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A-level
CHEMISTRY
Paper 3

Wednesday 20 June 2018 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours

Materials For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• the Periodic Table/Data Booklet, provided as an insert (enclosed) Question Mark
• a ruler with millimetre measurements 1
• a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate. 2
3
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of the page. Section B
• Answer all questions.
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside TOTAL
the box around each page or on blank pages.
• All working must be shown.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be
marked.

Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 90.

Advice
• You are advised to spend about 70 minutes on Section A and 50 minutes on Section B.

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Section A

Answer all questions in this section.

0 1 Iodide ions are oxidised to iodine by hydrogen peroxide in acidic conditions.

H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2I–(aq) → I2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

The rate equation for this reaction can be written as

rate = k [H2O2]a [I–]b [H+]c

In an experiment to determine the order with respect to H+(aq), a reaction mixture is

made containing H+(aq) with a concentration of 0.500 mol dm–3

A large excess of both H2O2 and I– is used in this reaction mixture so that the rate
equation can be simplified to

rate = k1 [H+]c

0 1 . 1 Explain why the use of a large excess of H2O2 and I– means that the rate of reaction at
a fixed temperature depends only on the concentration of H+(aq).
[2 marks]

0 1 . 2 Samples of the reaction mixture are removed at timed intervals and titrated with alkali
to determine the concentration of H+(aq).

State and explain what must be done to each sample before it is titrated with alkali.
[2 marks]

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0 1 . 3 A graph of the results is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

Explain how the graph shows that the order with respect to H+(aq) is zero.
[2 marks]

0 1 . 4 Use the graph in Figure 1 to calculate the value of k1

Give the units of k1
[3 marks]

k1

Units

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0 1 . 5 A second reaction mixture is made at the same temperature. The initial

concentrations of H+(aq) and I–(aq) in this mixture are both 0.500 mol dm–3
There is a large excess of H2O2

In this reaction mixture, the rate depends only on the concentration of I–(aq).

The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Time / s 0 100 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

[H+] / mol dm–3 0.50 0.44 0.39 0.31 0.24 0.19 0.15 0.12

Plot these results on the grid in Figure 2. The first three points have been plotted.
[1 mark]

Figure 2

0 1 . 6 Draw a line of best fit on the grid in Figure 2.

[1 mark]

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0 1 . 7 Calculate the rate of reaction when [H+] = 0.35 mol dm–3

Show your working using a suitable construction on the graph in Figure 2.
[2 marks]

Rate mol dm–3 s–1

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0 1 . 8 A general equation for a reaction is shown.

A(aq) + B(aq) + C(aq) → D(aq) + E(aq)

In aqueous solution, A, B, C and D are all colourless but E is dark blue.

A reagent (X) is available that reacts rapidly with E. This means that, if a small
amount of X is included in the initial reaction mixture, it will react with any E produced
until all of the X has been used up.

Explain, giving brief experimental details, how you could use a series of experiments
to determine the order of this reaction with respect to A. In each experiment you
should obtain a measure of the initial rate of reaction.
[6 marks]

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0 2 The elements sodium to sulfur in Period 3 all react with oxygen to form oxides.

0 2 . 1 Give an equation and two observations made for the reaction that occurs when
sodium is heated in oxygen.
[2 marks]

Equation

Observation 1

Observation 2

0 2 . 2 Give an equation and one observation made for the reaction that occurs when
phosphorus is heated in oxygen.
[2 marks]

Equation

Observation

0 2 . 3 The melting points of the highest oxides of the elements sodium to sulfur are shown in
Table 2.

Table 2

Highest oxide of
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur
Melting
1548 3125 2345 1883 573 290
point / K

Explain the increase in melting point from sodium oxide to magnesium oxide.
[2 marks]

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0 2 . 4 Explain why the melting point of the oxide of silicon is much higher than that of the
highest oxide of phosphorus.
[3 marks]

0 2 . 5 A sample of the highest oxide of phosphorus was prepared in a laboratory.

Describe a method for determining the melting point of the sample.

State how the result obtained could be used to evaluate its purity.
[3 marks]

12

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0 3 Cyclohexene (boiling point = 83 °C) can be prepared by the dehydration of

cyclohexanol (boiling point = 161 °C) using concentrated phosphoric acid.

