon, Spectrum of disease and Dynamics of disease
transmission. Concepts of prevention
(Levels and modes of intervention)

9 Environment and Health 02 HRS

- Water: Norms of Potability, uses of water and sources,
purification of water (Large and small scale), hardness of water
-Air: Composition, air pollution, effects, prevention and
control of air pollution.

10 Social Environment 01 HR
Definitions, Types of Family
Influence of culture on oral health, Influence of social class
on oral health
Types of social classes.
Utilization of dental care according to social class

11 Waste Disposal 01 HR
- Sources of refuse, health hazard and methods of Disposal

12 Communication for Health Education. 02 HRS

- Definition, communication process, types, barriers,
approaches in health education, health education and
Propaganda,
Contents of Health Education, Principles, methods, and aids

13 School health programmes 01 HR

Aims, elements, advantages, disadvantages
School Health programs in developing and developed countries

14 Epidemiology of Dental caries 02 HRS

Host, agent and Environmental factors.
Levels of prevention for dental caries

71
15 Prevention and control of Dental caries. Fluorides 02 HRS
- Introduction, History, Physiology of Fluoride, sources,
- Systemic fluoridation, topical fluoride
- Defluoridation, toxicity, safety dose, Caries vaccine.

16 Caries Activity tests 01 HR

- Pit and fissure sealant.

17 Epidemiology of Periodontal disease. 01 HR

- Host, agent and Environmental factors.
- Prevalence of periodontal disease.

18 Prevention and control of Periodontal Disease. 01HR

- Levels of prevention for periodontal disease.
- Plaque control

19 Epidemiology and Prevention and control of malocclusion. 01 HR

20 Epidemiology Prevention and control of oral cancer. 02 HRS

Host, agent and Environmental factors. Prevalence
Levels of prevention for oral cancer.

21 Indices. 03 HRS
- Introduction, classification, ideal requisites, uses.
- Dental caries indices – DMFT, DMFS, dmft, deft, dft, dfs, defs,
Gingival Indices - Loe and Sillness index
- Plaque Indices- Sillness and Loe index.
- Oral hygiene indices- OHI and OHI-S
Periodontal Indices- Russell's periodontal index, CPITN, CPI.
- Dental fluorosis Index- Dean's fluorosis index
WHO proforma 1997

22 Provision of dental care 01 HR

Private and group practice, Part time practice, HMO, PPO,
Neighborhood health clinic, Portable equipments.

23 Dental Payments. 01 HR
Types of dental payments in detail
Dental insurance

72
24 Dental Auxiliaries. 01 HR
Definition, classification, description of each in Detail ,
New type of dental auxiliaries, Degree of supervision of auxiliaries

25 Health care of the community 01 HR

- PHC, Elements of primary health care, Principles of
primary health care.
Health care system in India.- Public sector, private sector,
indigenous systems voluntary health agency, National
health program and National oral health care program

26 Health agencies around the world. 01 HR

27 WHO 01 HR

28 Dental council of India 01 HR

Dentist's Act 1948

29 Indian Dental Association. Structure, functions. 01 HR

30 Ethics, Ethical Principles, Ethical rules for Dentists 01 HR

31 Dental Jurisprudence and Consumer Protection Act 01 HR

32 Dental Practice Management 01 HR

- Areas for consideration - planning, finance, setting
up of fees, quality care, records, Legal implications,
Consumer related aspects.

33 Child psychology Classification and behavior management. 01 HR

34 Computers in dentistry 01 HR

35 Atraumatic restorative treatment 01 HR

DESIRABLE TO KNOW 15HRS

The UN Millennium developmental goals.

National oral health Policy
Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry.
73
Training and calibration of examiners.
Evaluating a public health problem (Problem Based learning)
Regression techniques
Association and Causation
Investigation of an epidemic
Recent advances in epidemiology
Epidemic, endemic and pandemic diseases across the world.
Light, Requirement of good lighting, Natural and artificial light, methods of
artificial lighting.
Noise: Sources, properties, effects, control.
Radiation: Sources, Types, Biological Effects, Radiation protection.
Social and Cultural Anthropology.
Dental waste disposal.
Health promotion, Approaches to Health Promotion.
WHO contribution, Implementation of school health program.
Trends in dental caries in developed and developing countries
Caries risk assessment i.e. Cariogram
Chairside caries activity test newer advances in pit and fissure sealants
Periodontal risk assessment
Tobacco control and Habit cessation. New modalities in diagnosis of oral
cancer
Genetics and oral cancer
Malocclusion indices-.
Recent dental caries index i.e. ICDAS
Indices for incipient caries
Community fluorosis index.
Provision of dental care in India
National Rural Health Mission
Contribution of centre and state in oral health in India, oral health care for
special groups

Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, International Labor

organization.
International food Organization.
WHO goals for oral health.
Organisation of IDA in India
Nuremberg code,
Declaration of Geneva,
World medical association
International code of Medical ethics,
Declaration of Helsinki Ethics in Dental Research
Classification of malpractice
New materials for ART
74
 4A.1.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

NAME OF EXERCISE TIME ALLOTTED MARKS ALLOTTED

Case History including 01 Hr 50
Indices.
Project Work NA 15
Journal NA 05
Preventive Procedure 20 mins 20
Viva 10 mins 20

75
 SECTION-4A
CHAPTER-2
4A.2. PERIODONTOLOGY

4A.2.1.a AIMS:
The dental graduate during training in the institution should acquire adequate
knowledge, necessary skills and attitude which are required to perform
diagnosis of periodontal diseases and render periodontal therapy and
maintenance of the same.

The graduate should also understand the concept of preventive periodontics

and should be able to participate in health care delivery programs.

4A.2.1.b OBJECTIVES:
The Students shall acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to perform
Dental scaling diagnostic tests and use various instruments for periodontal
therapy and its maintenance

I Knowledge & understanding:

Student should have knowledge regarding etiology pathogenesis,
diagnosis and management of common periodontal diseases with
emphasis on Indian population.

Basic knowledge regarding biochemical, microbiology,

immunologic and genetic aspects of periodontal pathology.

Knowledge regarding various treatment modalities of periodontal

diseases from historical aspect to present with emphasis on newer
advances like LASERS, Microsurgery and Piezosurgery.

Knowledge regarding various preventive periodontal procedures.

Basic Knowledge regarding interrelationship of periodontal

diseases and systemic conditions and its effect on pathogenesis
and treatment planning.

Knowledge regarding periodontal hazards of deleterious habits

and its prevention.

76
 Knowledge of decision making regarding surgical and non
surgical periodontal therapy.
Brief knowledge, understanding and skills regarding art and
science of oral Implantology.

II Skills:
Take a proper clinical history and thorough examination of extra
oral and intra oral structures with special emphasis on gingiva
and periodontal tissues.

Medical history evaluation and advising essential diagnostics test

and its interpretation.

Skills regarding basic life support and management of medical

emergencies in dental practice.

Following appropriate infection control protocol and asepsis.

Skills regarding use of various surgical and non surgical

periodontal instruments.

Application of knowledge regarding chair position and principles

of instrumentation.

Skills of sharpening blunt periodontal instruments.

Skills in use of ultrasonic scalers.

Skills to use R.V.G. and its interpretation.

III Attitudes:
The students should develop attitude to impart periodontal
preventive measures for causation and progression of periodontal
diseases.

Students should develop and attitude to perform the treatment

with full aseptic precautions.

Develop and an attitude to prevent iatrogenic diseases.

Attitude to conserve the tooth to maximum possible time by

maintaining periodontal health.

77
 Attitude to understand ones limitation and timely referral to a
specialist.
4A.2.1.c OUTCOMES:

-Students should be able to independently record case history of a

periodontal patient.

-Student should be able to determine diagnosis, prognosis and

make a treatment plan.

-Student should able to perform scaling and root planning and local
drug delivery.

-Student should be able to render supportive periodontal care after

active periodontal treatment is completed and motivate the
patient to this effect.

Student should be able to make a judicious choice regarding

referral about cases beyond his/ her competency.

4A.2.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW 73HRS

1. Introduction: 01 HRS
Definition of Periodontology, Periodontics, Periodontia
2. Development of periodontal tissues: 02 HRS
Micro –structural Anatomy & biology of periodontal tissues in detail,
gingiva, junctional epithelium in detail, epithelial - mesenchymal
interaction, periodontal ligament cementum alveolar bone.

3. Defensive mechanisms in the oral cavity: 02 HRS

Role of epithelium, gingival fluid, saliva and other
defensive mechanisms in the oral environment.

4. Age change in periodontal structures 01 HR

5. Classification of periodontal diseases: 02 HR

need for classification, classification of gingival and periodontal
diseases as described in world workshop 1989, AAP 1999.

78
Gingivitis:-
Plaque associated, ANUG, steroid hormone influenced, medication
influenced, desquamative gingivitis, other forms of gingivitis as in
nutritional deficiency, bacterial and viral infections etc.
Periodontitis :-
Chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and refractory
periodontitis.

6. Gingival Diseases: 03 HRS

- Localized and generalized gingivitis.
- Papillary, marginal and diffuse gingivitis.
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs,
Symptoms and management of Plaque associated gingivitis.
- Systemically aggravated gingivitis, hormones, drugs and systemic
diseases
- ANUG
- Periocoronitis
- Gingival enlargement (Classification & differential diagnosis)

7. Extension of Inflammation from Gingiva:- 01 HR

Mechanism of spread of inflammation from gingival area
to deeper periodontal structures.
Factors that modify the spread

8. Pocket 03 HRS
Definition, signs and symptoms, classification, pathogenesis,
histopathology, root surface changes and contents of the pocket

9. Etiology 05 HRS
Dental Plaque (Bio film)- Definition, new concept of bio film
- Types composition, bacterial colonization, growth, maturation and
disclosing agents.
- Role of dental plaque in periodontal diseases.
Plaque microorganisms in details and bacteria associated with
periodontal diseases.
- Plaque retentive factors
Material alba:-
- Food debris
- Calculus
- Definition
- Types, composition, attachment, theories of formation
- Role of calculus in disease
Food impaction:-
79
 - Definition
- Types, etiology
- Hirschfeld’s classification
- Signs, symptoms & sequelae of treatment
Trauma From Occlusion
- Definition, types
- Histopathological changes
- Role in periodontal disease
- Measures of management in brief

Systemic Disease 02 HRS

- Diabetes, sex hormones, nutrition (vit. C.& proteins)
- Aids & periodontium
- Hemorrhagic diseases, Leukemia, clotting factor disorders, PMN
disorders

10. Risk factors 01 HR

- Definition, risk factors for periodontal diseases.

11. Host Response 03 HRS

- Mechanism of initiation and progression of periodontal diseases
- Basic concepts about cells, mast cells neutrophils, macrophages,
lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, complement system, immune
mechanisms and cytokines in brief.
- Stages in gingivitis –initial, early, established and advanced

12. Periodontitits 07 HRS

- etiology, histopathology, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis and
treatment of chronic periodontitis
- periodontal abscess, definition, classification, pathogenesis,
differential diagnosis and treatment.
- Furcation involvement Glickman’s, classification, prognosis and
management.
- Aggressive periodontitis.
- Periodontitis associated with systemic diseases
- Refractory periodontitis

13. Diagnosis 03 HRS

- Routine procedures, method of probing, type of probes (according to
case history)
- Halitosis etiology and treatment, mention advanced diagnostic aids
and theirs role in brief.

80
14. Prognosis 01 HR
- Definition, types, purpose and factors to be taken into consideration

15. Treatment Plan 10HRS

Factors to be considered
Periodontal therapy
A. General principles of periodontal therapy. Phase I,II,II, IV therapy
- Definition of periodontal regeneration, repair, new attachment.
B. Plaque control
- Mechanical tooth brushes, interdental cleaning aids, dentifrices.
- Chemical: Classification and mechanism of action of each & pocket
irrigation.

17. Pocket eradication procedures 04 HRS

- Scaling and root planning
- Indication
- Aims and objectives
- Healing following root planning
- Hand instruments, sonic, ultrasonic & piezo electric scalers.
- Curettage and present concepts
- Definition
- Indications
- Aims and objectives
- Procedures and healing response
- Flap surgery
- Definition
- Types of flaps designs of flap papilla preservation
- Indication and contraindications
- Armamentarium
Surgical procedure and healing response

18. Osseous surgery 04 HRS

- Osseous defects in periodontal diseases
- Definition
- Classification
Surgery :
- Resective, additive osseous surgery (osseous grafts with classification
of grafts)
- Healing responses
- Other regenerative procedures : root conditioning
Guided tissue regeneration
81
19. Mucogingival surgery & periodontal plastic surgeries 03 HRS
- Definition
- Mucogingival problem : etiology, classification of gingival recession
(P.D. Miller Jr. & Sullivan and Atkins)
- Indication and objectives
- Gingival extension procedures : lateral pedicle graft frenectomy,
frenotomy, frenoplasty
- Crown lengthening procedures
Periodontal microsurgery in brief

20. Splints 01 HR
- Periodontal splints
- Purpose and classification principles of splinting

21. Hypersensitivity 01 HR
- Causes, theories & management

22. Implants 02 HRS

- Definition, types scope and biomaterials uses.

