Dala Modleling Ogh

the Enbry.
2elasna Hoda
O p i - 3

ADx9 Pangeni
DATE
TodroducdPan Codh
LolA Pe/afo
nS hPp Diag ram
(ER)
R Model s bas ed
on the Con cophual de
he
he
dadabase
g fs thoWPdoy used dalá modos des fgn oQl He
Hue
desan desetbes the desn ol Po tho
9tenms Of entrbey and Yela1fon shfp am ongdadab
a d a b a S e

ase
thom
nlempoyS fheo bag fc notalPons
Relahonship sels and A Eliboke sets.
Eotty 8e3,
Aoro
Once the enthy typeg, elaton
3h?p types ThePy
na
(Dr129ponding atTibu fas have been den 6 fed, the ned
Slep Ps graphicauy representhege Compo nenks

ER diagrao a Taphfcal to ol That

demonst7ahes the
eiatro nshis 3mong VauouS en be odaBabae
Used des iron overrau og/cal STucrore ol daBab2e
L1e d esTanngER
-
drag ra ms, The em phasis Ps on te
schema o d a base and no the nslanles

Surmbols OSed fn ER di 2gram

Ennhy Se
Reia5onFhip

DPccmnina6

Anoe
enh se
e a y o d 2llai bl Manytb may|
Ye/aiondhP

ulVaLued atiibu AGE elak

PAGE etaknthp

elAsSPre Prinmary key a t t n b o

Mary
DPal parhupa

A
 DATE

Tola eneratn

g e n e r a u iatu)
TsSpeeiau 2aho
TsA

O Concephoa dorinOSnyPh-Lea
one
Conchn va Data Nodols p daBabye dlhg

fouown9 9uTe 8ho wg a 9mp?ed avevvie ta

dotabag e dessn

he J &tep Ps oguiwements coileeton and aaySis

Here, the databal e degg ne-s ntervfe he db
OSes tD UndesB and cl ocoment thefr data
Yeguiremens D s algo Uset to Specit The known
oncoa) Yequiemens O the appi icab

Onco The Yegufemenls hae be Co11ected

y ana yzod
the ned 8Bep fs to Create a
Con
Copual gthem2or
ne daabaue } ?nctudeg
detaled descvipon
enbtpea, Yoiatonthps ttur
Qa8er to Undenfland can be useo
to Communiafaa
non teehoic a/ oses This malas
eag er o Ceade a
good Concepra
6Donng oT lbr the Con Coproal SChema des
(an bel used to
a, The bag
a moclo operoto
bser
Specitythe
quoriaegl operadong1derfeddn bitb-1eve
h -teve
clASSMAde
anayhGE
 DATE
slep in db de an Ps the
ohe
nea
aCwa
o d a l a b e USn9 7 Commercia! DONS mplementadon
Mos- Commet jal
DeNSS UsesaD
Prmplementa Non daBa rmo des 0 Ke
obeC-Yeladonaldb moolo So the
Ye 12ona
Con Ceptu
oonSto med hiah-leve) moda Ntohe 3Ch erma
om
[Link] 8tep s Caled 1ogrca rop omentaio
data degign 0 dala mod
hla9
ofThelag 8ep
Phusica desiqn phate, doi mapping
rs
whfch tne
oter oal tosage StTOCHUres,fie 0ani
zatons, fndexeg
Tndenes,
CnOR S
3C0083 Paths, Physfa) desjgn parameters of the
2 e Speeised n ParaL01, db
degiqned ipiéret ed
appi9casonpmgramg are
data ba Setrans z Cto ng.

(Afoi-uDod
Pegurement totrecho
and 2n ausYs
fonChonal Yequremen
Concepal Shema
fonth al anay his
Hhevel transachon
AHtnktperdens SPealS c@A
Zogfcar esn
b 2 modo mzppin)
APprPean
des ign
poaare
Physfea1 desgn
Uransachon Implemarvatn
Potevn a Scheme
APpTCZ5 pmsa

dat abee m

PAGE
elASSMAte
 DATE JLL
(9SU
DegTao
ER
Elemens ol ER Dagram

fn Yeai c o r i d D
DD Enbhy s a thing e n bty
Can be a

has Dhygical ei3tendce

An
Or a Concep,

even
pla Co fpe nSon, objelt databwe
he

dala Po tne
COhrch Storeg have a n 2H+be
mukt
Character?shC9 of enbhe Up
2nd ach enthy S mace
a Ongoe
that enth
Some aHty?bute which VepYegent
L O Anei fs PankwaY me ber en hAy hyp
J Contzins
hodony Ane Fnb Hee, opie
, name aye) hich
Inhom zha about Ankit.