A student prepared cyclohexene by placing 10 cm3 of cyclohexanol

(density = 0.96 g cm–3) into a round-bottomed flask.
3 cm3 of concentrated phosphoric acid were then carefully added to the flask.
The student added a few anti-bumping granules and set up the apparatus shown in
Figure 3.

Figure 3

• The student heated the mixture and collected the liquid that distilled at
temperatures below 100 °C
• The distillate was poured into a separating funnel and washed by shaking with
sodium carbonate solution.
• Periodically, the separating funnel was inverted and the tap opened.
• The aqueous layer was discarded and the final organic product was dried
using anhydrous calcium chloride.
• After the product was dried, the drying agent was removed by filtration under
reduced pressure.

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0 3 . 1 The student collected 5.97 g of cyclohexene in the experiment.

Calculate the percentage yield of cyclohexene.

[3 marks]

Percentage yield %

0 3 . 2 Describe a test-tube reaction, on the product, to show that the cyclohexanol had been
dehydrated.
State what you would observe.
[2 marks]

0 3 . 3 Suggest why sodium carbonate solution was used to wash the distillate.
[1 mark]

0 3 . 4 Explain why it is important to open the tap of the separating funnel periodically.
[1 mark]

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0 3 . 5 Give a property of anhydrous calcium chloride, other than its ability to absorb water,
that makes it suitable as a drying agent in this preparation.
[1 mark]

0 3 . 6 Describe the apparatus used to remove the drying agent by filtration under reduced
pressure. Your description of the apparatus can be either a labelled diagram or a
description in words.
[2 marks]

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0 3 . 7 A sample of cyclohexene has been contaminated with cyclohexanol. The

cyclohexene can be separated from the cyclohexanol by column chromatography.
Silica gel is used as the stationary phase and hexane as the mobile phase.

Explain why cyclohexene has a shorter retention time than cyclohexanol.

[2 marks]

0 3 . 8 Explain how an infrared spectrum would confirm that the cyclohexene obtained from
the chromatography column did not contain any cyclohexanol.
[1 mark]

13

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0 4 A student carried out an experiment to find the temperature rise for a reaction
between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution.

• The student used a measuring cylinder to place 50 cm3 of 0.400 mol dm–3
hydrochloric acid into a glass beaker.
• The student recorded the temperature at one-minute intervals for
three minutes.
• At the fourth minute the student added 50 cm3 of 0.400 mol dm–3
sodium hydroxide solution and stirred to mix the solutions, but did not record
the temperature.
• The student recorded the temperature at one-minute intervals for a further
eight minutes.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Time / min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Temperature
19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 21.4 21.7 21.6 21.5 21.4 21.3 21.2 21.1
/ °C

0 4 . 1 Plot a graph of temperature against time on the grid opposite.

Use your graph to find the temperature rise, ∆T, at the fourth minute.
Show your working on the graph by drawing suitable lines of best fit.
[5 marks]

∆T °C

0 4 . 2 The uncertainty in each of the temperature readings from the thermometer used in
this experiment was ±0.1° C

Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the value for the temperature rise.
[1 mark]

Percentage uncertainty

0 4 . 3 Suggest a change to the experiment that would minimise heat loss.

[1 mark]

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0 4 . 4 Suggest and explain another change to the experiment that would decrease the
percentage uncertainty in the use of the same thermometer.
[2 marks]

0 4 . 5 A second student completed an experiment to determine the enthalpy of neutralisation

for the reaction between ethanedioic acid solution (HOOCCOOH) and potassium
hydroxide solution.

The student added 25 cm3 of 0.80 mol dm–3 ethanedioic acid solution to 75 cm3 of
0.60 mol dm–3 potassium hydroxide solution.
The temperature increased by 3.2 °C

Give an equation for the reaction between ethanedioic acid solution and potassium
hydroxide solution.
Calculate the enthalpy change (∆H) per mole of water formed in this reaction.
Assume that the specific heat capacity of the reaction mixture is 4.2 J K–1 g–1
Assume that the density of the reaction mixture is 1.00 g cm–3
[5 marks]

Equation

∆H kJ mol–1

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0 4 . 6 In a similar experiment to that in Question 04.5, the enthalpy of neutralisation for the
reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide solution was found to be
–57.0 kJ mol–1 per mole of water formed.