23. Maintenance phase 01 HR

- Aims, objective, & principles
- Importance

24. Pharmaco – Therapy 01 HR

- periodontal dressings
- Antibiotics and anti inflammatory drugs local drugs delivery system.

25. Periodontal management of medically compromised patients 02 HRS

- Topics concerning periodontal management of medically
compromised patients

26. Inter - disciplinary care 03 HRS

- Pulpo- periodontal involvement
- Perio ortho

27. Systemic Effects of periodontal diseases in brief 02 HRS

- Cardiovascular diseases, low birth weight babies diabetes etc.

28. Infection control protocol 02 HRS

- Sterilization and various aseptic procedures.

82
DESIRABLE TO KNOW 09HRS

Desquamative Gingivitis:- 02 HRS

- Gingivitis associated with lichen planus, pemphigoid,
pemphigus, and other vesiculobullous lesions,
- Allergic gingivitis
- Infective gingivitis – herpetic, bacterial and candidial.
Epidemiology of Periodontology Disease: 02 HRS
- Definition of index, incidence, prevalence, epidemiology
endemic epidemic and pandemic
- Classification of indices (Irreversible and reversible)
- Deficiencies of earlier indices used in Periodontics
- Detailed understanding of silness & Loe Plaque index, loe & silness
Gingival index, CPITN & CPI
- Prevalence of periodontal disease in India and other countries.
- Public health significance (All these topics )

Habits 01 HRS
- Their periodontal significance
- Bruxism and parafunctional habits, tongue thrusting, lip biting,
occupational habits.

Prosthodontics 01 HR
- Interrelationship,Bridges and other prosthesis, pontics (types ),
surface contour, relationships of margins to the periodontium, gingival
protection theory, muscle action theory and theory of access to oral
hygiene.

Orthodontics 01 HR
- Interrelationship, removable appliances and fixed appliances
Retention of plaque, bacterial changes
- Periodontal disease activity, continuous paradigm, random burst and
asynchronous multiple burst hypothesis.
Periodontal considerations ; such as implant bone interface, implant –
gingival interface, implant
failure, peri- implantitis and management.
Procedures 01 HR

Maintenance of implants 01 HR

83
 4A.2.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN
Name Of Exercise Time Allotted Marks Allotted
Scaling & Polishing 45 Mins 40
Clinical Case examination, History 45 Mins 25
Taking and Treatment Planning.
Post-Operative Instructions, 30 Mins 20
Chairside Viva.
Journal NA 05

84
 SECTION-4A
CHAPTER-3
ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL
ORTHOPAEDICS

4A.3.1a Aim:
The subject of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics is directed
toward providing the dental student with the knowledge and skills
necessary to recognize a developing or established malocclusion, provide
preventive and therapeutic treatment within the scope of the general dental
practice, consult as a team member with the specialist, refer cases requiring
specialist care as appropriate, and coordinate comprehensive care of the
patient. Didactic and laboratory exercises provide a strong foundation for
delivery of limited orthodontic treatment as part of an adult and child
patient's comprehensive dental care.

4A.3.1.b. Objectives:
The training programme in this subject is to structure and achieve the
following objectives.

Knowledge and Understanding:

1. The dynamic interaction of biologic processes and mechanical
forces acting on they stomatognathic system during orthodontic
treatment
2. The etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment planning
of various common Orthodontic problems
3. Various treatment modalities in Orthodontics: preventive,
85
 interceptive and corrective
4. Basic sciences relevant to the practice of Orthodontics
5. Interaction of social, cultural, economic, genetic and
environmental factors and their relevance to management of oro
- facial deformities.
6. Factors affecting the long-range stability of orthodontic
correction and their management
7. Personal hygiene and infection control, prevention of cross
infection and safe disposal of hospital waste, keeping in view
the high prevalence of Hepatitis and HIV and other highly
contagious diseases.

Skills:
1. To obtain proper clinical history, methodical examination of the
patient, perform essential diagnostic procedures, and interpret
them and arrive at a reasonable diagnosis about the Dentofacial
deformities.
2. Should be competent to fabricate and manage the most
appropriate removable appliance (active or passive) for the
treatment of any orthodontic problem to be treated singly or as a
part of multidisciplinary treatment of oro-facial deformities.
Attitudes:
1. Develop an attitude to adopt ethical principles in all aspects of
Orthodontic practice.
2. Professional honesty and integrity are to b fostered
3. Treatment care is to be delivered irrespective of the social
Status, cast, creed or colleagues
4. Willingness to share the knowledge and clinical experience with
professional colleagues
5. Willingness to adopt, after a critical assessment, new methods
and techniques of orthodontic management developed from time
to time based on scientific research, which are in the best
interest of the patient.
6. Respect patient’s rights and privileges, including patient’s right
to information and right to seek a second opinion.
7. Develop attitude to seek opinion from allied medical and dental
specialists as and when required.

4A.3.1.c. OUTCOMES
1. Develop adequate communication skills particularly with the
patients giving them the various options available to manage a
particular Dentofacial problem and to obtain a true informed
consent from them for the most appropriate treatment available
86
 at that point of time.
2. Develop the ability to communicate with professional
colleagues, in Orthodontics or other specialities through various
media like correspondence, Internet, e-video, conference, etc.
To render the best possible treatment.

4A.3.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW 50 HRS

1. Introduction 01HR
Definition, Historical Background, aims and Objectives of Orthodontics
and Need for Orthodontics care

2. Growth and Development 02HR

In General a. Definition
b. Growth spurts and Differential growth
c. Factors influencing growth and Development
d. Methods of measuring growth
e. Growth theories (Genetic, Sicher’s, Scott’s,Moss’s, Petrovic’s,
Multifactorial)
f. Genetic and epigenetic factors in growth
g. Cephalocaudal gradient in growth

3. Morphologic Development of Craniofacial structures 02 HR

a. Methods of bone growth
b. Prenatal growth of craniofacial structures
c. Postnatal growth and development of cranial base, maxilla, mandible,
dental arches and occlusion.

4. Functional Development of Dental Arches and Occlusion 02 HR

a. Factors influencing functional development of dental arches and
occlusion
b. Forces of Occlusion
c. Wolff’s law of transformation of bone
d. Trajectories of forces

5. Clinical Application of Growth and development. 02HRS

6. Malocclusion - In General 02 HRS

87
a. Concept of normal occlusion
b. Definition of malocclusion
c. Description of different types of dental, skeletal and functional
malocclusion.

7. Classification of Malocclusion 02 HRS

Principle, description, advantages and disadvantages of classification of
malocclusion by Angle’s, Simon’s, Lischer’s and Ackerman and Proffitt’s

8. Normal and Abnormal Function of Stomatognathic system 01 HR

9. Etiology of Malocclusion 02HRS

a. Definition, importance, classification, local and general etiological
factors.
b. Etiology of following different types of malocclusion:
1) Midline diastema
2) Spacing
3) Crowding
4) Cross - Bite: Anterior / Posterior
5) Class III Malocclusion
6) Class II Malocclusion
7)Deep Bite
8) Open Bite
9) Habits

10. Diagnosis And Diagnostic Aids 03 HRS

a. Definition, Importance and classification of diagnostic aids
b. Importance of case history and clinical examination in orthodontics
c. Study Models: - Importance and uses -
Preparation and preservation of study models
d. Importance of intraoral X-rays in orthodontics
e. Panoramic radiographs:- Principles, Advantages, disadvantages and uses
f. Cephalometrics: Its advantages, disadvantages
1. Definition
2. Description and use of cephalostat
3. Description and uses of anatomical landmarks
lines and angels used in cephalometric analysis
4. Analysis - Steiner’s, Down’s, Tweed’s, Rickett’s- E- line
g. Electromyography and its uses in orthodontics
h. Hand and Wrist X-rays and its importance in orthodontics

88
11. General Principles in Orthodontic Treatment Planning Of Dental And
Skeletal Malocclusions 02 HRS

12. Anchorage In Orthodontics – 02HRS

Definition, Classification, Types and Stability Of Anchorage

13. Biomechanical Principles In Orthodontics Tooth movement 02

HRS
a. Different types of tooth movements
b. Tissue response to orthodontic force application
c. Age factor in orthodontic tooth movement
d. Theories of Tooth Movement

14. Preventive Orthodontics 03HRS

a. Definition
b. Different procedures undertaken in preventive orthodontics and their
limitations.

15. Interceptive Orthodontics 03HRS

a. Definition
b. Different procedures undertaken in interceptive orthodontics
c. Serial extractions: Definition, indications, contraindication, technique,
advantages and disadvantages.
d. Role of muscle exercises as an interceptive procedure

16. Corrective Orthodontics 02HRS

a. Definition, factors to be considered during treatment planning.
b. Model analysis: Pont’s, Ashley Howe’s, Bolton’s, Carey’s, Moyer’s
Mixed Dentition Analysis
c. Methods of gaining space in the arch:-
Indications, relative merits and demerits of proximal stripping, arch
expansion and extractions
d. Extractions in Orthodontics - indications and selection of teeth for
extraction

17. Orthodontic Appliances: 01 HRS

General
a. Requisites for orthodontics appliances
b. Classification, indications of Removable and
Functional Appliances
c. Methods of force application
89
d. Materials used in construction of various orthodontic appliances - uses of
stainless steel,
technical considerations in curing of acrylic,
Principles of welding and soldering, fluxes and antifluxes.
e. Preliminary knowledge of acid etching and direct bonding

18. Ethics 01HR

[Link] APPLIANCES 08HRS

REMOVABLE ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

1) Components of removable appliances
2) Different types of clasps and their uses
3) Different types of labial bows and their uses
4) Different types of springs and their uses
5) Expansion appliances in orthodontics:
i) Principles
ii) Indications for arch expansion
iii) Description of expansion appliances and different types
of expansion devices and their uses.
iv)Myofunctional Appliances
v) Rapid maxillary expansion

FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

1. Definition, Indications &
Contraindications
2. Component parts and their uses
3. Basic principles of different techniques: Edgewise,
Begg’s, straight wire.

EXTRAORAL APPLIANCES
1. Headgears
2. Chincup
3. Reverse pull headgears

MYOFUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES
1. Definition and principles
2. Muscle exercise and their uses in orthodontics
3. Functional appliances:
i) Activator, Oral screens, Frankel’s functional regulator,
Bionatar,Twin Block, lip bumper
ii) Inclined planes - upper and lower
90
 Orthodontic Management of Cleft Lip And Palate

20. Principles of Surgical orthodontics 03HRS

Brief Knowledge of correction of :
a. Mandibular Prognathism and Retrognathism
b. Maxillary Prognathism and Retrognathism
c. Anterior open bite and deep bite
d. Cross bite

21. Principle, Differential diagnosis and methods of Treatment of :

03HRS
1. Midline diastema
2. Cross bite
3. Open bite
4. Deep bite
5. Spacing
6. Crowding
7. Class II -Division 1, Division 2
8. Class III Malocclusion - True and Psuedo Class III

22. Retention And Relapse 04 HRS

Definition,
Need for retention
Causes of relapse
Methods of retention,
Different types of retention devices,
Duration of retention,
Theorems of retention

DESIRED TO KNOW 10HRS

Role of Genetic Control In Growth And Development

Late Adult Growth
Mandibular Rotation
Electromyography
Hand Wrist X-Rays
Anchorage Preparation and in Various Treatment Modality
Age Factors In Tooth Movement
Detailed Biomechanics of the moment to force ratio for various tooth
movements
Distalisation of molars
Distal Driving of Entire Arches
91
Elastomeric Impression
Ethics
Types and Principles Of Pre Adjusted Edgewise Appliance.
Fixed Functional Appliances
Surgical Management Of Cleft Lip and Palate
Surgical Procedure for Orthognathic Surgery
True Class III
Fabrication of Retainers
Repair of Lingual Bonded Retainer

4A.3.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of Exercise Time allotted Marks Allotted (90)
Wire Bending 45 Mins. 50 Marks
Model Analysis 30 Mins. 15 Marks
Identification of Appliances, 45 Mins. 20 Marks
Cephalometric Landmarks &
Spotters
Journals NA 05 Marks

92
 SECTION-4A
CHAPTER-4
ORAL MEDICINE, DIAGNOSIS & RADIOLOGY

4A.4.1.a AIM: The subject of Oral Medicine and Radiology aims to train
the students ardently to use basic diagnostic procedures and techniques
useful in recognizing the disease of the oral and paraoral tissues of local
and constitutional origin and their medical management. The subject also
includes formulation of the diagnois and medical management of diseases
specific to the orofacial tissues and of oral manifestations of systemic
diseases. It also aims towards management of behavioral disorders and oral
and dental treatment of medically compromised patients.

