CHAPTER 1 THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Be Be SB Be BB BB Be - OBJECTIVES Compare and contrast microprocessors and microcontrollers Describe the advantages of microcontrollers for some applications Explain the concept of embedded systems Discuss criteria to consider in choosing a microcontroller Explain the variations of speed, packaging, memory, and cost per unit and how these affect choosing a microcontroller” Compare and contrast the various members of the 8051 family Compare 8051 microcontrollers offered by various manufacturers‘This chapter begins with a discussio. of the role and importance of micro controllers in everyday life. In Section 1.1 we also discuss criteria to'consider in choosing a microcontroller, as well as the use of microcontrollers in the embed- ded market, Section 1.2 covers various members of the 8051 family such as the 8052 and 8031, and their features. In addition, we discuss various versions of the 8051 such as the 8751, ATS9CSI, and DS5000. ~ SECTION 1.1: MICROCONTROLLERS AND EMBEDDED PROCESSORS In this scetion we discuss the need for microcontrollers and contrast them with general-purpose microprocessors such as the Pentium and other x86 micro- processors. We also look at the role of microcontrollers in the embedded market. In addition, we provide some criteria on how to choose a microcontroller. Microcontroller versus general-purpose microprocessor What is the difference between a microprocessor and microcontroller? By microprocessor is meant the generai-purpose microprocessors such as Intel's x86 family (8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, and the Pentium) or Motorola's 680x0 fami- ly (68000, 68010, 68020, 68030, 68040, etc.). ‘These microprocessors contain no RAM, no ROM, and no 1/0 ports on the chip itself, For this reason, they are com- monly referred to as general-purpose microprocessors. Data bus CPU . : : ceu | Ram] ROM | 1 1 1 General- Serial { Purpose | | RAM | Rom uo | timer] | com Micro- | Port vo | Timer | Serial processor com Port Address (2) General-Purpose Microprocessor System (6) Microcontroller Figure tcl. Microprocessor System Contrasted With Microcontroller System A system designer using a general-purpose microprocessor such as the Pentium or the 68040 must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers externally to make them functional. Although the addition of external RAM, ROM, and /O ports makes these systems bulkier and much more expensive, they have the advan- tage of versatility such that the designer can decide on the amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports needed to fit the task at hand, This is not the case with microcon- trollers. A microcontroller has a CPU (a microprocessor) in addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, /O ports, and a timer all on a single chip. In other words, the processor, the RAM, ROM, I/O port. and timer are all embedded together on one chip; therefore, the designer cannot add any external memory, 1/0, or timer to it. The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and number of 1/0 ports in micro- controllers makes them ideal for many applications in which cost and space are 24Home ‘Appliances Intercom Telep! Security systems Garage door openers Answering machines Fax machines Home computers TVs [Cable TV tuner VCR Caincorder Remote controls Video games Cellvlar phones, Musical instruments Sewing machines Lighting control Paging [Camera Pinball machines Toys Exercise equipment Office Telephones Computers Security systems Fax inachine Microwave Copier Laser pri Color printer Paging Auto Trip computer Engine control Air bag, ABS Instrumentation Security system Transmission control Entertainment Climate control Cellular phone Keyless entry nes ier Table I- e Embedded Products Using Microcontrollers critical. In many applications, for example a TV remote control, there is no need for the computing power of a 486 or even an 8086 microprocessor. In many applications, the space it takes, the power it consumes, and the price per unit are much more critical considerations than the computing power. These applications most often require some I/O operations to read signals and turn on and off certain bits, For this reason some call these processors IBP, “itty-bitty processors” (see “Good Things in Small Packages Are Generating Big Product Opportunities” by Rick Grehan, BYTE magazine, September 1994; www.byte.com, for an excel- lent discussion of microcontrollers) It is interesting to note that some microcontroller manu- facturers have gone as far as integrating an ADC (analog-to-digi tal converter) and other