HAZARD STORMS
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause TYPHOON
loss of life, injury and other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood FLASH FLOODS
and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Λ HAILSTORM
THUNDER STORM
Hazard has only the potential to cause destruction or negative impacts to life and TORNADO
property.
Disaster is a hazard that already occurred and already cause destruction and c. Biological Hazards
devastating impacts living things or substances from living things that can cause illnesses and diseases
or any harm.
Classification of Hazard
Hazard can be classified into three (3) main categories: Examples:
1. NATURAL HAZARD COVID 19 PANDEMIC
2. TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD INFESTATION
3. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
2. TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD
1.NATURAL HAZARD are man-made hazards caused by technological, infrastructure, or industrial
a. Geological Hazards accidents or failures.
are natural phenomena or processes that occur in the Earth's Crust. Examples:
→nuclear explosion
Examples: → industrial pollution
EARTHQUAKE →vehicular accidents
VOLVANIC ERUPTION →industrial explosions and fires
LANDSLIDE →collapse of buildings
ROCKSLIDE
SUDSIDENCE b. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
LIQUEFACTION are processes caused or induced by human activities or in combination with
natural hazards
b. Hydrometeorological Hazards
are atmospheric, hydrological, and oceanographic natural processes or Examples:
phenomena. deforestation, land degradation, loss of biodiversity
land, water, and air pollution
Examples: climate change
CYCLONE ozone depletion
2. PHYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT
Types of Hazard psychological trauma, chronic anxiety, depression, and other emotional and
There are two (2) types of Hazard: mental disorders.
1. SLOW ONSET HAZARDS
are hazards that have early signs or indicators before its occurrence. 3. SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT
migration, alteration of traditional social status, loss of cultural identity, ethnic
2. RAPID OR SUDDEN ONSET HAZARDS conf icts, sexual abuse and domestic violence, and changes in lifestyle.
are hazards that occur or strike without any prior signs or warnings.
4. ECONOMIC IMPACT
Natural Disasters loss of employment, livelihood and property/land
Rapid onset 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• Earthquakes environmental contamination, loss of forests and natural rivers.
• Tsunamis
• Volcanic eruptions 6. BIOLOGICAL IMPACT
• Cyclones/storms/hurricanes/typhoons spread of epidemic diseases to people, flora and fauna.
• Floods
• Landslides
• Avalanches PRECAUTIONARY SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
• Blizzards
• Wildfires CYCLONE
- is an intense low-pressure system which is characterized by strong winds towards
Slow onset the center called the "Eye" in a counter clockwise f bw in the northern hemisphere.
• Droughts
• Desertification TYPHOON
• Environmental degradation - is a large, powerful and violent tropical cyclone. It is a low-pressure area rotating
counterclockwise and containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in
Impacts of Various Hazard the Western Pacific Ocean.
There are six (6) impact of various hazard:
THUNDER STORM
1. PHYSICAL IMPACT - a weather condition that produces lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall from
death and injuries (casualties) of people, and destruction or damages to properties cumulonimbus clouds and possibly a tornado.
and infrastructures.
FLOOD - contamination of food by biological contaminants such as bacteria, fungi, viruses
-caused by a temporary rise or the overf bwing of a river, stream, lakes, oceans, and parasites. Chemical contaminants such as agricultural chemical (pesticides,
reservoirs or other enclosed bodies of water inundating lands due to heavy and insecticides, herbicides and fungicides).
prolonged rainfall associated with tropical cyclones, monsoons, inter-tropical
convergence zones or low- pressure areas RED TIDE
- discoloration of water bodies due to high level of algae which are toxic and
STORM SURGE responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP).
- is a rise of seawater above normal sea level on the coast, generated by the action
of weather elements such as cyclonic wind and atmospheric pressure. WATER POLLUTION
- caused by substances like sewage, marine litter, oil and chemical spills, fertilizers
EARTHQUAKE and pesticides entering the ocean from irrigation.
- a feeble shaking to violent trembling of the ground produced by the sudden
displacement of rocks or rock materials below the Earth's surface.
HAZARDS
VOLCANIC ERUPTION A phenomenon, situation or substance that has the potential to cause harm or loss
- process wherein volcanic materials such as molten or hot fragmented rocks or of life
gaseous materials are ejected from a volcano.