4A.4.1.b: OBJECTIVES:
i-Knowledge and understanding:
The graduate should acquire the following during the period of
training.
- The students should be able to record a detailed case history and
clinical examination of the patient to arrive at a provisional
diagnosis.
-They should have knowledge regarding the chair side and
advanced diagnostic methods including radiographic techniques to
formulate final and differential diagnosis.
- Students should be aware of medical complications that can arise
while treating patients and management for the same. They should
be able to manage medically compromised patients and
modifications in the dental treatment for such patients.
- Students should have the knowledge of various intraoral and
extraoral radiographic techniques,radiation safety and radiation
hazards.

ii-Skills:
-A graduate should be able to demonstrate the following skills
necessary for practice of dentistry.
-To diagnose various premalignant and malignant lesions and

93
 conditions, other mucosal disorders and undertaking their medical
management.
-To carry out intraoral radiographic techniques like periapical,
bitewing and occlusal radiographs.
-To carry out the required investigative procedures like tooth
vitality testing, vital staining.
-To prescribe medicines for the common oral and dental
pathologies.

b – Attitudes:
-A graduate should develop during the training period the
following attitudes.
-Willing to apply current knowledge of Oral Medicine and
Radiology in the best interest of the patients and the community.
-Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct and
apply these in all aspects of professional life.
-To handle the patients with great compassion, explain them the
required treatment options and also educate about the preventive
aspects of oral diseases.
-To counsel and educate the population regarding ill effects of
habits like betel nut, tobacco, alcohol etc.

4A.4.1.c: OUTCOMES:
1. The student should be able to function independently as a dental
clinician.
2. At the end of the 4+1 year program the student should be able to
handle clinical situations competently.
3. The student should be able to make an informed decision about
further education.
4. The student should be able to make a judicious choice to refer
cases beyond her/his competency.

4A.4.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW
[Link] medicine and diagnostic AIDS:

Section A-Diagnostic Methods 06 HRS

(1) Definition and importance of Diagnosis and various types of diagnosis
94
(2) Method of clinical examinations.
(a) General Physical examination by inspection.
(b) Oro-facial region by inspection, palpation and other means
(c) To train the students about the importance, role, use of saliva and
techniques of diagnosis of saliva as part of oral disease
(d) Examination of lesions like swellings, ulcers, erosions, sinus, fistula,
growths, pigmented lesions, white and red patches
(e) Examination of lymph nodes
(3) Investigations
(a) Biopsy and exfoliative cytology
(b) Hematological, Microbiological and other tests and investigations
necessary for diagnosis and prognosis

Section B- Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis 04 HRS

(1) Teeth: Developmental abnormalities, causes of destruction of teeth and
their sequelae and discoloration of teeth
(2) Inflamation – Injury, infection and sperad of infection,fascial space
infections, osteoradionecrosis.
(3) Temparomandibular joint: Developmental abnormalities of the condyle.
Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Subluxation and luxation.
(4) Periodontal diseases: Gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, periodontitis,
pyogenic granuloma
(5) Common cysts and Tumors:

CYSTS: Cysts of soft tissue: Mucocele and Ranula 07 HRS

Cysts of bone: Odontogenic and nonodontogenic.
TUMORS:
Soft Tissue:
Epithelial: Papilloma, Carcinoma, Melanoma
Connective tissue: Fibroma, Lipoma, Fibrosarcoma
Vascular: Haemangioma, Lymphangioma
Nerve Tissue: Neurofibroma, Traumatic Neuroma, Neurofibromatosis
Salivary Glands: Pleomorphic adenoma, Adenocarcinoma, Warthin’s
Tumor, Adenoid cystic
carcinoma.
(6) Teeth: Developmental abnormalities, causes of destruction of teeth and
their sequelae and discoloration of teeth
(7) Inflamation – Injury, infection and sperad of infection,fascial space
infections, osteoradionecrosis.
(8) Temparomandibular joint: Developmental abnormalities of the condyle.
Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Subluxation and luxation.
(9) Periodontal diseases: Gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, periodontitis,
95
pyogenic granuloma
(10) Common cysts and Tumors:
CYSTS: Cysts of soft tissue: Mucocele and Ranula
Cysts of bone: Odontogenic and nonodontogenic.
TUMORS:
Soft Tissue:
Epithelial: Papilloma, Carcinoma, Melanoma
Connective tissue: Fibroma, Lipoma, Fibrosarcoma
Vascular: Haemangioma, Lymphangioma
Nerve Tissue: Neurofibroma, Traumatic Neuroma, Neurofibromatosis
Salivary Glands: Pleomorphic adenoma,
Adenocarcinoma, Warthin’s Tumor, Adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Hard Tissue:
Non Odontogenic: Osteoma, Osteosarcoma,
Osteoclastoma, Chondroma, Chandrosarcoma, Central giant cell rumor,
and Central haemangioma
Odontogenic: Enameloma, Ameloblastoma, Calcifying Epithelial
Odontogenic tumor, Adenomatoid Odontogenic tumor, Periapical cemental
dysphasia and
Odontomas

Section C-Oral medicines and therapeutics 18 HRS

(1) Infections of oral and paraoral structures:
Bacterial: Streptococcal, tuberculosis, syphillis, vincents,
leprosy, actinomycosis, diphtheria and tetanus
Fungal: Candida albicans
Virus: Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, ramsay hunt syndrome, measles,
herpangina, mumps, infectious mononucleosis, AIDS and hepatitis-B
(2) Important common mucosal lesions:
White lesions: Chemical burns, leukodema, leukoplakia, fordyce spots,
stomatitis nicotina palatinus, white sponge nevus, candidiasis, lichen
planus, discoid lupus erythematosis
Veiculo-bullous lesions: Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, herpangina, bullous
lichen planus,
pemphigus, cicatricial pemphigoid erythema multiforme.
Ulcers: Acute and chronic ulcers
Pigmented lesions: Exogenous and endogenous
Red lesions: Erythroplakia, stomatitis venenata and medicamentosa,
erosive lesions and denture sore mouth.
(3) Cervico-facial lymphadenopathy
(4) Facial pain:
(i) Organic pain: Pain arising from the diseases of orofacial tissues like
teeth, pulp, gingival,
96
periodontal tissue, mucosa, tongue, muscles, blood vessels, lymph tissue,
bone,
paranasal sinus, salivary glands etc.,
(5) Tongue in local and systemic disorders: (Aglossia, ankyloglossia, bifid
tongue, fissured tongue, scrotal tongue, macroglossia, microglossia,
geographic tongue, median
rhomboid glossitis, depapillation of tongue, hairy tongue, atrophic tongue,
reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, glossodynia, glossopyrosis, ulcers, white
and red patches etc.)

(6) Oral manifestations of:

(i) Metabolic disordeers:
(a) Porphyria
(b) Haemochromatosis
(c) Histocytosis X diseases
(ii) Endocrine disorders:
(a) Pituitary: Gigantism, acromegaly, hypopitutarism
(b) Adrenal cortex: Addison’s disease (Hypofuntion) Cushing’s syndrome
(Hyperfunction)
(c) Parathyroid glands: Hyperparathyroidism.
(d) Thyroid gland: (Hypothyroidism) Cretinism, myxedema
(e) Pancreas: Diabetes
(iii) Nutritional deficiency: Vitamins: riboflavin, nicotinic acid, folic acid
Vitamin B12, Vitamin C (Scurvy
(iv) Blood disorders:
(a) Red blood cell diseases
Deficiency anemias: (Iron deficiency, plummer – vinson syndrome,
pernicious anemia)
Haemolytic anemias: (Thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, erythroblastosis
fetalis) Aplastic anemia, Polycythemia
(b) White Blood cell diseases
Neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, agranulocytosis, infectious
mononeucleosis and leukemias
(c) Haemorrhagic disorders:
Thrombocytopenia, purpura, hemophillia, chrismas disease and von
willebrand’s disease
(8) Disease of salivary glands:
(i) Development distrubances: Aplasia, atresia and aberration
(ii) Functional disturbances:Xerostomia, ptyalism
(iii) Inflammatory conditions: Nonspecific sialadenitis, mumps,
sarcoidosis, heerdfort’s syndrome (Uveoparotid fever), Necrotising
sialometaplasia
(iv) Cysts and tumors: Mucocele, ranula, pleomorphic adenoma,
97
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
(v) Miscellaneous: Sialolithiasis, Sjogren’s syndrome, mikuliez’s disease
and sialosis
(7) Dermatological diseases with oral manifestations:
(a) Ectodermal dysplasia (b) Hyperkerotosis palmarplantaris with
periodontopathy (c)Scleroderma (d) Lichen planus
including ginspan’s syndrome (e) Lupus erythematosus (f) Pemphigus (g)
Erythema multiforme (h) Psoriasis
(8) Immunological diseases with oral manifestations
(a) Leukemia (b) Lymphomas (c) Multiple mycloma (d) AIDS clinical
manifestations, opportunistic infections, neoplasms (e) Thrombcytopenia
(f) Lupus erythematosus (g)
Scleroderma (h) dermatomyositis (I) Submucous fibrosis (j) Rhemtoid
arthritis (k) Recurrent oral ulcerations including behcet’s syndrome and
reiter’s syndrome
(9) Allergy: Local allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, serum sickness (local
and systemic allergic manifestations to food drugs and chemicals)
(10) Foci of oral infection and their ill effects on general health
(11) Management of dental problems in medically comrpomised persons:
(i) Physiological changes: Puberty, pregnancy and menopause
(ii) The patients suffering with cardiac, respiratory, liver, kidney and
bleeding disorders, hypertension, diabetes and AIDS. Post-irradiated
patients.
(11) Precancerous lesions and conditions
(12) Neuralgic pain due to unknown causes: Trigeminal neuralgia
(13) MPDS, Bell’s palsy

DESIRABLE TO KNOW 10HRS

Forensic examination – Procedures for post-mortem dental examination;

maintaining dental records and their use in dental practice and post-mortem
identification; jurisprudence and ethics

(1) Diseases of bone and Osteodystrophies: Development disorders:

Anomalies, Exostosis and tori, infantile cortical hyperostosis, osteogenisis
imperfecta, Marfans syndrome, osteopetrosis.
(2)Metabolic disorders – Histiocytosis
(3)Endocrine – Acro-megaly and hyperparathyroidism
Miscellaneous – Paget’s disease, Mono and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,
Cherubism.
(4) Granulomatous diseases: Tuberculosis, Sarcoidosis, Midline lethal
granuloma, Crohn’s Disease and Histiocytosis X

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(5) Miscellaneous Disorders: Burkitt lymphoma, sturge – Weber syndrome,
CREST syndrome, rendu-osler-weber disease

1) Pain arising due to C.N.S. diseases: (a) Pain due to intracranial and
extracranial involvement of cranial nerves. (Multiple sclerosis,
cerebrovascular diseases, trotter’s syndrome etc.)
(b) Neuralgic pain due to unknown causes:, glossopharyngeal neuralgia,
sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia, periodic migrainous neuralgia and
atypical facial pain
(iii) Referred pain: Pain arising from distant tissues like heart, spine etc.,
(2) Altered sensations: paresthesia, halitosis
(3) Nerve and muscle diseases:
(i) Nerves: (a) Neuropraxia (b) Neurotemesis (c) Neuritis (d) Facial
nerve paralysis including Heerfordt’s syndrome, Melkerson Rosenthel
syndrome and ramsay hunt syndrome (e) Neuroma (f) Neurofibromatosis
(g) Frey’syndrome
(ii) Muscles: (a) Myositis ossificans (b) Myofascial pain dysfunction
syndrome
(c) Trismus
(4) Forensic odontology:
(a) Medicolegal aspects of orofacial injuries
(b) Identification of bite marks
(c) Determination of age and sex
(d) Identification of cadavers by dental appliances, Restorations and tissue
remanants
(5) Therapeutics: General therapeutic measures – drugs commonly used in
oral
medicine viz., antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, anti-inflammatory and
analgesic drugs, astringents, mouth washes, styptics, demelucents, local
surface anaesthetic, sialogogues, antisialogogues and drugs used in the
treatment of malignancy

ORAL RADIOLOGY

MUST KNOW 20 HRS

(1) Scope of the subject and history of origin(2) Physics of radiation: (a)
Nature and types of radiations (b) Source of radiations (c) Production of X-
rays (d) Properties of X-rays
(e) Compton effect (f) Photoelectric effect (g) Radiation measuring units

99
(3) Biological effects of radiation
(4) Radiation safety and protection measures
(5) Principles of image production
(6) Radiographic techniques:
(i) Intra-Oral: (a) Periapical radiographs (Bisecting and parallel technics)
(b) Bite wing radiographs (c) Occlusal radiographs
(ii) Extra-oral: (a) Lateral projections of skull and jaw bones and paranasal
sinuses (c) Cephalograms (d) Orthopantomograph (e) Projections of
temperomandibular
joint and condyle of mandible (f) Projections for Zygomatic arches
(iii) Specialised techniques: (a) Sialography (b) Xeroradiography (c)
Tomography
(7) Factors in production of good radiographs:
(a) K.V.P. and mAs of X-ray machine (b) Filters (c) Collimations (d)
Intensifying screens (e) Grids (f) X-ray films (g) Exposure time (h)
Techniques (i) Dark room (j) Developer and fixer solutions (k) Film
processing
(8) Radiographic normal anatomical landmarks
(9) Faculty radiographs and artefacts in radiographs
(10) Interpretation of radiographs in various abnormalities of teeth, bones
and other orofacial tissue.