peripherals into the microcontroller. Microcontrollers for embedded systems In the literature discussing microprocessors, we often see the term embedded system. Microprocessors and microcontrollers are widely used in embedded system products. An embedded product uses a microprocessor (or microcontroller) to do one task and one task only. A printer is an example of embedded system ince the processor inside it performs one task only; namely, get- ing the data and printing it. Contrast this with a Pentium-based PC (or any x86 IBM-compatible PC). A PC can be used for any number of applications such as word processor, print-server, bank teller terminal, video game player, network server, or internet ter- minal. Software for a variety of applications can be loaded and run. Of course the reason a PC can perform myriad tasks is that it has RAM memory and an operating system that loads the appli- cation software into RAM and lets the CPU run it. In an embed- ded system, there is only one application software that is typi ly burned into ROM. An x86 PC contains or is connected to var- ious embedded products such as the Keyboard, printei, modem, controller, sound card, CD-ROM driver, mouse, and so on. Each one of these peripherals has a microcontroller inside it that performs only one task. For example, inside every mouse there is a microcontroiler to perform the task of finding the mouse posi- tion and sending it to the PC. Table 1-1 lists some embedded products. X86 PC embedded applications Although microcontrollers are the preferred choice for many embedded systems, there are times that a microcontroller is inadequate for the task. For this ::ason, in recent years many manufacturers of general-purpose microprocessors such as Intel, Motorola, AMD (Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.), and Cyrix (now a division of National Semiconductor, Inc.) have targeted nn RNS CHAPTER 1: THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS _ 25their microprocessor for the high end of the embedded market. While Intel, AMD, and Cyrix push their x86 processors for both the embedded and desk-top PC mar- kets, Motorola is determined to keep the 68000 family alive by targeting it main- ly for the high end of embedded systems now that Apple no longer uses the 680x0 their Macintosh, In the early 1990s Apple computer began using Power PC microprocessors (604, 603, 620, etc.) in place of the 680x0 for the Macintosh, The Power PC microprocessor is a joint venture between IBM and Motorola, and is {argeted for the high end of the embedded market as well as the PC market. It must be noted that when a company targets a general-purpose microprocessor for the emibedded market it optimizes the processor used for embedded systems. For this, reason these processors are often called high-end embedded processors. Very often the terms embedded processor and microcontroller are used interchangeably. One of the most critical needs of an embedded system is to decrease power consumption and space. This can be achieved by integrating more functions into the CPU chip. All the embedded processors based on the x86 and 680x0 have low power consumption in addition to some forms of 1/0, COM port, and ROM all on a single chip. In high-performance embedded processors, the trend is to integrate more and more functions on the CPU chip and let the designer decide which fea- tures he/she wants to use. This trend is invading PC system design as well. Normally, in designing the PC motherboard we need a CPU plus a chip-set con- taining /O, a cache controller, a flash ROM containing BIOS, and finally a sec- ondary cache memory. New designs are emerging in industry. For example, Cyrix hhas announced that it is working on a chip that contains the entire PC, except for DRAM. In other words, we are about to see an entire computer on a chip. Currently, because of MS-DOS and Windows standardization many embedded systems are using x86 PCs. In many cases using x86 PCs for the high- end embedded applications not only saves money but also shortens development time since there is a vast iibrary of software already written for the DOS and Windows platforms. The fact that Windows is a widely used and well understood platform means that developing a Windows-based embedded product reduces the cost and shortens the development time corisiderably. Choosing a microcontroller Thers-are four major 8-bit microcontrollers, They are: Motorola's 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8, and PIC 16X from Microchip Technology. Each of the above microcontrollers has a unique instruction set and register set; therefore, they are not compatible