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Unit 4 Power System PPT 1 Lecture On Sag

This document provides an overview of catenary curves, which describe the shape assumed by a perfectly flexible wire hung uniformly between two supports. It defines key terms like sag, tension, and span used to describe catenary curves. The document then derives the mathematical equations that define the relationship between the sag of the wire and the horizontal distance along the span through principles of equilibrium. It approximates these equations and provides references for further information on power system analysis.

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Himanshu Awasthi
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215 views14 pages

Unit 4 Power System PPT 1 Lecture On Sag

This document provides an overview of catenary curves, which describe the shape assumed by a perfectly flexible wire hung uniformly between two supports. It defines key terms like sag, tension, and span used to describe catenary curves. The document then derives the mathematical equations that define the relationship between the sag of the wire and the horizontal distance along the span through principles of equilibrium. It approximates these equations and provides references for further information on power system analysis.

Uploaded by

Himanshu Awasthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ.

of Technology, Gorakhpur

POWER SYSTEM-1
Unit 04
Lecture 1 on
Catenary curve

Presented by :
Prof. K. G. Upadhyay
Dr. Prabhakar Tiwari
Electrical Engineering Department
Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology
Gorakhpur (UP State Govt. University)
Mr. Amit Verma
Research Scholar, MMMUT,
Gorakhpur

1
Outline
• Basics of catenary

2
Basics of catenary

• The transmission line conductors are supported on transmission line


towers. The supports are of the following types:
1. Steel poles.
2. Reinforced concrete poles.
3. Broad-base steel lattice structure towers.

• When a perfectly flexible wire of uniform weight is hung between the


two horizontal supports, it will form a catenary

3
Catenary curve
• Let the conductor be strung between the supports A and B shown in
below figure and l is the distance between the support, w the weight
per unit length of the wire, 𝑇0 the tension in the wire at the lowest point
H of the wire in kg and OX and OY are the axes drawn from the
originO.

4
Contd…
• The location of O is c units below the lowest point H such that 𝑇0 = wc
or c=𝑇0 /𝑤. ψ is the angle subtended by T with the horizontal axis.
Consider the equilibrium of the small length s of the wire up to point
P(x, y).Three forces are acting on this length of the wire
i. The horizontal tension 𝑇0 = wc
ii. The vertical weight ws.
iii. The tension T.

5
Contd…
• From Fig it is clear that,
• T cos 𝜓 = 𝑇0 = wc …………………(1)
• T sin 𝜓 = ws ………………………….(2)
• From equation (1) and (2)
𝑑𝑦 𝑤𝑠 𝑠
• Tan 𝜓 = = = ……..(3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑤𝑐 𝑐
• Now for a differential length,
• or ds= 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑦 2 ………………………(4)

6
Contd…
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑠
• = 1+ ( ) ……..(5) ; =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑐

𝑑𝑠 𝑠 2 𝑐 2 +𝑠2
• = 1+ 2 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑐 𝑐
𝑐𝑑𝑠
• Or, = 𝑑𝑥
𝑐 2 +𝑠2
• Let s = c sinh𝜃, ds = c cosh𝜃 d𝜃 ………..(6)
𝑐.𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝜃.𝑑𝜃
• =dx
𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝜃
• Or cd𝜃 = 𝑑𝑥

7
Contd…
• Or c𝜃 = 𝑥 +A
• Now for x = 0, s = 0, ∴ 𝜃 = 0.
• Substituting for x and 𝜃 in the equation above,
• 0=A
• c𝜃 = 𝑥
𝑥
• Or 𝜃 =
𝑐
• From equation (6)
−1 𝑠 𝑥
• sinh =
𝑐 𝑐
8
Contd…
𝑠 𝑥
• Or = sinh
𝑐 𝑐
𝑥
• S=c sinh ……..(7)
𝑐
• Now from equations (3) and (7), we have
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
• = sinh
𝑑𝑥 𝑐
𝑥
• dy=dx sinh
𝑐
𝑥
• y=c cosh + 𝐵………………….(8)
𝑐

9
Contd…
• From figure, x = 0, y = c
• Substituting this condition in equation (8) for evaluating B
• c=c+B
• B=0
𝑥
• y=c cosh ………………(9)
𝑐
• Equations (7) and (9) represent a catenary and they give the relationships between
the length of the wire measured from the lowest point H and the vertical height of
any point P(x, y) as measured above the origin O respectively in terms of the
distance x as measuredfrom O along OX

10
Contd…
• Expanding the terms sinh 𝑥/𝑐 and cosh 𝑥/𝑐 , the equation (7) and (9)
becomes
𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥5
• S=c + 3+ +⋯ (10)
𝑐 6𝑐 120𝑐 5
𝑥2 𝑥4
• y=c.1+ 2 + 4 + ⋯ (11)
2𝑐 24𝑐

• These expressions can be approximated by taking the first two terms


in case the span length is not large as compared with c.

11
Contd….
• After approximations the equations (10) and (11) can be rewritten as
𝑥3
• s=x+ 2 (12)
6𝑐
𝑥2
• y=c+ (13)
2𝑐

12
Bibliography

1. Electrical Power Systems By “C L WADHWA”.

2. Principles Of Power System By “V.K. MEHTA &ROHIT MEHTA”.

3. Elements Of Power System By “U.A. BAKSHI & M.V.BAKSHI”.

13
THANK YOU

14

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