DESIRABLE TO KNOW 10 HRS

Principles of radiotherapy of orofacial malignancies and complications of

radiotherapy
Contrast radiography and basic knowledge of radio-active isotopes
Radiography in Forensic Odontology - Radiographic age estimation and
post-mortem radiographic methods

4A.4.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

SR. NAME OF THE TIME MARKS
NO EXERCISE ALLOTED ALLOTED
1. Spotters 18 mins 25 marks
2 Case History Taking 30 mins 25 marks
3 IOPA Taking And 30 mins 25 marks
Interpretation
4 Journal 5 marks
5 Internal Assessment And 20 marks
Attendance
TOTAL 1 Hour & 18mins 100 marks

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SECTION- 4B

101
 SECTION-4B
4B.1 ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

4B.1.1.a AIMS:
The dental graduates should acquire adequate knowledge, necessary skills
and reasonable attitudes which are required for carrying out diagnosis,
prevention, surgical and adjunctive treatment of anomalies and diseases of
the teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues.

4B.1.1.b OBJECTIVES :
i) Knowledge and understanding:
-The graduate should acquire the following during the period
of training.
-Adequate knowledge of the scientific foundations on which
oral and maxillofacial surgery is based and good understanding
of various relevant scientific methods, principles of biological
functions and should be able to evaluate and analyse
scientifically various established facts and data.
-Adequate knowledge of the development, structure and
function of the teeth, mouth and jaws and associated tissues
both in health and disease and their relationship and effect on
general-state of health and also the bearing on physical and
social well-being of the patient.
-Adequate knowledge of clinical disciplines and methods,
which provide a coherent picture of anomalies, lesions and
diseases of the teeth, mouth and jaws and preventive,
diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of oral and maxillofacial
surgery.
-Adequate clinical experience required for general dental
practice.
-Adequate knowledge of biological function and behaviour of
persons in health and sickness as well as the influence of the
natural and social environment on the state of health so far as it
affects dentistry.

ii) Skills:
-A graduate should be able to demonstrate the following skills
necessary for practice of dentistry.
-Able to diagnose and manage various common dental
problems encountered in general dental practice, keeping in
mind the expectations and the right of the society to receive the
best possible treatment available wherever possible.
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 -Acquire skill to prevent and manage complications if
encountered while carrying out various dental surgical
procedures.
-Possess skill to carry out required investigative procedures
and ability to interpret laboratory findings.
-Promote oral health and help to prevent oral diseases wherever
possible.
-Competent in control of pain and anxiety during dental
treatment.
-Possess skill to administer local anesthesia properly
-Possess skill to perform extractions and simple minor surgical
procedures
-Possess skill to manage complications in the dental clinic

iii) Attitudes:
-A graduate should develop during the training period the
following attitudes.
-Willing to apply current knowledge of oral surgery in the best
interest of the patients and the community.
-Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct
and apply these in all aspects of professional life.
-Seek to improve awareness and provide possible solutions for
oral health problems and needs throughout the community.
-Willingness to participate in the continuing education
programmes to update knowledge and professional skills from
time to time.
-To help and to participate in the implementation of national
health programmes.
-To assume legal, ethical and moral responsibilities of the
patients for oral surgical procedures.

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4B.1.2: SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)
MUST KNOW 59 HRS

INTRODUCTION TO ORAL SURGERY 01 HR

• Introduction.
• Definition.
• Scope.
• Aims and objectives.
DIAGNOSIS IN ORAL SURGERY 03 HRS
• History taking.
• Clinical examination.
• Investigations.
PRINCIPLES OF INFECTION CONTROL 01 HR
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ORAL SURGERY 02 HRS
• Asepsis and sterilization.
• Access:
1. Intra-oral:
• Mucoperiosteal flaps -principles.
• Commonly used intra oral incisions.
• Bone Removal: Methods of bone removal.
2. Extra-oral-
- Skin incisions – principles.
2) Control of haemorrhage during surgery:
- Normal Haemostasis
- Local measures available to control bleeding
3) Drainage & Debridement:
- Purpose of drainage in surgical wounds.
- Debridement: Purpose
4) Closure of wounds:
• Suturing: Principles.
• Suture material.
• Classification.
5) Post-operative care:
• Post-operative instructions.
• Physiology of cold and heat.
• Control of pain –analgesics.
• Control of infection –antibiotics.
• Control of swelling – anti-inflammatory drugs.

104
EXODONTIA 03 HRS
1) General considerations.
2) Ideal Extraction.
3) Indications and contraindications for extraction of teeth
4) Extractions in medically compromised patients.
5) Methods of extraction –
(a) Forceps or intra-alveolar or closed method. Principles, types of
movement, force etc.
(b) Trans-alveolar / surgical method. Indications, surgical procedure.
6) Dental elevators: uses, classification, principles in the use of elevators,
Commonly Used elevators

IMPACTED TEETH: 04 HRS

-Incidence definition, aetiology.
(a) Impacted mandibular third molar.
-Classification, reasons for removal.
-Assessment - both clinical & radiological
-Surgical procedures for removal.
-Maxillary third molar- Indications for removal, classification, Surgical
procedure for removal.
-Impacted maxillary canine- Reasons for canine impaction, Localization,
indications for removal,
-Methods of management, labial and Palatal approach, Surgical exposure,
transplantation, Removal

PRE-PROSTHETIC SURGERY: 02 HRS

1. Definition, classification of procedures.
2. Corrective procedures:
a. Alveoloplasty,
b. Frenoctemies.
3. Ridge extension or Sulcus extension procedures
a. Indications
4. Ridge augmentation and reconstruction.
a. Indications
5. Implants –
a. Concept of osseointegration
b. Knowledge of various types of implants

105
DISEASES OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS 02 HRS
1. Surgical anatomy of the sinus.
2. Sinusitis:
a. Etiology.
b. Clinical features.
c. Non – surgical management.
d. Names of surgical procedures and its principles.
3. Removal of root from the sinus.
4. Oro-antral fistula:
a. Etiology.
b. Clinical features.
c. Names of surgical procedures and its principles

DISORDERS OF T.M. JOINT 04 HRS

1. Applied surgical anatomy of the joint.
2. Dislocation:
a. Definition of related terminologies.
b. Types.
c. Aetiology.
d. Clinical features.
e. Management – Non surgical.
f. Comparison of dislocation and subluxation.
3. Ankylosis:
a. Definition and classification.
b. Aetiology
c. Clinical features
d. Management- Non surgical

INFECTIONS OF THE ORAL CAVITY 05 HRS

1. Introduction
2. Factors responsible for infection
3. Course of Infections.
4. Spread of odontogenic infections through various fascial spaces.
5. Dento-alveolar abscess - aetiology, clinical features and management.
6. Osteomyelitis of the jaws –
a. definition,
b. aetiology, pre-disposing factors.
c. Classification
d. Clinical features
e. Management- Non surgical.

106
7. Ludwig’s angina –
a. Definition
b. Aetiology
c. Clinical features
d. Management- Non surgical.

BENIGN CYSTIC LESIONS OF THE JAWS - 03 HRS

1. Definition
2. Classification
3. Pathogenesis.
4. Diagnosis –
a. Clinical features
b. Radiological
c. Aspiration biopsy
d. Use of contrast media
e. Histopathology.
5. Management –
a. Types of surgical procedures
b. Rationale of the techniques,
c. Indication

TUMOURS OF THE ORAL CAVITY – 03 HRS

1. General considerations
2. Non odontogenetic benign tumours
a. Fibroma,
b. Papilloma,
c. Lipoma,
d. Ossifying fibroma,
e. Myxoma
f. Ameloblastoma
i. Clinical features,
ii. Radiological appearance.
3. Carcinoma of the oral cavity -
a. Biopsy
b. TNM classification.
c. Outline of management of squamous cell carcinoma
4. Role of dental surgeons in the prevention and early detection of oral cancer

FRACTURES OF THE JAWS 06 HRS

General considerations,
Types of fractures,
Aetiology
Clinical features
107
General principles of management.
Mandibular fractures –
Applied anatomy
Classification.
Diagnosis - Clinical
Radiological
Fractures of the condyle
Aetiology
Classification
Clinical features
Fractures of the middle third of the face.
Definition of the mid face
Applied surgical anatomy
Classification
Clinical features
Alveolar fractures - methods of management

Fractures of the Zygomatic complex

Classification
Clinical features
Indications for treatment.

Salivary gland diseases 03 HRS

Diagnosis of salivary gland disease
Sialography, contrast media,
procedure.
Infections of the salivary glands
Sialolithiasis - Sub mandibular duct and gland and parotid duct.
Clinical features, management

Jaw deformities 02 HRS

Basic forms – Prognathism
Retrognathism
Open bite
Reasons for correction.

Neurological disorders 03 HRS

Trigeminal neuralgia –
Definition, etiology, clinical features and medical management.
Facial paralysis –
Definition, etiology and clinical features.
Nerve injuries – Classification

108
Cleft Lip and Palate 01 HR
Aetiology of the clefts.
Incidence of the clefts.
Classification of the clefts.
Medical Emergencies in dental practice 03 HRS
Primary care of medical emergencies in dental practice
particularly –
a. Cardio vascular
b. Respiratory
c. Endocrine
d. Anaphylactic reaction
e. Epilepsy

Emergency drugs and procedures 01 HR

Emergency drugs

Oral Implantology 02 HRS

a. Concept of osseo integration
b. Knowledge of various types of implants

ANAESTHESIA 05 HRS

LOCAL ANAESTHESIA:
1. Introduction
2. Concept of L.A
3. Classification of local anaesthetic agents
4. Ideal requirements
5. Mode of action
6. Types of local anaesthesia
7. Use of Vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetic solution -
8. Advantages, contra-indications, various vaso constrictors used.
9. Anaesthesia of the mandible
a. Pterygomandibular space - boundaries, contents etc.
i. Inferior Dental Nerve Block – various techniques
ii. Complications
b. Mental foramen nerve block
10. Anaesthesia of Maxilla -
a. Intra - orbital nerve block.
b. Posterior superior alveolar nerve block
c. Maxillary nerve block - techniques.
109
DESIRABLE TO KNOW 28HRS

Infection control 01 HR
Cross-infection control with particular reference to HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis

General principles of Oral Surgery 01 HR

a) Surgery set up.
b) Access:
1. Intra-oral-
1) Use of Burs:
Advantages,
Precautions.
2) Bone cutting instruments: Principles of using chisel & osteotome.
2. Extra-oral-
Various extra-oral incisions to expose facial skeleton.
1) Submandibular.
2) Pre auricular.
3) Incisions to expose maxilla & orbit.
4) Bicoronal incision.
c) Control of haemorrhage during surgery:
1) Hypotensive anaesthesia.
d) Drainage & Debridement:
1) Types of drains used.
2) Debridement:
Soft tissue & Bone debridement.
e) Closure of wounds:
1) Body response to various materials.
f) Long term post operative follow up – significance

Exodontia 01 HR
1) Complications of Exodontia:
(a) Operative complications common to both maxilla and mandible.
(b) Post-operative complications.
(c) Prevention and management of complications

Impacted teeth: 02 HRS

Complications during and after removal,
Prevention and management

Pre-prosthetic Surgery 01 HR
1. Corrective procedures:
a. Reduction of maxillary tuberosities,
b. Removal of tori.
110
2. Ridge extension or Sulcus extension procedures
a. Surgical procedures
3. Ridge augmentation and reconstruction.
a. Use of bone grafts, Hydroxyapatite
4. Implants -
a. Surgical procedure to place implants.