with each other. Programs written for one will not run on-the others. There are also 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers made by various chip makers. With all these different microcontrollers, what criteria do designers con- sider in choosing one? Three criteria in choosing microtontrollers are as follow: (1) meeting the computing needs of the task at hand efficiently and cost effective- ly, (2) availability of software development tools such as compilers, assemblers, and clebuggers, and (3) wide availability and reliabic sources of the microcon- troller. Next we elaborate further on each of the above criteria, 26Criteria for choosing a microcontroller 1, The first and foremost criterion in choosing a microcontroller is that it must meet the task at hand efficiently and cost effectively. In analyzing the needs of a microcontroller-based project, we must first see whether an 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit microcontroller can best handle the computing needs of the task most cllectively. Among other considerations in this category are: (a) Speed. What is the highest speed that the microcontroller supports? (b) Packaging, Does it come in 40-pin DIP (dual inline package) or a QFP (quad flat package), or some other packaging format? This is important in terms of space, assembling, and prototyping the end pzoduct. (c) Power consumption. This is especially critical for battery-powered prod- ucts, (d) The amount of RAM and ROM on chip. (e) The number of i/O pins and the timer on the chip. (1) How easy it is to upgrade to higher-performance or lower power-con- sumption versions, (g) Cost per unit. This is important in terms of the final cost of the product in which a microcontroller is used. For example, there are microcontrollers that cost 50 cents per unit when purchased 100,000 units at a time. 2. The second criterion in choosing a microcontroller is how easy it is to devel- op products around it. Key considerations include the availability of an assem- bler, debugger, a code-efficient’C language compiler, emulator, iechnical sup- port, and both in-house and outside expertise. In many cases, third-party ven- dor (that is, a supplier other than the chip manufacturer) support for the chip 28 200 as, if not better than, support from the chip aranufacturer 3. The third criterion in choosing a microcontroller is its ready availability in needed quantities both now and in the future. For some designers this is even more important than the first wo criteria, Currently, of the leading 8-bit micro- controllers, the 8051 family has the largest number of diversified (multiple source) suppliers. By supplier is meant a producer besides the originator of the Table 1-2: Some Companies Preducing a Member of ‘microcontroller. In the case the 8051 Family of the 8051, which was ori inated by Intel, several com- Compan; Web Site - panies also currently pro- intel ‘www. intel.com/design/mes51 duce (or have produced in Atmel___wwwatmel.com ___ the past) the 8051. These Philips/Signetics wwwsemiconductors.philipscom companies include: Intel, Siemens Wwww.si Siemens.com. Aumel, L Philips/Signetics, Dallas Semiconductor_www.dalsemi.com AMD, Siemens, Matra, and Dallas Semiconductor. It shoutd be noted that Motorola, Zilog, and Microchip Technology have ali dedicate inassive resources to ensure wide and timely vailability of their product since their product is stable, mature, and single sourced. In recent years they also have begun to sell the ASIC library cell of the microcontroller. CHAPTER 1: THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS 27Review Questions 1. True or false. Microcontrollers are nurmally less expensive than microproces- sors. 2. When comparing a system board based on a microcontroller and a general-pur- pose microprocessor, which one is cheaper? - 3. A microcontroller normally has which of the following devices on-chip? (a) RAM (b) ROM (©) vO (d) all of the above 4. A general-purpose microprocessor normally needs which of the following devices to be attached to it? (a) RAM (b) ROM (vo (d) all of the above 5. An embedded system is also called a dedicated system. Why? What does the term embedded system mean? 7. Why does having multiple sources of a given product matter? « SECTION 1.2: OVERVIEW OF THE 8051 FAMILY In this section we first look at the various members of the 805i family of microcontrollers and their internal features. Plus we see who are the different man- ufacturers of the 8051 and what kind of products they offer. A brief history of the 8051 In 1981, Intel Corporation introduced an 8-bit microcontroller called the 8051. This microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of on-chip ROM, two timers, one serial port, and four ports (each 8-bits wide) all on a single chip. At the time it was also referred to as a “system on a chip.” The 8051 is an 8-bit proces- sor, meaning that the CPU can work’on only & bits of data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8-bit pieces to be processed by the CPU. The 8051 has a total of four /O ports, each 8 bits wide. See Figure 1-2. Although the 8051 can have a maximum of 64K bytes of on-chip ROM, many manufacturers have put orsly 4K bytes on the chip. This will be discussed in more detail later. The 8051 became widely popular afier Intel allowed other manufacturers to make and market any flavor of the 8051 they piease with the condition that they remain code-compatible with the 8051. This has led to many versions of the 8051 with different speeds and amounts of on-chip ROM marketed by more than half a dozen manufacturers. Next we review some of them. It is important to note that although there are different flavors of the 8051 in terms Table 1-3: Features of the 8051 of speed and amount of on-chip ROM, they are all com- patible with the original 8051 as far as the instructions are Feature ____Quantity_ concerned. This means that if you write your program for ROM ______ 4K bytes ‘one, it will run on any one of them regardless of the man- RAM 128 bytes ufacturer Timer ___2_ 7 WO pins 32 8051 microcontroller Serial port 1 The 8051 is the original member of the 8051 fam IBi-"upt Sources —__6_ ily. Intel refers to itas MCS-51. Table 1-3 shows the main 7" Rontamenn indicates on-chip features of the 8051. 28EXTERNAL, INTERRUPTS. | | ON-CHIP 8 y y ROM € INTERRUPT for ETC Fa CONTROL |< | program On-cHIP TMERO|. 3 - ‘code RAM TIMERT |< J 2 ; é § a ee ee — 7p Jf 4] BUS 4110 SERIAL | osc CONTROL. PORTS PORT iy ttt : I O- YoY Y | PO Pi P2 P3 TXD XO —_ ‘ADDRESSIDATA Figure 1-2, Inside the 8051 Microcontroller Block Diagram Other members of the 8051 family ‘There are two other members in the 8051 family of microcontrollers. They are the 8052 and the 8031. 8052 microcontroller The 8052 is another member of the 8051 family. The 8052 has all the stan- dard features of the 8051 in addition to an extra 128 bytes of RAM and an extra timer, In other words, the 8052 has 256 bytes of RAM and 3 timers. It also has 8K bytes of on-chip program ROM instead of 4K bytes. See Table 1-4 ‘Table 1-4: Comparison of 8051 Family Members Feature 8051 3052 8031 ROM (on-chip program space in bytes) 4K 8K a ‘AM (bytes) 128 256, 128 Timers 2 3 2 W/O pins 32 3: 32 Serial port r 1 i Interrupt sources 6 8 6 ‘As can be seen fro: Table 1-4, the 8051 is a sudset af the 8052: thr fore, all programs written for the 8051 will run on the 8052, but the reverse is not (rue. CHAPTER 1: THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS 298031 microcontroller ‘Another member of the 8051 family is the 8031 chip. This chip is often referred to as a ROM-less 8051 since it has OK bytes of on-chip ROM. To use this chip you must add external ROM to it. This external ROM must contain the pro- gram that the 8031 will fetch and execute. Contrast that to the 8051 in which the on-chip ROM contains the program to be fetched and executed but is limited to only 4K bytes of cude. The ROM containing the program attached to the 8031 can be as large as 64K bytes. In the process of adding external ROM to the 8031, you lose two ports. That leaves only 2 ports (of the 4 ports) for 1/0 operations. To solve this problem, you can add external /O to the $031. Interfacing the 8031 with memory and 1/O ports such as the 8255 chip is discussed in Chapter {4. There are also various speed versions of the 8031 available from different companies. Various 8051 microcontrollers ‘Although the 8051 is the most popular member of the 8051 family, you will not see “8051” in the part number. This is because the 8051 is available in differ- ent memory types, such as UV-EPROM, flash, and NV-RAM, all of which have different part numbers. A discussion of tie various types of ROM will be given in Chapter 14. The UV-EPROM version of the 8051 is the 8751. The flash ROM ver- sion is marketed by many companies including Atmel Corp. The Atmel Flash 8051 is called AT89CS1. The NV-RAM version of the 8051 made by Dallas Semiconductor is called $5000. There is also the OTP (one-time programmable) version of the 8051 made by various manufacturers. Next we discuss briefly each of the above chips and describe applications where they are used. 8751 microcontroller ‘This 8751 chip has only 4K bytes of on-chip UV-EPROM. To use this chip for development