ent&s in Yea ife So, huple J 1s an ens6

Eohy type DH s the Couection ent?ha bavirg

Common attopbute. 67, a Company employ ny hunde
Oerdpioyens ma twant Stove Smir o m a h
Con camnm ea Ch of The emp/oy h23 e em ploc
enthe hare the same atrfbote, buch eah enth
hay hs Own v awels) each 3 bute
note E &hdan Emht type
Enty se
R Rs Same 9 enty tye, bu
dened at a
DamtsCw lar Poînt me, Such a8 &odents
eDud n a Clas on ther day
CotomersEx:
cho bUrChag ed a4 monh CaMS COTYentry Yeseters e
Ciofd a, etc
104 E, S n
enh havng enbh pe n dnt
VJel b audss enty fe
dlasss Endit PAGE
 DATE D
Atboles

Aldrtb0fes re the
2re
moShy able Th 7re
Componends
thé OErhthiegg, rd
onlehy ype poDpe steg
he Yeprege nds he desc (hch deine
[Link] by eath Com po ment descopti ve popes
/mem ber
: udeh!name) kudeht. d DoB, Oan enh, sel
elC re the attributeo Aqe,
which dene enhh Addregs, tGbile, N
fe diagram, attbute Ps
rePregenles byoyytpe EAhden
an 0val.

Phod ont
[Link]

0 1Types o atb0teg
) AtomPe Vs Com
pos He atHr?bu!
An adhrPbote hat Cannotbe
dPUPdad Pnto
Smaln
Pndependent adtibote is Atomic attob
Name ge,Zeaaz re the 2 bote s o
Enhy dhudond, hich anns be divides,
An abute hat Can be divPdad nto S
mallem
hdlep endentati bote? Ps Compo8/e. 2
addrear
phone no C7n be urthem divided n HOUse ho
City, town mobie no, elephoe o. eE

P)Sfngte
vawed VS mulvalued
aHbufe
Hn dti bote haB has onty 6ng e vawe
tor 20
ebt S known ag &ngte v awe) ex: 29e ad
1 1S preended by onge oVal.
An adt bde having mohpl2 VRWe
clASSMAte é ; pon e no, email, ek
PAGE
Peip res erde by doobe oval,
 DATE
&ored ve deed adt9buh
An 2 but e that Canret be derfved tom ar
ano
atbude we noed to tore they Nawe
ovo
da abaye fs toied adtibule- En brth d'ae Canno
e dertved om ge of hudeny
An 2tttbute hat can be dorived om andthe
ddtbute -we do not need t&tre Theiv valug
fn The database
2edu to dynamt adve s demveed
4 fs doncel by oV al
doded
e: 2ge i's derved
otnn bith dale e huden

UOI vatued AHve

)hn 2tTbute, Cwhfob hag n0f
o aN e n t
oFte any vawe
fs Known 3
nul V ued dnb
e:tuden t s an enh phane na. Ts an
Thome may be Chante n ati be
a 3 Shudint Canl
Dhono number. have an

V) Ke 2 bote

Ap bo}e that
ensn 3knou
hag Umfque Vwe of e ach
K tt bule
hdanha unique eM,evemu
ya+Po ue. Here D no ?s 7

0 yS s Used to
[Link]
o Yow of data denn a lntL o
Useo o exabih
b hoabto y@lovd
idonbay Vei2h
Veiah ongh?p o
abieg n8hip behson
betseon
clAssMAte
PAGE
 DATE
Velao 12fo nshrp
Cep o TYpex, r) anonEhip
Con
and JConStafnds sels rooleg
leg

Relabons
hiputy pe
pes H Yelon shp type
he asS Oc/adon behueon eny Yepregen
type. Cor e1,
Cooled ih" Ys 3 YoiatonhiptuD that
exins
behueon entty type fhdent COUrse
Ps
Yepconled by diamond
reseBed by
Connechng nes in Ep diago
enle
&hd Couse

Delahon Ship sels A Set of re 1ahonghfps Of sambe

o tahon &hip se he
type fs Knoun 9 sollowily
relahon&hip set depfcds S Ps enYolied inC2 S2 s

embllen C 53 7S enmled in C3

S2

In anther way, he a9socia Nen beth two enthy jek is

A Yelaronehip set may a l h zve atPbuteg Calnd
desrfph've 24t?bule. E, nlled. m eja hon&hip
SeDethw n endy 3els &v dens coUse may have
2hT Ploute emp ieddalo
&hud enoiles n Coude