Diseases of the maxillary Sinus 01 HR

1. Sinusitis
a. Surgical approach of sinus – description of various surgical procedures and
complications.
2. Oro-antral fistula:
a. Various surgical methods for closure.
b. Complications

Disorders of T.M. Joint 01 HR

1. Dislocation –
a. Management – surgical.
2. Ankylosis –
a. Management- surgical.
3. Internal derangement
4. Arthritis of T.M. Joint.

Infections of the Oral cavity 01 HR

1. Osteomyelitis of the jaws –
a. Management.
2. Ludwigs angina –
a. Management
3. Complications

Benign cystic lesions of the jaws 01 HR

1. Management -
a. Procedures
2. Complications

Tumours of the Oral cavity 01 HR

1. Ameloblastomaa. methods of management.
2. Carcinoma of the oral cavity
a. management of squamous Cell carcinoma:
i. Surgery
ii. Radiation
iii. Chemotherapy

111
Fractures of the jaws 02 HRS
Mandibular fractures
Management – Reduction Closed/Open
Fixation and immobilization methods
Outline of rigid and semi-rigid internal fixation.
Fractures of the condyle
Principles of management.
Fractures of the middle third
of the face.
Outline of management.
Fractures of the Zygomatic
complex
Various methods of reduction and fixation.
Complications of fractures -
Delayed union
Non-union
Malunion

Salivary gland diseases 01 HR

Salivary fistulae
Common tumours of salivary glands like Pleomorphic adenoma including
minor salivary glands

Jaw deformities 02 HRS

Outline of surgical methods Carried out on mandible and maxilla

Neurological disorders 02 HRS

Trigeminal neuralgia –Surgical management.
Facial paralysis –Management.
Nerve injuries –Neurorhaphy

Cleft Lip and Palate 01 HR

Role of dental surgeon in the management of cleft patients.
Outline of the closure procedures

Emergency drugs and procedures. 01 HR

Intra muscular I.V. Injections – Applied anatomy, Ideal location for giving
these injections, techniques etc

Oral Implantology 01 HR
Surgical procedure to place implants

112
Ethics 01 HR
Patient- doctor relationship.
Doctor – doctor relationship.
Informed consent.
Medicolegal considerations

ANAESTHESIA 03 HRS
LOCAL ANAESTHESIA:
a. Complications of local anesthesia.

GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
1. Concept of general anaesthesia.
2. Indications of general anaesthesia in dentistry.
3. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation of the patient.
4. Pre-anaesthetic medication - advantages, drugs used.
5. Commonly used anaesthetic agents.
6. Complication during and after G.A.
7. I.V. sedation with Diazepam and Medozolam.
8. Indications, mode of action, technique etc.
9. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
10. Use of oxygen and emergency drugs
11. Tracheostomy

Recent advances 03 HRS

[Link]
[Link]
[Link] surgery
[Link] surgery
[Link] assisted local anaesthesia delivery system.

4B.1.3EXAMINATION PATTERN:
Sr. Exercises Marks Duration
No.
1. Case history and clinical examination 10 15 min
2. Local anesthesia technique 10 40 min
3. Exodontia technique 25
4. Spots 30 25 min
5. Postoperative instructions, management 10 10 min
and chair side orals
6. Journal 05 NA

113
 SECTION-4B
CHAPTER-2
PROSTHODONTICS AND CROWN & BRIDGE
4B.2.1.a AIM:
-To impart knowledge and provide training in the field of
Prosthodontic treatment modalities to undergraduates, to examine,
diagnose and formulate a treatment plan to deal with edentulous
conditions by way of providing suitable prosthesis for e.g. Complete
denture, Removable and Fixed partial dentures, Crowns, Special
prostheses, Dental Implants and Maxillofacial Prosthesis.
-To inculcate communication skill in order to practice ethical
Prosthodontic treatments and to generate judgment skill in making
appropriate decision regarding prevention, treatment aftercare and
referral to deliver comprehensive dental care to patient.
-To generate manpower and technical expertise for outreach and
extension activities in rural and tribal areas.

4B.2.1.b OBJECTIVES:

a. Knowledge:
-The dental graduate should acquire basic knowledge related to
dental science in the field of Prosthodontics and should have proper
understanding of various steps involved/techniques and materials to
be used for fabrication of various prosthesis.
-The information related to the stomatognathic system and its applied
Prosthodontic considerations.
-Adequate knowledge to treat the patients having partial or total
edentulism, to restore the functions affected due to loss of teeth.
-The learner should be able to detect anomalies or abnormalities of
oral hard and soft tissues including jaw bones and to treat the
problem / disease.

b. Skill:
-A dental graduate should be able to demonstrate the following skill
necessary in the field of prosthodontics:
-To record relevant history, to perform details examination and to
diagnose the condition and decide treatment modalities required for
that case.
-To interpret radiographs & should be in position to refer
complicated cases to concerned specialist.

114
 -To inculcate the sense of discipline, conversation skill and to
develop rapport with patient and community.
-Adequate technical skill to perform various steps in clinic and
laboratory while fabrication of required prosthesis.

c. Attitude:
-A dental graduate should develop during the following attitude
required for successful practice
-To treat all patients with equity and respect.
-To develop attitude for ethical practice & perfect patient care and
management.
-To develop interest for research and participation in research
activities and importance of research publications and opportunities
in global perspectives.
-Should participate in CDE programme to update the knowledge and
professional skill from time to time.

4B.2.1c: OUTCOMES :
1) To provide training in the subject to Undergraduate.
2) To inculcate technical and communicative skill to practice
Prosthodontic.
3) To render quality treatment to patients for complete denture,
removable partial denture and fixed partial denture
4) To provide manpower and technical expertise for outreach and
extension activities related to Community oral health care
5) To achieve excellence in academics and providing the State-of-
Art services to the community including selection and
manipulation of various dental materials.
6) To inculcate communication skill and advice related to ethical
practices

115
4B.2.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)
MUST KNOW 30 HRS
1. Introduction to Complete Dentures:
Components / Parts of a Complete Dentures
Steps in fabrication of Complete Dentures

2. Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Clinical History taking

3. Mouth Preparation in Complete Dentures

Pre-prosthetic surgery

4. Impression Making
Objectives of impression making
Theories of impression making
Anatomical landmarks
Recording PI& FI
Beading & Boxing

5. Maxillo & mandibular Relation

Mandibular Movements
Orientation JR
Vertical JR
Centric JR
Anatomy of TMJ
Facebow Parts

6. Articulators & Articulation

Articulators
Selection & Arrangement of teeth
Balanced occlusion

7. Lab Steps in CD

8. Complete Denture Insertion

Denture Insertion
Post insertion instructions
Post insertion problems

116
9. Relining & Rebasing
Relining
Rebasing

10 Special Complete Denture

Over denture Basic aspect
Immediate Denture Basic Concept
Single CD Basic Aspect

EXPECTED TO KNOW 10 HRS

Introduction to CD
Definition Of Prosthodontics
Definition of CD
Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Patient evaluation
Radiographic Examination
Mouth Preparation in CD
Mouth preparation in CD
Impression Making
Impression Techniques in Special Cases
Reading of Impression
Indexing Master cast
Articulators & Articulation
Remounting
Lab Steps in CD
Lab Steps in CD
Special Complete Denture
Basic aspect of implant dentures

MUST KNOW

1. Relining & Rebasing: 02 HRS

Definition
Indications
Contra-indications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Relining procedures
Rebasing procedure

117
2. Single complete denture 02 HRS
Definition
Indications
Contra-indications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Occlusal modification techniques

3. Dentogenic concept and characterization: 02 HRS

Introduction
Definition
Dentogenic concept
SPA factors

4. Overdentures: 03 HRS
Definition
Indications
Contra-indications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Types of over denture
Over denture attachment

5. Immediate Denture: 01 HR
Definition
Types of immediate Denture
Indications
Contra-indications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Treatment procedure

6. Implants in CD: 03 HRS

Definition
Indications
Contra-indications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Types of Implant

118
7. Introduction classification term and terminology in RPD: 01 HR
Terminology
Indications
Contra-indications of FPD
Rationale of RPD Treatment
Kennedys Classification System
Apple gate rules for Classification

8. Diagnosis & treatment planning in RPD: 03 HRS

Introduction
Diagnostics Examination
Patient interview
Effect of physical problems on dental treatment
Effects of drug
Patients expectation
Dental history
Infection control & disinfection
Evaluation of oral hygiene
Radio Graph
Diagnostic impression

9. Evaluation of diagnostic cast

Treatment plan

10 Major connectors: 01 HR
Definition
Structural Requirements
Types maxillary major connectors
Indication of maxillary major connectors
Types mandibular major connectors
Indication of mandibular major
Connectors

11 Minor connectors: 01 HR
Definition
Structural Requirements
Types minor connectors

12 Direct retainers: 03 HRS

Definition
Classification
Parts of the clasp
Requirements of clasp design
119
 Types of supra bulge clasps
Types of infra bulge clasps

13 Indirect Retainers: 01 HR
Definitions
Principles of indirect retention
Factors determining the effectiveness
Forms of indirect retention

14 Rest & Rest Seats: 01 HR

Definition
Structural Requirements of rest seats
Types of rest seats

15 I- Bar Removable Partial Dentures: 03 HRS

How does differ from conventional barclasp
Components of I bar
Design concepts
RPI system

16 Stress breakers: 01 HR
Definition
Principles of stress breakers
Types of stress breakers

17 Principles of RPD design: 01 HR

Mechanics of movement
Support vs force
Type of lever force & inclined plane
Types of fulcrum
Forces acting on partial denture
Factors influencing the magnitude of stresses
Controlling stress by design considerations

18 Surveying & Designing: 03 HRS

Definition
Parts of surveyor
Surveying the diagnostic cast
Tripoding of cast
Importance consideration in use of dental surveyor
Path of insertion
Factors influencing path of insertion
Principles & Philosophy of design
120
19 Functional impression in RPD: 01 HR
Influencing support of distal extension base
Indications
Impression methods

21 Diagnosis & Treatment Planning in FPD: 03 HRS

Abutment definition
Ante’s Law
Criteria for selection of the abutment

22 Principal of Occlusion: 02 HRS

Ideal Occlusion
Balanced occlusion
Group function occlusion
Mutually protected occlusion

25 Principles of Tooth Preparation: 01 HR

Ideal requirements
Biological considerations
Mechanical considerations
Esthetic considerations

26 Restoration of endodontically treated teeth: 01 HR

Treatment planning
Consideration for anterior teeth
Principles of tooth preparation

27 Complete Cast crown preparation: 03 HRS

Advantages
Disadvantages
Indications
Contraindications
Recommended armamentarium
Preparation steps
Criteria for preparation

28 Metal ceramic crown preparation: 03 HRS

Advantages
Disadvantages
Indications
Contraindications
121
 Recommended armamentarium
Preparation steps
Criteria for preparation

29 All ceramic crown preparation: 03 HRS

Advantages
Disadvantages
Indications
Contraindications
Recommended armamentarium
Preparation steps
Criteria for preparation

30 Metal ceramic Restoration: 03 HRS

Indications
Contra-indications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Trouble shooting

31 All ceramic restoration 03 HRS

Ideal requirements
Indications
Contra-indications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Methods to strengthen ceramics
Trouble shooting

32 Impression materials & techniques in FPD 01 HR

Fluid control
Retraction of the gingival
Elastic impression materials
Impression trays
Impression making methods

33 Provisional restoration 01 HR
Ideal requirements
Biological consideration
Mechanical consideration
Esthetic consideration
Techniques of temporization

122
DESIRABLE TO KNOW

Dentogenic concept and characterization 01 HR

General considerations
Classification
Technique of characterization

Overdentures: 03 HRS
General considerations
Patient selection
Abutment selection
Basic principles

Implants in CD 02 HRS
Clinical procedure
Lab procedure
Prosthetic phase

Mouth Preparation in RPD 03 HRS

I- Bar Removable Partial Dentures:
Design variation
Surveying & Designing:
Essentials of design
Design procedure

Functional impression in RPD:

Altered cast techniques
Lab Procedure in RPD

Diagnosis & Treatment Planning in FPD: 02 HRS

Introduction
Examination
Patient interview
Effect of physical problems
Effects of drug
Dental history
Infection control & disinfection
Evaluation of oral hygiene
Radio Graph
Diagnostic impression
Facebow recording
Evaluation of diagnostic cast
Centric relation recording
123
Treatment plan
Selection of the abutment

Principal of Occlusion: 01 HR
Centric relation recording
Mandibular movement
Pathologic occlusion
Occlusal treatment

Periodontal Consideration in FPD: 01 HR

Anatomy
Examination diagnosis & treatment plan
Evaluation of initial therapy
Surgical therapy evaluation

Mouth Preparation in FPD: 01 HR

Oral Surgery procedure
Restorative procedure
Endodontic procedure
Periodontic procedure
Orthodontic procedure

Restoration of endodontically treated teeth: 01 HR

Procedures
Removal of the Endodontic filling material
Enlargement of canal
Preparation of the coronal tooth structure
Post fabrication procedures
Core fabrication procedures

Partial Veneer Crown, Inlay, Onlay preparation: 01 HR

Advantages
Disadvantages
Indications
Contraindications
Recommended armamentarium
Preparation steps
Criteria for preparation

All ceramic, Inlay, Onlay, Laminates preparation: 01 HR

Advantages
Disadvantages
Indications
124
Contraindications
Recommended armamentarium
Preparation steps
Criteria for preparation

Metal ceramic Restoration 01 HR

History
Metal Preparation
Porcelain preparation
Types of porcelain
Porcelain metal bonding
Procedure

All ceramic restoration 01 HR

History
Types of ceramic
All ceramic system

4B.2.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of the Exercise Time Marks

Case History 20 min 10

Tray Selection 10 min 10
Border moulding and Final 1hr and 20 min 35
impression
Tooth preparation and wax pattern 1hr 30
Journal 05

125
 SECTION-4B
CHAPTER-3
CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY & ENDODONTICS

4B.3.1.a AIM:
To impart adequate knowledge and skill to the undergraduate and post
graduate students to treat the patients by preserving the natural tooth with
conservative approach and concept of esthetics by having research oriented
approach.