requires access to a PROM burner, as well as a UV-EPROM eras- er to erase the contents of UV-EPROM inside the 8751 chip before you can pro- gram it again. Due to the fact that the on-chip ROM for the 8751 is UV-EPROM, it takes around 20 minutes to erase the 8751 before it can be programmed again. This has led many manufacturers to introduce flash and NV-RAM versions of the 8051 as we will discuss next. There are alse various speed versions of the 8751 available from different companies. AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation This popular 8051 chip has on-chip ROM in the form of flash memory. This is ideal for fast development since flash memory can be erased in Séconds compared to the twenty minutes or more needed for the 8751. For this reason the ‘AT89CS1 is used in place of the 8751 to eliminate the waiting time needed to erase the chip and thereby speed up the development time. To use the AT89CS1 to devel op a microcontroller based. system requires a ROM burner that supports flash memory; however, a ROM eraser is not needed. Notice that in flash memory you must erase the entire covilents of ROM in order to program it again, This erasing of flash is done by the PROM burner itself and this is why a separate eraser is not needed. To eliminate the need for a PROM burner Atmel is working on a version of the ATS9CSI that can be programmed via the serial COM port of an IBM PC. a 30Table 1-5: Versions of 8051 From Atmel (All ROM Flash) . Part Number ROM RAM __1/O pins _Timer_Interrupt__Voc__ Packaging ATBICST aK 128 32 z 6 3V 40, ATSOLVST 4K 128 32 2 6 3V 40 ATSOCIOST 1K 64 15 1 3 3V 20 aTg9C2051___ 2K 128 15 2 6 3V 20 AT89CS2, 8K 128 32 3 8 SV 40 ATSOLVS2___ 8K 128 32 3 8 BV, 40 Note: “C* in the part number indicates CMOS. Table ‘There are various speed and packaging versions of the above products. See Table 1-6. For example, notice ATS9C51-12PC where “C” before the 51 is for CMOS, which has a low power consumption, “12” indicates 12 MHz, “P” is for plastic DIP package, and “C” is for commercial (vs. “M” for military). Often, the AT89CS1-12PC is ideal for many student projects. Table 1-6: Various Speeds of 8051 From Atmel Part Number Speed __Pins Packaging Use AT89ICSI-12PC 12 MHz 40 DIP plastic commercial ‘AT89C51-16PC 16 MHz 40 DIP plastic commercial ‘AT89CS1-20PC 20 MHz 40 DIP plastic commercial DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor Another popular version of the 8051 is the DS5000 chip from Dallas Semiconductor. The on-chip ROM for the DS5000 is in the form of NV-RAM. The read/write capability of NV-RAM allows the program to be loaded into the on-chip ROM while it is in the system. This can be done even via the seriat port of an IBM PC. This in-system program loading of DS5000 via a PC serial port makes it an ideal home development system. Anotier advantage of NV-RAM is the ability to change the ROM contents one byte at a time. Contrast this with UV- EPROM and lash memory in which the entire ROM must be erased before it is programmed again. Versions of 8051 From Dallas Semiconductor’s Soft Microcontroller Part Number ROM RAM W/O pins ‘Timers Interrupts Vcc ___Packaging DS5000-8 8K 128 322 6 SV 40. DS5000-32 32K 128 scams 6 5V 40 DSS000T-8 8K 128) 322 6 5V 40 DSsO0OT-8 32K 128 S22 6 SV 40 es: All ROM are NV-RAM Ne means it has a real-time clock. Notice that the real-time clock (RTC) is different from the timer. The real- time clock generates and keeps the time of day (hr-min-sec) and date (yr-mon-day) even when the power is off. CHAPTER 1: THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS 31“There are various speed and packaging versions of the DS5000 as show in Table 1-8. For example, DS5000-8-8 has 8K NV-RAM and a speed of 8MHz. Onen the D$5000-8-12 (or DSSO00T-8-12) is ideal for many student projects. ‘Table 1-8: Versions of 8051 From Dallas Semiconductor Part Number NV-RAM__Speed. DS5000-8-8 8K 8 MHz, DS5000-8-12 8K. 12 MHz, DS5000-32-8 32K 8 Miz DSSO0OT-32-8 32K SMHz__(with RTC)__- D$5000-32-12 32K 12 MHz DssocoT-8-12 8K. 12MHz (with RTC) OTP version of the 8051 “There are also OTP (one-time-programmable) versions of the 8051 av able from different sources. Flash and NV-RAM versions are typically used for product development. When a product is designed end absolutely finalized, the DIP version of the 8051 is used for mass production since itis much cheaper in terms of price per unit. 8051 family from Philips ‘Another major producer of the 8051 family is Philips Corporation. Indeed, they have one of the largest selcetions of 8051 microcontrollers Many of their products include features such as A-to-D converters, D-to-A converters. extended VO, und both OTP and flash. Review Questions 1, Name three features of the 8051. 