(Emole) dae

egree of PeiahonYhip- n a
Nomber 0f eny SetS tha Parhcpate
P can be
deamee 0f re/apathip.
eadonhiP Set Ps Calued
divlded PAGE
elasSMAte
 -0n0 toDon

N
Un2 eiaong [Link] o 0re tttJ
Bfran Relabont hip
one h man

2N-ay Pelatonhip

[Link] a r e eDnthip)
Onary Yelatonshp
alenare
ony one entt ret ParhcPp
One-D-oneoOne Pensn Amamfed tb One peren

Oe-O-many One 'e rmpioy22 ma manae u

Hanu -onetHay Aubiea Yead by One ders
ayo an Nany subectstaeght bmany teashe

SBnay Yelat on&hip.

henhere are two enk eg se paHierpa kng
Tn a r eA aen, he Yelanon hip caod tnA
: A &hdend eno Ited o
CoUMe.
d n t Cooxe are te enhel se
o
_en /1e S
reidog

N-2ry Yel ato nship.

hen here are

entPheg PasHOpanna Po
n
a
relaban, The reladon&hip Ps
Call
De 2 hen binaMy
ar More than 2
Yelaonthip ?@nemau the
en theg e t Cn n 72)
en hdont enmlee in
-an re honn
CO OYIe pojet
odon Uoltod
Couse

lpje

elasSMAte PAGE
 DATE

2ole
am8 Reuwas ?ve Pe)ahonthin.
ach enty tupe thad pamhcipat eg
Ye/ahonhp tupe piays Pá wlan role Po the
e l a
the oll names5pe cfpeg The role thal
b o n & h i y

3 patng entshy
parhcipatng 7mm h e enth
onsh ips Tn&tane, P
Tpe ezplajn
heps plass
eah

what the Yoladong hip meang. 3sd

T n Some Case he Same entfy Type

pahcip aHeg
Po moe Than ne retatronth ip type P difen ept
n SuCh Cale, he De h ame Ps
rol ne c0pg am for
Pghngoifhing the Me aning o aeh [Link] rjahonnip
oVe cws PVe relahon &hip
Cal/ed SeI
ypes a r e
retere eng relad
h onthips

0Congara fnis on CR MOdey 4rocra Contraih in Ea

Retakon shp sels im ER mode usua have

Cetain
Certain Con&t raYnBs thalPmft the Possible Combina
Tons o ent Phe tha may nvolve P the Coreoo rolny
Yelaton&hip set Jala be contenE MUst
content Confrm
Thele Ccn&hrams he mo4 fmpo an truchr2
Conptrain& inER 7ne

) Mappihg Cad i'naiiher

D
ambcipPant Contrain. o

apping Cardin a Ihe

The nombe Cbmeg 2n entty of an
en ty Set fn a 0/ahon&h ?P Sef s ce
ParhoPates
PAGE
elassmate Ype
 OnQ-to one C0hen eaoh e t y set Coun 2aTlp
parF
Ony on to Pm the relahons hp, The Camd ina)
S oneo-one S a mao

OneemaLe a nd vYce- Ves a

Ono -manny r o o ne
when etekeg fn one enti y Set can fak
Pa On
ly on ce
mThe Yelato ShP Set v eptrh'eg
OTher enth setCa0 favo pat more
Yea umPRhen C than on
ardi nairhy is 0-d-m
en:a vdon 4Can take ony OneCous2 but n e
Cooe Can be ta ken by manu &huden }sd
C2din auh w be man
h tol).
Stutlerasrare tan o O)e (oUge
hene Can be n
&tudants bufo no Sd thee ts

any to Hany CoUe

COh en entThes
al enthy Ses Can
more han once n avo pant
sthe Yeahon&hip, Card?nauy is
8hudent can axe more han one atn
Ono CouSe C2n be tan b Co Use
many Sadg
Yany o man relasm&aip

Portrcpaton Congtaints.
Darsefp aon Condrafnis
U OYOn'y Some enhy occou
an09
determine wh ethey
Pn a Yelaanh ?p. Thore are a ctpate
uOO
e
clAsSMALe
 DATE

Tota Panh°Cip
ipanon Con&traiht
Jeno eaCh (a) entiy in The enthy se mus4
panhcip afe
Pthe reabon&hi p 82
Each hudod
Coose, henp arrh° cipahon
dent twt be tolai T fe Shocw n by dooble Jine
fn ER dPagr am

f a l Paerpaton Con&traht

Here the entity n the en se! m a Or

Not DahelpaBe P h e relaso n&hpEx; D some Cousg

ane not emmlled by any he hudent then patkcipahn

aCoUrse w be Paha

oboth
(Aa rMe padA2 [Link]
HE
edan= C6OS

Age dbvea
Creal hr)

in D8NS
O Cyg
Soper ey
ocanddate koy
PPmam y
o CeTm pos7te Cy beor
For ean Cay
o Alexnate Key
CoTpou nd y
PAGE
elassmate.
 DATEL L N
ey
DEeren ce betweenPmany y foresgD