4B.3.1.b OBJECTIVES:

Knowledge and Understanding:

To learn adequate knowledge and understanding about the normal
anatomy and basic guidelines for the treatment by stepwise learning
from preclinics to clinics

Skills:
To acquire necessary skills required for the diagnosis, treatment plan
and treatment for simple to complex cases with the knowledge of
preventing complications and management of those if occur.
Attitudes:

To have the attitude towards the wellbeing of the society with

research oriented approach and participation in the implementation of
health education program.

4B.3.1.c: OUTCOME:
To sculpt the student to become an independent dental clinician with
clinical decision making ability and to serve the best to the patient in
turn to society.

126
4B.3.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)
MUST KNOW
Nomenclature Of Dentition:
Tooth numbering systems - A.D.A. Zsigmondy Palmer and F.D.I. systems
01HRS

Principles Of Cavity Preparation :

Steps and nomenclature of cavity preparation
Classification of cavities
Nomenclature of floors & angles of cavities. 07HRS

Dental Caries : 03HRS

Aetiology Types of direct filling gold
Classification and clinical features
Morphological features
Microscopic features
Treatment Plans
Diagnosis and sequel of dental caries

Treatment Planning For Operative Dentistry: 02 HRS

Detailed clinical examination
Radiographic examination
Tooth vitality tests
Diagnosis
Treatment planning
Preparation of the case sheet

Armamentarium For Cavity Preparation: 04 HRS

General classification of operative instruments
Hand cutting instruments design formula
Rotary cutting instruments and dental bur
Mechanism of cutting
Evaluation of hand piece and speed
Current concepts of rotary cutting procedures
Sterilization
Maintenance of instruments.
Basic instrument tray set up

Control of Operating Field: 02 HRS

Light source, Sterilization of field of operation and control of moisture
Rubber dam in detail
Cotton rolls and anti sialogogues

127
Amalgam Restoration 03 HRS
Indication and contraindication
Physical and mechanical properties
Clinical features
Cavity preparation for Class I , II, V and III.
Step wise procedure for cavity preparation and restoration.
Failure of amalgam restoration

Pulp Protection : 06 HRS

Liners – Calcium Hydroxide
Varnishes and bases
Zinc phosphate
Zinc polycarboxylate
Zinc oxide eugenol
Glass ionomer cements

Anterior Restoration 06 HRS

Selection of cases
Selection of material
Step wise procedures for using restorations.
Glass ionomer, composites including sandwich restorations and bevels of the
same with a note on status of the dentine bonding agents.

Preventive Measures In Restorative Practice: 06HRS

Plaque Control
Pit and fissure sealants
Dietary measures
Periodontal health
Contact and contour of teeth
Tooth separation.
Matrices and wedges
Temporization or Interim Restoration 1HR

Pin retained Amalgam Restoration 3HRS

Indication and Contra Indication
Advantages disadvantages
Types of pin
Methods of placements
Use of automatrix
Failure of pin amalgam restoration

128
Management Of Deep Carious Lesions 02 HRS
Direct Pulp Capping.
Indirect Pulp Capping
Restorative measures

Non Carious Destruction’s Tooth Structures 04 HRS

Diagnosis and Clinical Management
Hyper Sensitive Dentine And Its Management

Cast Restorations 05 HRS

Indications
Contra indications
Advantages and disadvantages and materials used for same
Cavity preparation

Gingival Tissue Management For Cast Restoration And Impression

Procedures 02HRS

Recent Cavity Modification for Amalgam Restoration 01HRS

Differences between Amalgam And Inlay Cavity preparation 01 HRS

Note on all the types of Bevels used for Cast Restoration 01 HRS

Control Of Pain During Operative Procedure 01HRS

Treatment Planning For Operative Dentistry 02 HRS

Detailed Clinical Examination
Radiographic Examination

Vitality Tests 01 HRS

Diagnosis And Treatment Planning.
Preparation Of Case Sheet

Applied Dental Materials. 23HRS

Biological Considerations
Evaluation clinical application and adverse effects of the following Materials
Dental Cements.
Zinc oxide eugenol cements
Zinc phosphate cements
Polycarboxylates
Glass ionomer cements
Calcium hydroxides
129
Varnishes
Dental amalgam
Technical considerations mercury toxicity mercury hygiene
Composite, Dentine bonding agents, chemical and light curing composites
Rubber base Impression Materials
Nobel metal alloys & non noble metal alloys
Investment and die materials
Inlay casting waxes
Dental porcelain

Aesthetic Dentistry 04HRS

Anatomy & physiology of smile
Bleaching of teeth

Endodontics and introduction 04 HRS

Introduction, definition, scope and future of endodontics
Clinical diagnostic methods
Emergency endodontic procedures

Pulpal diseases 02 HRS

Causes
Types
Treatment.

Periapical diseases 02HRS

Acute periapical abscess
Acute periodontal abscess, phoenix abscess
Chronic alveolar abscess granuloma cysts condensing osteitis
External and internal resorption

Vital pulp therapy 02HRS

Indirect and direct pulp capping, pulpotomy
Different types of medicaments used

Apexogenesis and apexification or problems of open apex. 01HRS

Rationale of endodontic treatment,Objectives,Indication & Contraindications

for root canal treatments 01HRS

130
Anatomy of the pulp cavity 01HRS
Root canals apical foramen
Anomalies of pulp cavities access cavity preparation of anterior and premolar
teeth

Principles of root canal treatment 05 HRS

Access cavity preparation.
Root canal instruments
Hand instruments,
Power driven instruments
Standardization
Color coding principle of using endodontic instruments
Sterilization of root canal instruments and materials.
Rubber dam application

Determination of working length 02HRS

Traditional methods
Apex locator

Cleaning and shaping of root canals 02HRS

Irrigating solution
Chemical aids to instrumentation
Chelators

Disinfection of root canal space 02HRS

Intracanal medicaments
Poly antibiotic paste
Grossman’s paste.

Methods of cleaning and shaping –principle & objectives 02HRS

Methods – step back technique
Crown down technique

Obturation of the root canal system 03 HRS

Requirements of an ideal root canal filling material
Obturation methods using gutta percha
Obturation material
Cold lateral condensation
Warm vertical condensation
Thermoplasticized obturation technique
Failures in endodontics.
131
Root canal sealers 02 HRS
Ideal properties
Classification
Manipulation of root and canal sealers

Problems during cleaning and shaping of root canal spaces (Endodontic

mishaps) -02 HRS
Perforation and its management.
Broken instruments and its management
Management of single and double curved root canals.

Post endodontic restoration 02 HRS

Material used
Post and core

Smear layer and Its importance in endodontics and

conservative dentistry 01 HRS

Discoloured teeth and its management 02 HRS

Bleaching agents
Vital and non vital bleaching method

Traumatic Injuries 03 HRS

Classification
Management of fractured tooth and root
Luxated teeth and its management

Endodontic surgeries 02HRS

Indication contraindications
Pre operative preparation
Pre medication
Surgical instruments
Techniques apicectomy
Retrograde filling
Post operative sequale
Terphination
Hemisection
Radisectomy techniques of tooth reimplantation (both intentional and
accidental)
Endodontic implant

132
Root resorption 01 HRS

Emergency endodontic procedures 01 HRS

Lasers in conservative endodontics (introduction only) 01 HRS

Practice management 01 HRS

GOOD TO KNOW

Gnathological Concepts Of Restoration: 02 HRS

Physiology of occlusion
Normal occlusion
Ideal occlusion
Mandibular movements and occlusal analysis.
Occlusal rehabilitation and restoration

Direct Filling Gold Restorations : 02 HRS

Types of direct filling gold
Indications and limitations of cohesive gold.
Annealing of gold foil cavity
Preparation and condensation of gold foils.

Professional association dentist act 1948 and its amendment 1993.

Duties towards the govt. Like payments of professional tax, income tax.
Financial management of practice

Anterior Restorations
Silicate (theory only)

Dental material and basic equipment management.

Ethics

Cast Restorations 03 HRS

Fabrication of wax pattern
Class II and Class I cavity preparation for inlays
Investing
Spruing
Casting procedures
Casting defects
Biological Considerations
133
Silicate cement
Smart materials

Aesthetic Dentistry 03 HRS

Introduction & scope of esthetic dentistry
Role of the color in esthetic dentistry
Simple procedures (rounding of central incisors to enhance esthetic
appearance)
Veneers with various materials
Preventive and interceptive esthetics
Simple gingival contouring to enhance the appearance

Disinfection of root canal space intracanal medicaments 02 HRS

Mummifying agents
Culture methods.

Cleaning and shaping

Newer methods & systems
Rotary endodontics

MTA 01 HRS

4B.3.3 EXAMINATION PATTERN

Exercise Time allotted Marks

awarded
Journal NA 05
Class 2 cavity preparation for 85 min 85
silver amalgam restoration cavity
base and restoration.

134
 SECTION-4B
CHAPTER-4
PEDODONTICS

4B.4.1.a AIM:
The broad goal of the teaching of undergraduate students in Pedodontics &
Preventive Dentistry, being an age defined specialty, aims at providing the
student the knowledge of both the primary & comprehensive, preventive &
therapeutic oral health care for infants & children through adolescence,
including those with special health care needs who demonstrate mental,
physical or emotional problems.

4B.4.1.b OBJECTIVES:

Knowledge:
-At the end of the course, the student shall be able to
-Provide a good oral health care in the child
-Instill a positive attitude & behavior in children
-Understand the principles of prevention & Preventive Dentistry right
from birth to adolescents
-Guide & counsel the parents in regards to various treatment .

Skills:
-At the end of the course, the student shall be able to take case
history of the child patient including thorough clinical &
radiographicexamination as well as other investigations, diagnosis &
treatment planning.
-Manage to repair & restore the lost tooth structure to maintain
harmony between both hard & soft tissues of the oral cavity
-Diagnose & treat the child patient appropriately
-Prevent & intercept developing malocclusion
-Manage the disabled children effectively & efficiently to the needs
of individual requirement & conditions

Attitude:
A graduate should develop during the training period the following
attitude,
-Willing to apply the acquired knowledge of Pedodontics in the best
interests of the patients and community
-Maintain a high standards of professional ethics and conduct and
apply these in all aspect of professional life
135
 -Seek to improve awareness and provide possible solution to the
Pedodontics needs throughout the community
-Should participate in CDE programme to update the knowledge and
professional skills from time to time

4B.4.1.b OUTCOME:
-Guide & counsel the parents in regards to various treatment
modalities including different facets of Preventive Dentistry
-Manage to repair & restore the lost tooth structure to maintain
harmony between both hard & soft tissues of the oral cavity
-Prevent & intercept developing malocclusion
-Manage the disabled children effectively & efficiently to the needs
of individual requirement & conditions

4B.4.2 SYLLABUS ( Including Teaching Hours.)

MUST KNOW
1 Introduction to Pedodontics 01HR

2. Growth & Development : 02 HRS

Prenatal & Postnatal
Development arches of Cranium, face, jaws, teeth and supporting
structures.
Chronology of dental development and development of occlusion.

3. Child Psychology : 07 HRS

Development & Classification of behavior, personality, intelligence in
children, theories of child psychology management.
Behavior Management : Non- Pharmacological.
Child Abuse & Dental Neglect.
Conscious sedation, Deep Sedation & General anesthesia in pediatric
Dentistry(Including Other Drugs, Synergic & Antagonistic Actions Of
Various Drugs Used In children )

4. Dental Caries 10HRS

Historical background
Definition, Aeitology & Pathogenesis.
Caries pattern in primary, Young permanent and permanent teeth in
children.
Rampant caries, early childhood caries and extensive caries.
Definition, aeitology, pathogensis, Clinical features Complications
Management.