2. What is the maior difference between the 8051 and 8052 r ccrocontrollers? 3. Give the size of RAM in each of the following. (a) 8051 (b) 8052 (©) 8031 4, Give the size of the oft-chip ROM in each of the following. (@) 8051 (b) 8052 (c) 8031 5. The 8051 is a(n) -bit microprocessor. . &. State a major difference between the 8751, the AT89C51 and the S500. 7. List additional features introduced in the DSSO00T that are not present 18 the S500. . 8. ‘True or false. The AT89C51-12PC chip has @ DIP package. §. The ATROCS1-12PC chip can handle a maximum frequency of _—_ MH 10. The D$5000-32 has __K bytes of on-chip NV-RAM for programs. eeSUMMARY This chapter discussed the role and importance of microcontrollers in everyday life. Microprocessors and microcontrollers were contrasted and com- pared. We discussed the use of microcontrollers in the embedded market. We also discussed criteria to consider in choosing a microcontroller such as speed, memo- ry, VO, packaging, and cost per unit. The second section of this chapter described various family members of the 8051, such as the 8052 and 8031, and their features In addition. we discussed various versions of the 8051 such as the AT89CS1 and DSS000, which are marketed by suppliers other than Intel. PROBLEMS SECTION 1.1; MICROCONTROLLERS AND EMBEDDED PROCESSORS True or False. A general-purpose microprocessor has on-chip ROM. True or False. A microcontroller has on-chip ROM. True or False. A microcontroller has on-chip 1/O ports. True or False. A microcontroller has a fixed amount of RAM on the chip. What components are normally put together with the microcontroiler into a single chip? 6. Intel's Pentium chips used in Windows PCs need external _ and chips to store data and code. 7. List three embedded products attached to a PC. Why would someone want to use an x86 as an embedded processor? 9. Give the name and the manufacturer of some of the most widely used 8-bit microcontrollers 10. In Question 9, which one has the most manufacture sources? IL. In a battery-based embedded product, what is the most important factor in choosing a microcontroller? 12, In an embedded controller with on-chip ROM, why does the size of the ROM matter? 13. In choosing a microcontroller, how important is it to have a multiple source for that chip? 14, What does the term "third-party support" mean? : 15. Ifa microcontroller architecture has both 8-bit and 16-bit versions, which of the following statements is true. (a) The 8-bit software will run on the 16-bif system. (b) The 16-bit software will run on the 8-bit system. waeNe SECTION 1.2: OVERVIEW OF THE 8051 F.\ WILY 16. The 8751 has __ bytes of on-chip ROM. 17. The AT89C51 has bytes of on-chip RAM. 18, The 8051 has__0 imer(s). ence — ee CHAPTER 1: THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS 3319, The 8052 has __bytes of on-chip RAM. 20. The ROMless version of the 8051 uses as the part number 21. The 8051 family has ___pins for /O. 22. The 8051 family has circuitry to support serial ports. 23. The $751 on-chip ROM is of type 24, The AT8951 on-chip ROM is of type 25. The DS5000 on-chip ROM is of type 3, Give the speed and package type for the following chips. (a) ATSICSI-16PC—_(b) DS5000-8-12 27, in Question 26, give the amount and type of on-chip ROM- 38 Of the 8051 family, which version is the most cost effective if you 3 million of them in an embedded product? 29, What is the difference between the 8031 and 8051? 30, Of the 8051 microcontrollers, which one is the best for a home dc ‘environment? (You do not have access to a ROM burner). ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS SECTION !.1: MICROCONTROLLERS AND EMBEDDED PROCESSORS 1. True 2. A microcontroller based system 3.@ ae Stig dedicated since itis dedicated to doing one type of job. & Bckvaded system means the processor is embedded into that application S$ Figs multiple sources fora given part means you are not hostage fo n° imponsrtly conpettion arong supplies brings about lower cost For Hat produ SECTION 1.2: OVERVIEW OF THE 8051 FAMILY 1.128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of on-chip ROM, four 8-bit HO ports Sy GERUS has eveovthing that the 80ST bas, plus an extra timer, and the on <" rece castead of 4K bytes. The RAM in the 8052 is 256 bytes instend of 15 5, BREE AGost and the $031 have 128 bytes of RAM and the 8652 has 256 Ps: 4. (a) sR oytes (o) SK bytes (6) 0K bytes 6 ference isthe ype of on-chip ROM. In the 8751 itis UV-EPROM: in! ‘and in the DS5000 1t is NV-RAM 1 \JOT has a real-time clock (RTC). 8 9, 10, 32 34