Suggest an explanation for the difference between this value and your answer to
Question 04.5.
(If you were unable to obtain an answer to Question 04.5 you should assume a value
of –28.5 kJ mol–1. This is not the correct answer.)
[2 marks]

16

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Section B

Answer all questions in this section.

Only one answer per question is allowed.

For each answer completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.

CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select
as shown.

You may do your working in the blank space around each question but this will not be marked.
Do not use additional sheets for this working.

0 5 Which can be both an empirical and molecular formula of a stable compound?

[1 mark]

A CH2O

B P4O10

C NH2

D CH3

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0 6 Which diagram shows the correct bonding and correct bond polarity in a molecule of
oxygen difluoride?
[1 mark]

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In the early twentieth century the apparatus shown in the diagram was used to investigate
atomic structure. When He2+ particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold, most of the
particles were detected at point P.

0 7 What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point P?
[1 mark]

A Gold atoms contain electrons.

B Gold atoms contain protons.

C Gold atoms contain neutrons.

D Gold atoms are mainly empty space.

When He2+ particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold, about 1 in 8000 of the particles were
detected at point Q.

0 8 What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point Q?
[1 mark]

A Gold atoms have a small, positive nucleus.

B Gold atoms have electrons in orbitals.

C Gold consists of ions in a sea of delocalised electrons.

D Gold atoms have more protons than He2+ particles.

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0 9 Which equation represents a termination step?

[1 mark]

1 0 Which statement is correct about the molecule shown?

[1 mark]

A It reacts with HBr in an electrophilic substitution reaction.

B It reacts with NaBH4 in a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction.

C It reacts with ethanolic KOH in an elimination reaction.

D It reacts with KCN in a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

1 1 Which statement is correct about both 2-methylbutan-1-ol and 2-methylbutan-2-ol?

[1 mark]

A They can be formed by alkaline hydrolysis of esters.

B They can be oxidised by reaction with acidified

potassium dichromate(VI).

C They can be formed by hydration of 2-methylbut-2-ene.

D They have four peaks in their 13C NMR spectra.

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1 2 Solutions of two compounds, W and X, react together in the presence of a soluble catalyst,
Y, as shown in the equation

2W + X → Z

When the concentrations of W, X and Y are all doubled, the rate of reaction increases by a
factor of four.

Which is a possible rate equation for this reaction?

[1 mark]

A rate = k [W]2 [X]

B rate = k [W]2 [Y]

C rate = k [X] [Y]

D rate = k [X] [Z]

1 3 A series of experiments was carried out to find the order of reaction with respect to
reactant X. In these experiments, only the concentration of X was changed.

Which graph would show that the reaction is second-order with respect to X?
[1 mark]

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1 4 Which equation represents the process that occurs when the standard enthalpy of
atomisation of iodine is measured?
[1 mark]

1
A 2 I2(s)  I(g)

B I2(s)  2I(g)

1
C I (g)  I(g)
2 2

D I2(g)  2I(g)

1 5 Which structure is formed by aspartic acid in solution at pH 12?

[1 mark]

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1 6 How many peaks are there in the 13C NMR spectrum of 1,4-dimethylbenzene?
[1 mark]

A 8

B 4

C 3

D 2

1 7 Which of these Period 3 elements has the highest melting point?

[1 mark]

A Aluminium

B Phosphorus

C Sodium

D Sulfur

1 8 Chlorine reacts with cold, dilute, aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Which is a complete list of the products?

[1 mark]

A Sodium chloride, sodium chlorate(I) and water

B Sodium chlorate(I) and water

C Sodium chloride, sodium chlorate(V) and water

D Sodium chloride and sodium chlorate(I)

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1 9 Which products are formed when magnesium reacts with steam?

[1 mark]

A Magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen

B Magnesium hydroxide and oxygen

C Magnesium oxide and hydrogen

D Magnesium oxide and oxygen

2 0 Which observation would confirm that ammonia gas is released when solid ammonium
chloride is warmed with solid calcium hydroxide?
[1 mark]

A Damp blue litmus paper turns red when touched onto the solid
mixture.

B Damp red litmus paper turns blue when touched onto the solid
mixture.

C Damp blue litmus paper turns red when held just above the solid
mixture.

D Damp red litmus paper turns blue when held just above the solid
mixture.