136
 Subjective & Objective methods of caries detections with emphasis on
caries
Activity : Tests, Caries Prediction, caries susceptibility & their clinical
Applications.

5. Case History :
Recording, Outline of Principles of examinations, diagnosis &
treatment planning. 05 HRS

6. Pediatric Oral Medicine & clinical Pathology : 02 HRS

Recognition & Management of development dental anomalies, teething
disorders, stomatological conditions, mucosal lesions, viral infections etc.

7. Preventive Pedodontics : 03 HRS

Concept , chair side preventive measures for dental diseases, high-risk
caries including rampant & extensive caries- Recognition, Features &
preventive Management, Pit Fissures Sealants, Oral Hygiene measures,
correlation of brushing with dental caries and periodontal diseases

8. Microbiology & Immunology as related to oral

Diseases in Children : 02 HRS
Basic concepts, Immune system in human body, Auto Immune dieses

9. Dental Material used in pediatric Dentistry. 05 HRS

Pediatric Operative Dentistry.

10. Gingival & Periodontal diseases in children : 02 HRS

Gingival & Periodontium in children .
Gingival & Periodontal diseases – Etiology. Pathogenesis &
Management In Short

11. Pediatric Endodontics : 08 HRS

Primary Dentition :- Diagnosis of Pulpal dieses and their management –
Pulp capping, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, (Materials & Methods),
Controversies & recent concepts.
Young Permanent teeth and permanent teeth, pulp capping,
Pulpotomy, Apexogensis,
Apexification, concepts, Techniques and materials used for different
procedures.
Prosthesis consideration in pediatric Dentistry. 02 HRS

137
12. Traumatic Injuries in Children : 09 HRS
Classification & Importance
Sequalae & raction of teeth to trauma
Management of trauma.
Management of Traumatized teeth with latest concepts

14. Space Maintenance 07 HRS

Oral Habits in Children :
Definition, Etilogy
lassification.
Factors to be considered before giving a space maintainer.
Different space maintainers according to clinical situations.
Clinical features of digit sucking, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing &
various othersecondary habits.
Management of oral habits in children.

15. Fluorides : 07 HRS

Historical background.
Systemic & topical fluorides.
Mechanism of action.
Toxicity & Management.
Defluoridation techniques

16. Management of handicapped child and management of patients with

systemic condition. 08 HRS
Definition, Etiology & Classification , Behavioral ,clinical features, &
Management of
Physically handicapping Conditions
Mentally compromising Conditions

DESIRABLE TO KNOW

History of Pedodontics & Pedodontics treatment triangle 01 HR

Dimensional Changes in dental arches & Cepholometric

evaluation of growth. 01 HR

Stage of Psychological child development, fear, anxiety,

apprehension andPharmacological Methods of management. 01 HR

Dietary Modifications & Diet Counseling 01 HR

Congenital Abnormalities in Children 01 HR

138
Definition, Classification, Clinical Features & management .
Dental Emergencies in children and their Management

Diet & Nutrition as related to dental caries & Diet Counseling. 01 HR

Histopathology, Pathogenesis, Immunology of dental caries, Periodontal

diseases, Tumors, Oral Mucosal Lesions etc. 01HR

Nanotechnology & Recent advances in dental materials. 01 HR

Genetics related to gingival & periodontal diseases. 01 HR

Recent Advances in Paediatric Endodontics 01 HR

Management of Jaw fracture in children 01 HR

Space Analysis & Cephalometrics. 01 HR

Genetic disorders 01 HR

4B.4.3EXAMINATION PATTERN

Name of Exercise Time Allotted Marks

Case history taking and 1 hour 90 marks
radiograph

139
SECTION - 5

140
 SECTION – 5

EVALUATION PATTERN OF INTERNAL

ASSESSMENT

A total of 3 sessional examinations are conducted during the entire academic

year. These three internal assessment exams are conducted on a regular basis
according to the university norms. For continuous assessment of students
every Monday, exam for one subject is conducted so that each subject is
evaluated once a month. The aggregate of the monthly exams is considered as
the 4th exam.

All exams are considered for final calculation of internal assessment marks.
The best score of three exams is taken for calculation.

REGULAR BATCH

EXAMS I BDS II BDS III BDS IV/I IV/II

semester semester

First October September September III BDS II IV/I

sessional Term semester
(JAN) August

Second December December December July January

sessional

Third/prelims April March March September March

Monthly Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday

exam

141
ODD BATCH/WINTER

Exams I II BDS III BDS IV/I IV/II

BDS Semester Semester
First - March March III BDS/II IV/I
sessional Term (July) semester
(Feb)
Second - June June January July
sessional
Third/ - September September March September
Prelims
Monthly - Monday Monday Monday Monday
exam

The distribution of marks in each exam [for theory and practical] is given
below

THEORY

EXAMS MCQs SAQs LAQs Attendance TOTAL

marks MARKS
First 10 marks 20 marks 10 marks 10 marks 50 marks
sessional
Second 10 marks 20 marks 10 marks 10 marks 50 marks
sessional
Third 20 marks 40 marks 20 marks 20 marks 100 marks
sessional
Fourth - 6 marks 4 marks - 10 marks
/Monthly

142
PRACTICAL

EXAM MARKS ATTENDANCE TOTAL

MARKS
FIRST 40 10 50
SECOND 40 10 50
THIRD 80 20 100

• If student remains absent for sessional exam ,marks for monthly

exam are considered

• If student remains absent on medical grounds, then, exam will be

conducted within 15 days, on departmental level, for the practical
examination

The marks for attendance are given in the following manner

• For first and second sessional exam : Total 10marks

• For 75% to 85% attendance - 5 marks will be given

• For 86% to 100% - 10 marks will be given

For third sessional/ prelims: Total 20 marks

• For 75% to 85% - 10 marks will be given

• For 86% to 100% - 20 marks will be given

Attendance is calculated for each sessional exam as follows

1. First sessional exam : From the beginning of the academic year to first
sessional.

2. Second sessional exam : From the beginning to the second sessional.

3. Third sessional/prelims exam : From the beginning to third sessional (

complete year till the prelims).
143
For IV/I and II semester subjects attendance calculated from III BDS.

Final internal assessment marks will be calculated as follows.

Theory:

The marks of best of 3 out of 4 exams will be sent to the university as a part
of internal assessment for the final university examination.

Sr Name First Second Third Fourth Aggregate Aggregate Signature

no of the Test Test Test Test best of 3 Total out of student
student max max 10 max mx 10 30 marks of 10
10 10

The university examinations are conducted at the end of the academic year.

EXAMINATION PATTERN FOR THE UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION

Regular batch I ,II ,III BDS examinations are conducted in the month of
May /June.

Regular batch IV/I Semester examinations are conducted in the month of

November

IV/II Semester are conducted in the month of May/June

Odd batch I, II, III BDS examinations are conducted in the month of
November/December

Odd batch IV/I Semester examinations are conducted in the month of May /
June.

IV/II Semester are conducted in the month of November/December

144
Distribution of marks

I to IV BDS -

Theory – Total 100 marks

Section A – MCQs- 20 marks (20x1)

Section B- SAQs- 30 marks (10x3)
Section C – LAQs – 20 marks (2x10)
Theory Viva-voce – 20 marks
(taken during practical examination)
Internal assessment – 10 marks

Practical examination – Total 100 marks

Practical- 90 marks (distribution of marks is done according to

individual subjects)
Internal assessment – 10 marks
II BDS Pre-clinical Prosthodontics & Pre-clinical Conservative Dentistry

Practical examination – Total 100 marks

Practical- 80 marks
Internal assessment – 20 marks

Outcome of these internal assessment examinations will be displayed and the

marks will be informed to both the parents and the students.

Underperforming students will be given extra attention and every effort is

made at the departmental level to improve the performance of the student/s in
the subsequent examinations.

At the departmental level discussion will be taken regarding the answers for
the questions asked in the examinations.

The theory syllabus is divided into “must know” and “desired to know”. The
question paper consists of 80% questions from the category of “must know”
and 20% from “desired to know” category.

The compilation of all the question papers will be done at the departmental
level, so that each department will have its own question bank.

This helps the subsequent batches of students for better referencing and
preparation for the examinations.

145
 List of Books

Subject: General Human Anatomy including Embryology and

Histology
1) Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students, Snell (Richard
S.), Little Brown & company, Boston.
2) Anatomy, R J Last’s - McMinn,
3) Cunningham Manual of Practical Anatomy: Head & Neck
& [Link], Romanes (G.J) Oxford Medical
publication.
4) Functional Histology, Wheater, Burkitt & Daniels,
Churchill Livingstone.
5) Medical Embryology, Sadler, Langman’s,
6) Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, James E Anderson, Williams
& Wilkins.
7) Gray's Anatomy, Williams, Churchill Livingstone.
8) Medical Genetics, Emery.
9) Essentials of Anatomy for Dentistry Students, D R Singh,
Wolters Kluwer.

Subject: Physiology
1) Text book of Physiology, Guyton
2) Review of Medical Physiology, Ganong
3) Human physiology, Vander
4) Concise Medical Physiology, Choudhari
5) Human Physiology, Chaterjee
6) Human Physiology for BDS students, A.K. Jain
Reference books;
1) Physiology, Berne & Levey
2) Physiological basis of Medical Practice, West-Best &
Taylor's
Experimental Physiology:
1) Practical Physiology, Rannade
2) A text book of practical physiology, Ghai
3) Clinical Methods, Hutchison's

146
Subject: Biochemistry
1) Textbook of Biochemistry for Dental Students, DM
Vasudevan, Sreekumari S
2) Text book of Biochemistry-U Satyanarayana
Reference books;
1) Harper’s Biochemistry, R.K. Murray [Link].
2) Text book of Biochemistry with clinical correlations T.N.
Devlin
3) Basic and applied Dental Biochemistry, R.A.D. Williams
& J.C. Elliot
4) Nutritional Biochemistry S. Ramakrishnan and S.V. Rao

Subject: Dental Anatomy, Embryology and Oral Histology

1) Orban's Oral Histology & Embryology - S.N. Bhaskar
2) Oral Development & Histology - James & Avery
3) Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology & Occlusion –
Major M. Ash
4) Dental Anatomy - its relevance to dentistry - Woelfel &
Scheid
5) Applied Physiology of the mouth – Lavelle
6) Physiology & Biochemistry of the mouth – Jenkins
7) Oral Histology- 'Development, Structure and Function- A.
R. Tencate

Subject: General Pathology

1) Robbins - Pathologic Basis of Disease Cotran, Kumar,
Robbins
2) Anderson's Pathology Vol 1 & 2 Editors - Ivan Damjanov
& James Linder
3) Wintrobe's clinical Haematology Lee, Bithell, Foerster,
Athens, Lukens

Subject: Microbiology
1) Text book of Microbiology - R. Ananthanarayan & C.K.
Jayaram Paniker.
2) Medical Microbiology - David Greenwood et al.
Reference books;
1) Microbiology - Prescott, et al.
2) Microbiology - Bernard D. Davis, et al.
147
 3) Clinical & Pathogenic Microbiology - Barbara J Howard,
et al.
4) Mechanisms of Microbial diseases - Moselio Schaechter,
et al.
5) Immunology an Introduction – Tizard
6) Immunology - Evan Roitt, et al.