DISASTER
TSUNAMI It is a serious disruption and functioning of community or society after exposing to
- giant sea waves generated by under-the-sea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. hazards
LANDSLIDE RISK
- is a massive outward and downward movement of rocks and soil materials. It is a change or probability of having disaster after exposing to hazards.
STRUCTURE COLLAPSE DISASTER-RISK FACTORS
- caused by engineering failures such as under design of structural components,
corrosion attack and aerodynamic resonance in structures. 1. Physical
2. Socio-cultural
FIRE 3. Psychological
- composed of elements: h. fuel and oxygen which when combined will result in a 4. Economic
chemical reaction called burning. 5. Political
6.Biological
FOOD POISONING 7. Environmental
Exposure and Vulnerabilities
LESSON OBJECTIVES FOUR MAIN TYPES OF VULNERABILITY
1. Physical Vulnerability infrastructure and Population
Explain the meaning of Exposure and Vulnerability Example: Wooden homes are less likely to collapse in an earthquake but are more
Explain the relationship of hazards, exposure and vulnerability to disaster risk vulnerable to fire.
Recognize the different sectors that are vulnerable in the time of Disaster 2. Social Vulnerability refers to the inability of people, organizations and societies
to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social
Disaster-Risk interactions, instructions and systems of cultural values.
It is the result of combination of exposure to hazards, vulnerability and lack of Example: When f boding occurs some citizens, such as children, elderly and
preventions to different types of hazards. differently-able, may be unable to protect themselves or evacuate if necessary.
3. Economic Vulnerability (Socio-economic factors)
WHY THESE COUNTRIES ARE AT-RISK? Example: Poorer families may live in squatter settlements because they cannot
Because they have a higher chance or probability of having disaster due to afford to live in safer (more expensive) areas.
exposure and vulnerability. 4. Environmental Vulnerability Natural resources depletion and resource
degradation are key aspects of environmental vulnerability.
WHY ARE THEY EXPOSE AND VULNERABLE? Example: wetlands are sensitive to increasing salinity from sea water, and pollution
1. Types of hazards presents from stormwater runoff containing agricultural chemicals, eroded soils and etc.
2. Geographic location
3. Risk factors (physical, socio-economical, etc.) EXPOSURE
4. Population (children, PWds, Elderly) It is refers to which is affected by natural disasters such as people and property.
5. Response and Risk Reduction
THREE COMPONENTS THAT DEFINES EXPOSURES:
VULNERABILITY 1. People, properties, systems and other elements (tangible or intangible).
It is defined as a condition resulting from physical, social, economic and 2. Located in Identified Hazard Zones
environmental factors or processes, which increases the susceptibility of a 3. Potential loss
community to the impact of hazard.
HOW TO REDUCED EXPOSURE?
THINGS TO CONSIDER: 1. Prevention (steps to eliminate hazards)
1. Infrastructures 2. Mitigation (steps to reduce the hazards)
2. Economic Power 3. Adaptation (modifications)
3. Manpower
4. Type of Population Disaster-risk Model is the conceptual model that showcases the relationship of
5. Government hazards, exposure, vulnerability and disaster-risk.
6. Education
Why it is Important?
1. To prepare for, and respond to, disaster- related displacement; CHILDREN
2. To prevent future displacement and reduced its impact on people and • Psychological and Physiological factors
communities; and • Separation or loss of family
3. To achieve durable peace, security and global governance.
PWD's
What are the different sectors that are vulnerable in times of disaster? • Psychological and Physiological factors
• Neglected in policy-making and programs discrimination
INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRY • Access to public services
• Higher short term economic losses
• Gender and age demography FIRE HAZARDS
• Emergency preparedness LESSON OBJECTIVE
• Infrastructural losses • State the positive and negative effects of fires
• Recognize elements of the fire triangle in different situations
DEVELOPING COUNTRY • Analyze the different causes of fires Identify situation involving elements of fires
• Long term effect on the economy and social development
• Massive casualties POSITIVE IMPACTS OF FIRES
• Lack of resources
• Forces to divert funds Ecological BENEFITS
• Lack of technological advancement Fire is a natural process that can benefit many ecosystems. It can stimulate the
growth of new plants, remove dead and decaying vegetation, and promote
MINORITIES biodiversity.