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2 1 The repeating unit of a polymer is shown.

Which monomer or pair of monomers could be used to make this polymer?

[1 mark]

A ClOC(CH2)4NH2 only

B ClOC(CH2)4COCl only

C ClOC(CH2)4COCl and H2N(CH2)6NH2

D ClOC(CH2)6COCl and H2N(CH2)4NH2

2 2 The structure of part of a polyester chain is shown.

Which statement correctly explains why plastics made from this polyester only soften at
high temperatures?
[1 mark]

A Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals’ forces exist between

polyester chains.

B Permanent dipole-dipole forces and van der Waals’ forces exist

between polyester chains.

C The carbon-carbon bonds in the chain are strong.

D The carbon-oxygen bonds in the chain are strong.

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2 3 The nitration of benzene uses a nitrating mixture of concentrated nitric acid and
concentrated sulfuric acid.

HNO3 + 2H2SO4  NO2+ + H3O+ + 2HSO4–

Which statement is correct?

[1 mark]

A HNO3 acts as a base.

B HNO3 acts as a catalyst.

C HNO3 acts as an electrophile.

D HNO3 acts as a reducing agent.

2 4 Aqueous solutions of ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine are prepared.

Each solution has the same concentration.

Which is the correct order for the pH values of these solutions?

[1 mark]

A ammonia > ethylamine > phenylamine

B ammonia > phenylamine > ethylamine

C ethylamine > ammonia > phenylamine

D ethylamine > phenylamine > ammonia

2 5 Which element forms an ionic oxide that reacts with strong alkalis?
[1 mark]

A Aluminium

B Magnesium

C Sodium

D Sulfur

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2 6 Which statement is correct about this reaction?

[Co(NH3)6]2+ + 3H2NCH2CH2NH2  [Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2+ + 6NH3

[1 mark]

A The co-ordination number of cobalt decreases.

B The enthalpy change is large and positive.

C The entropy change is large and positive.

D The shape of the complex changes from octahedral.

2 7 Which complex exists as optical isomers?

[1 mark]

A [Ag(NH3)2]+

B [Co(C2O4)3]4–

C [Cu(EDTA)]2–

D [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+

2 8 How many structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H10O react with Tollens’
reagent?
[1 mark]

A 3

B 4

C 5

D 6

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2 9 Which ion cannot catalyse the reaction between iodide (I–) and peroxodisulfate (S2O82–)?

Use the data below to help you answer this question.

[1 mark]

O
Half-equation E /V
2– – 2–
S2O8 + 2e  2SO4 +2.01
3+ – 2+
Co + e  Co +1.82
3+ – 2+
Fe + e  Fe +0.77
– –
I2 + 2e  2I +0.54
3+ – 2+
Cr + e  Cr –0.41

A Co2+

B Cr2+

C Fe2+

D Fe3+

3 0 Which species has a shape that is influenced by the presence of one or more lone pairs of
electrons around the central atom?
[1 mark]

A AlCl3

B ClF3

C IF6+

–
D PCl6

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3 1 Some 1.0 mol dm–3 solutions were mixed using equal volumes of each solution.

Which pair of solutions would give the greatest mass of solid?

[1 mark]

A Ba(OH)2 and MgCl2

B Ba(OH)2 and MgSO4

C Ba(OH)2 and NaCl

D Ba(OH)2 and Na2SO4

3 2 Which indicator should be used in a titration to find the concentration of a solution of

methylamine using 0.010 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid?
[1 mark]

A Thymol blue (pH range 1.2–2.8)

B Bromophenol blue (pH range 3.0–4.6)

C Phenol red (pH range 6.8–8.4)

D Phenolphthalein (pH range 8.3–10.0)

3 3 Lattice enthalpy values can be obtained from Born–Haber cycles and by calculations
based on a perfect ionic model.

Which compound shows the greatest percentage difference between these two values?
[1 mark]

A CsF

B CsI

C LiF

D LiI

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3 4 For this reaction at equilibrium, which combination of temperature and pressure would give
the greatest equilibrium yield of products?

W(g) + X(g) ⇌ 2Y(g) + Z(g) ∆H = +47 kJ mol–1

[1 mark]

A High pressure and high temperature

B High pressure and low temperature

C Low pressure and high temperature

D Low pressure and low temperature 30

END OF QUESTIONS

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