Subject: Dental Materials

1) Phillips Science of Dental Materials - Kenneth J.
Anusavice
2) Restorative Dental Materials -Robert G. Craig
3) Notes on Dental Materials - E.C. Combe
Reference books:-
1) Introduction to Dental Materials, Van Noort,
2) Applied Dental Materials, McCabe,

Subject: General and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics

1) Basic and Clinical pharmacology, Bertam G. Katzung,
Appleton & Lange
2) Clinical Pharmacology, Lauerence DR, Churchill
Livingstone
3) Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Part I & Part II,
Satoskar R.S. & Bhandarkar S. D, Popular Prakashan
Mumbai.
4) Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Tripathi K.D,
Jaypee Brothers
5) Medical Pharmacology, Udaykumar, CBS publishing

Subject: General Medicine

1) Textbook of Medicine Davidson
2) Textbook of Medicine Hutchinson

Subject: General Surgery

1) Short practice of Surgery Baily & Love

Subject: Oral Pathology & Oral Microbiology

1) A Text Book of Oral Pathology Shafer, Hine & Levy
2) Oral Pathology - Clinical Pathologic correlations Regezi
& Sciubba.
148
 3) Oral Pathology Soames & Southam.
4) Oral Pathology in the Tropics Prabhu, Wilson, Johnson &
Daftary
5) Synopsis of Oral Pathology, Bhaskar, CBS publishing

Subject: Public Health Dentistry

1) Dentistry Dental Practice and Community by David F.
Striffler and Brain A. Burt, W. B. Saunders Company
2) Principles of Dental Public Health by James Morse
Dunning, Harward University Press.
3) Dental Public Health and Community Dentistry Ed by
Anthony Jong Publication by The C. V. Mosby Company
4) Community Oral Health-A system approach by Patricia P.
Cormier and Joyce I. Levy published by Apple ton-
Century-Crofts/ New York,
5) Community Dentistry-A problem oriented approach by P. C.
6) Dental Hand book series Vol.8 by Stephen L. Silverman
and Ames F. Tryon, Series editor-Alvin F. Gardner, PSG
Publishing company Inc. Littleton Massachusetts,
7) Dental Public Health- An Introduction to Community
Dentistry. Edition by Geoffrey L. Slack and Brain Burt,
Published by John Wright and sons Bristol.
8) Oral Health Surveys- Basic Methods, 1997, published by
W. H. O Geneva available at the regional office New
Delhi.
9) Preventive Medicine and Hygiene-By Maxcy and
Rosenau, published by Appleton Century Crofts,
10) Preventive Dentistry-by J. O. Forrest published by John
Wright and sons Bristoli,
11) Preventive Dentistry by Murray,.
12) Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine by Park
and park,
13) Community Dentistry by Dr. Soben Peter.
14) Public Health dentistry, Sikri. CBS Publishing

Subject: Research methodology and Bio-statistics

1) Introduction to Bio-statistics by B. K. Mahajan
2) Introduction to Statistical Methods by Grewal

149
Subject: Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry
1) Dentistry for the Child and Adolescence - Mc. Donald.
2) Pediatric Dentistry (Infancy through Adolescence) -
Pinkham.
3) Pediatric Dentistry : Total Patient Care – Stephen H.Y.
Wei
4) Clinical Pedodontics – Sidney B. Finn
5) Fundamentals of Pediatric Dentistry – R.J. Mathewson
6) Handbook of Clinical Pedodontics - Kenneth. D.
7) Text Book of Pedodontics- Shobha Tandon
8) Pediatric Dentistry - Damle S. G.
9) Kennedy's Pediatric Operative Dentistry - Kennedy &
Curzon.
10) Handbook of Pediatric Dentistry – Cameron and Widmer
11) Pediatric Dentistry - Richard R. Welbury
12) Pedodontics: A Clinical Approach - Goran Koch
13) Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry (Colour Guide) - D
Millet & R Welbury
14) Color Atlas of Oral Diseases in Children and Adolescents
- George Laskaris
15) Dental Management of the Medically Compromised
Patient –J.W. Little
16) Pediatric Dentistry – Scientific Foundations and Clinical
Practice – Stewart and Barber.
17) Clinical Use of Fluorides - Stephen H. Wei.
18) Understanding of Dental Caries - Niki Foruk.
19) Essentials of Community & Preventive Dentistry - Soben
Peters.
20) Behaviour Management – Wright
21) Traumatic Injuries - Andreason.
22) Occlusal Guidance in Pediatric Dentistry - Stephen H.
Wei / Nakata
23) Pediatric Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery - Kaban.
24) Pediatric Medical Emergencies - P. S. Whatt.
25) An Atlas of Glass Ionomer Cements - G. J. Mount..
26) Textbook of Pediatric Dentistry - Braham Morris.
27) Primary Preventive Dentistry - Norman O. Harris.
28) Preventive Dentistry - Forrester.
29) Contemporary Orthodontics - Profitt..
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 30) Preventive Dentistry - Depaola.
31) Endodontics - Ingle.
32) Pathways of Pulp - Cohen.
33) Management of Traumatized anterior Teeth - Hargreaves.

Subject: Oral Medicine and Radiology

Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology
1) Oral Medicine, Burkit, J.B. Lippincott Company
2) Principles of Oral Diagnosis, Coleman, Mosby Year Book
3) Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases, Jones, W.B.
Saunders company
4) Oral Diagnosis & Oral Medicine, Mitchell
5) Oral Diagnosis, Kerr
6) Oral Diagnosis & Treatment ,Miller
7) Clinical Methods, Hutchinson
8) Shafers, Oral Pathology
9) Principles and practice of Oral Medicine, Sonis.S.T.,
Fazio.R.C. and Fang.L
Oral Radiology
1) Oral Radiology White & Goaz, Mosby year Book
2) Dental Radiology, Weahrman,C.V. Mosby Company
3) Oral Roentgenographs Diagnosis, Stafne ,W.B. Saunders
Co
4) Fundementals of Dental radiology, Sikri, CBS Publishing.
Forensic Odontology
1) Practical Forensic Odontology, Derek H. Clark,
Butterworth-Heinemann
2) Manual of Forensic Odontology, C Michael Bowers, Gary
Bell
Subject: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
1) Contemporary Orthodontics- William R. Proffit
2) Orthodontics For Dental Students- White And Gardiner
3) Handbook Of Orthodontics- Moyers
4) Orthodontics - Principles And Practice- Graber
5) Design, Construction And Use Of Removable
Orthodontic Appliances- C. Philip Adams
6) Clinical Orthodontics: Vol 1 & 2- Salzmann

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Subject: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
1) Impacted teeth, Alling John et al
2) Principles of Oral & maxillofacial Surgery vol1,2&3
Peterson LJ et al
3) Text book of Oral & maxillofacial Surgery, Srinivasan B
4) Hand book of Medical emergencies in the dental office,
Melamed SF
5) Killey’s Fracture of the Mandible, Banks
6) Killey’s Fractures of the Middle 3 of the Facial Skeleton;
Banks P
7) The Maxillary Sinus and its Dental Implications; Mc
Govanda
8) Killey and Kays Outline of Oral Surgery - Fart l& 2;
Seward GR & et al
9) Essentials of Safe Dentistry for the Medically
Compromised Patients; Mc Carthy FM
10) Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol l& 2; Laskin DM
11) Extraction of Teeth; Howe GL
12) Minor Oral Surgery; Howe GL
13) Contemporary Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeiy; Peterson LJ
14) Text book of Oral &Maxillofacial Surgery , Neelima Anil
Malik
15) Text book of Oral &Maxillofacial Surgery, SM Balaji
16) Principles of Oral Surgery; Moore J'R
17) Handbook of Local Anaesthesia, Malamed
18) Sedation; Malamed
19) Text book of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; Gustav O
Kruger
20) A Practical guide to Hospital Dentistry, Dr. George
Varghese, Jaypee brothers publishing, New Delhi.
21) A Practical guide to the Management of Impacted Tooth,
Dr. George Varghese, Jaypee brothers publishing, New
Delhi.
22) Textbook of Local Anaesthesia; Monheim

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Subject: Prosthodontics, and Crown & Bridge
1) Syllabus of Complete denture -Charles M. Heartwell Jr.
and Arthur O. Rahn
2) Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients- Carl O.
Boucher
3) Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics by -
Sheldon Winkler.
4) Maxillofacial prosthetics by - Willam R. Laney.
5) McCraken's Removable partial Prosthodontics
6) Removable partial Prosthodontics by - Ernest L. Miller
and Joseph E. Grasso.
7) Stewart’s Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics,
Quintessence Publishing Co.
8) Fundementals of Fixed Prosthodontics, Shillingburg,
Quintessence Publishing Co.
9) Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and
Occlusion, Jeffery P. Okeson, Mosby Year book, Inc.

Subject: Periodontology
1) Glickman's Clinical Periodontology-Carranza
Reference books
1) Essentials of Periodontology and periodontics- Torquil
MacPhee
2) Contemporary periodontics- Cohen
3) Periodontal therapy- Goldman
4) Orbans' periodontics- Orban
5) Oral Health Survey- W.H.O.
6) Preventive Periodontics- Young and Stiffler
7) Advanced Periodontal Disease- John Prichard
8) Clinical Periodontology- Jan Lindhe
9) Periodontics- Baer & Morris.

Subject: Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

1) The Art & Science of Operative Dentistry, Sturdivant,
Mosby U.S.A
2) Principle & Practice of Operative Dentistry,
Charbeneu,Varghese Publishing, Mumbai.
3) Grossman’s Endodontic Practice, B. Suresh Chandra &
V. GopiKrishna, Wolters Kluwer
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Subject: Esthetic Dentistry
1) Esthetic guidelines for restorative dentistry; Scharer &
others
2) Esthetics of anterior fixed prosthodontics; Chiche (GJ) &
Pinault (Alain)
3) Esthetic & the treatment of facial form, Vol 28; Mc
Namara (JA)

Subject: Forensic Odontology

1) Practical Forensic Odontology- Derek Clark

Subject: Behaviourial Science

1) General Psychology- Hans Raj, Bhatia
2) Behavioural Sciences in Medical Practice- Manju Mehta
3) General psychology — Hans Raj, Bhatia
4) General psychology —Munn
5) Sciences basic to psychiatry -- Basanth Puri & Peter J
Tyrer

Subject: Ethics
1) Medical Ethics, Francis C M, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi

Subject: Implantology
1) Contemporary Implant Dentistry, Carl. E. Misch, Mosby
2) Osseointegration and Occlusal Rehabilitation, Hobo S.,
Ichida. E. and
3) Garcia L.T. Quintessence Publishing Company,

Note: 1. Book titles will keep on adding in view of the latest advances
in the Dental Sciences.
2. Standard books from Indian authors are also recommended

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List of Journals
1) Journal of Dentistry
2) British Dental Journal
3) International Dental Journal
4) Dental Abstracts
5) Journal of American Dental Association
6) British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
7) Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine
8) Journal of Periodontology
9) Journal of Endodontics
10) American journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
11) Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
12) International Journal of Prosthodontics
13) Journal of Public Health Dentistry
14) Endodontics and Dental Traumatology
15) Journal of Dental Education
16) Dental Update
17) Journal of Dental Material
18) International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
19) International Journal of Clinical Pediatric dentistry

Note: This is the minimum requirement. More journals both Indian

and Foreign are recommended for imparting research oriented
education.

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 INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME

After passing the Final BDS part II Degree Examination the

candidate has to undergo Compulsory Paid Rotating Internship
programme for Twelve months (i.e. 365 days) in the same institution.
During this period the candidates will be posted in all the clinical
departments of the institution. The Degree will be awarded only after
successful completion of the Internship programme. During this
training period they will have to attend to the routine clinical activities
of the department under the supervision of faculty members. The
interns will also be posted in the Dental Casualty for attending to the
emergency services of the institution and may also include rural
postings.

a) The duration of posting of interns in various departments will

be as follows:-

Sl. No. of
Department
No. Days
1. Prosthodontics 60
2. Conservative dentistry 60
3. Oral & maxillofacial Surgery 60
4. Orthodontics 30
5. Pedodontics 30
6. Oral Medicine & Radiology 30
7. Periodontics 30
8. Community Dentistry/ Rural services/Palliative care 30
9. Oral Pathology 15
10. Elective ( any of the subjects listed from 1 to 7 ) 20

b) Duties & responsibilities of Intern posted in various

departments include:-
i. Attending to the routine O.P in the Department
ii. Carrying out the routine clinical procedures in the department
iii. Carrying out Patient and instrument Preparation for clinical
procedures.

156
iv. Carrying out all Clinical procedures including impression
making, and pouring casts ( i.e. steps including mixing of
impression materials & gypsum products, mixing of restorative
materials and removal of casts from impressions to be done by
the internee without seeking assistance)
v. Fabrication insertion and follow up of removable orthodontic
appliances.
vi. Attending to the casualty duties of the institution
vii. Maintenance of log book and records
viii. Carrying out any other duty as instructed by the Head of the
Department.
ix. Maintenance of proper dress code and attire.

Note: The entire clinical work done by intern will be under the
supervision of faculty members. In the absence of faculty the intern
will be under the supervision of Senior/Junior Resident.

b) Suggested internship programme in Community Dentistry:

i At the college :
Interns are posted to the department to get training in dental
practice management.
a) Total oral health care approach-in order to prepare the
new graduates in their approach to diagnosis, treatment
planning, cost of treatment, prevention of treatment on
schedule, recall maintenance of records etc. at least 10
patients ( both children and adults of all types).
b) The practice of chair side preventive dentistry including
oral health education
ii At the community oral health care centre (adopted by the dental
college in rural areas)
Graduates posted to familiarize in :
a) Survey methods, analysis and presentation of oral health
assessment of school children and community
independently using WHO basic oral health survey
methods.
b) Participation in rural oral health education programmes.
c) Stay in the village to understand the problems and life in
rural areas.
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iii In Pain and palliative care centre
iv DESIRABLE :
Practical knowledge in the use of computers : Operating system,
word processor, spread sheet, power point and patient
management software etc.

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