• Geographical location that will slow-down relief operations
• Traditions, culture and practices Cultural BENEFITS
In some cultures, fire is used for cooking, warmth, and ceremonies. It has been an
PEOPLE IN THE POVERTY LINE important part of human culture for thousands of years.
• Socio-economic factors
• Education Economic BENEFITS
• Food security Fire can be used as a tool in some industries, such as forestry, to manage forests
• Unsafe homes and locations of settlements and promote healthy growth. It can also be used to clear land for agriculture or
development.
WOMEN
• Less access of resources in some countries NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF FIRES
• Gender-based discriminations LOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTY
Fires can be destructive and deadly. They can cause extensive damage to homes, HEAT
buildings, and infrastructure, and can result in the loss of human and animal life. In addition to a fuel source, heat must be present in order for ignition to take
place. All flammable materials give off flammable vapors which undergoes
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE combustion, when heat is present
Fires can release large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and
methane, into the atmosphere. They can also contribute to soil erosion, air and OXYGEN
water pollution, and damage to wildlife habitats, aside from fuel and heat, fire also needs oxygen to keep burning. It acts as the
oxidizing agent in the chemical reaction.
HEALTH IMPACTS
Smoke from fires can have serious health effects, particularly for people with This means that when the fuel burns, it reacts with the oxygen to release heat and
respiratory problems such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease generate combustion.
(COPD). It can also cause eye and skin irritation, and increase the risk of heart
disease and stroke. How do you stop the fire?
Fire Triangle Remove one of the three elements
The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a simple model for understanding the OXYGEN, HEAT or FUEL
necessary ingredients for most fires. The triangle illustrates the three elements a if one of them is remove it stop burning
fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).
TYPES OF FIRES
A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right
mixture meaning the fire is actually an event rather than a thing.A fire can be Class A
prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the elements in the fire Combustible materials:
triangle. • Wood
• Plastics
For example: • Textiles
Covering a fire with fire blanket removes the oxygen part of the triangle and can • Paper and clothing
extinguish a fire. gase
Class B
FUEL Flammable liquids and gases:
in order for a fire to start there must be a material to burn - and this is referred to • Grease
as the fuel. • Oil Gasoline
Examples: Paper, oils, woods, gases, plastics and rubber. • Crude oil
• Alcohol
Unattended burning candles or kerosene lamps that are placed near
Class C flammable/combustible material is a fre waiting to happen. Unattended cooking
Electrical equipment: causes most fires in the homes that occur in the kitchen. Oil or fat starting to
• Computers smoke is near the combustion point and can ignite violently.
• Fax machine Refrigerator
• Television Liquefied Petroleum Gas
• Oven Fire hazards occurring due to electrical equipment are common in manufacturing
or industrial facilities. Exposed wires, overloaded outlets, or static discharge can all
Class D increase the risks of fires at work.
Metal Fires:
• Magnesium Fireworks
• Sodium A fire started by a firework can be caused by the discharge of large amounts of
• Potassium chemicals or gases in the device before ignition. These chemicals may include
• Titanium glass, metal, and other items used in manufacturing the device and gunpowder
• Other flammable metals from fireworks that were not adequately extinguished after use.
Class K Spontaneous lgnition
Kitchen Fire: Is the occurrence of fire without the application of an external heat source. Due to
• Oils chemical, biological, or physical processes, combustible materials self-heat to a
• Lards temperature high enough for ignition to occur.
• Fats in commercial cooking
Static Electricity
COMMON FIRE HAZARDS Static electricity is also a known risk. Under certain circumstances, a discharge of
Electrical Fire hazards static electricity can create the spark that starts a fire or triggers an explosion.
occurring due to electrical equipment is common in manufacturing or industrial
facilities. Exposed wires, overloaded outlets, or static discharge can all increase the Smoking
risks of f res at work. Careless smoking, especially in bed, is a leading cause of fire in homes. In the
Philippines it is the fourth leading cause of fire.
Incendiarism
It pertains to the malicious burning of property, using certain chemicals, bombs, What to do incase of FIRE?
etc., and causing a fire start.
Open flames