Forergn ke
PormaM oy
heups us On fquely 9 D+ s the fred P he he
folen t y vetord Po th tabse tha s he prrina
ab le Key of
another table

PPPhmany key neveY

vawe.

f7) We can
have7 Sing te ) e C a n hae mulhpie
LPimamy kuy Po the
abe

PomaM key fs a N) forefgn Key Cannor

CloRdemed fnd and autpma Hcalu Create an
dat a Po he DBMY 3re
Fndlex, Cudered Or non-
Dhysicay oTa anized
The S2g ven ce o ne ClusHeredHoweNe you Can
manuuy eade aN indoa
CluAered ?ndn on the oeim
ka

Concapt O weak eny tpe

parsat ky
Entntdy tpeg that doned have
Of the?Y OLon are Czlead key afHbot eg
eak
An endy ipe 8houd have a ey en+Pty tH P®
CwhPeh onfq uey idensha ealh ttye bote
et bt theneexius Some en+ Ph endy
entfty y p
tohfch y t bole Can't be
Cale ype
depnad These
clASSMAte
sdasPAGE
 DATE

The enti hy ses whrch do no have

îbUtestomm a Dmmary Key are S0cent
knOwn a3
weak enhy 3eis
And the en+ty
sels cwhrch have
Pofmary Ke re
Known as Stoorng enty ses
e 7 K entPe always has totai pancipah on
bot
eltong enity a y not have Toai ponhcipadion

Panha) KyThe se aatbUfes that are Used

to bn quely PdenT a 0es k enH Phy se- 3 cauLed
h e panhal ke aso enown ag arscPmnzr
T s paally Onfque Can be Combtn Rd twTth
OtbeY Srong9 enhty seto onfgueiydenfy the
pig
They ave epresentad b9 daghed i n e Fn ER diago
LeH'g b ko appoint ment z Cweak entty
bu?idin9 Z &Yong e n t type Now 1the apame
number Fs n0 lo baly Unfqe bUH PPs un ique
3 parh cola DoPIdng ThuS apatment nu
aParhal k
numbe

Buird bewn Apaotma

Addres
Here, aparnent cwezk enklh
dpantmenno. o parha)
Ky

elassmate PAGE T
 DATE I
DHerento botweon Srong eni set and
Qeak ent
ea

OtYonan SeF weak en s e

P Styong enb sel aw ays PT doeg not h ave eno

hal p ay k a bote to botid a P

f s Yrepve ted by ) DI s
a lepresenBed by
YeCtangle Sumob 1 doube Yell ang to Sumba.
ri Contaîns Pv ma y PO) Containg aParh a
Ve Ve Prrojented by ho Key twhich s
UndeiPne Symbot by 2 daghed
Vepesetes
ondlertPned s
u) he mambem ol a
entTA Set s CaUlLd8trong The Member ofa
dominant enhhy sef Lwe ak endh sef fs CaUG
Subomoiafe enh se
DPmay ono h weak
Cheeb endty Sel
heupe to
domh ts mambe Combro udon
Ptma ka
Paas
he Stmg enhiye key
VP

adon&hip betu ean wo v)ho VeI a hip betua

Srong emhy se fe fhown
0ne
SProng a weak
by a
oliamond symbo en set
doube amond
ViD he Connechng re of the Symbo
rong enh se o yf Tng
el aho nhp s
Th
ho Conoe hna Une
clASSMALte in
dute
Velaton&h? p se
PAGE
 DATE

o0 eam plas e ER didgram

.ontyod an E2 lragvam to 2 Ca-Yng Urante
uhose Cv omers Own on 0 more Cars ompry
eaCh. a ch
assoaBed
Cam hal cwthP zero t 2ny number of
Yetonrdcd accaos. Astome ztrrbeleg O ooY OUwm Inleen

model

Cureme dak

adldres Set
ASsola
fecahn2m

SaConsider 3 bus ckenng Sy8lem h a t records mqor maAon

abou+The passengr bus Znd route. Passener Ps2 p
3 bus travesto Youte. A bus Conlain many palengea
Can be 2ssncd Int only one bugNany
2 passenger
bus avelPn Same o l e bot a bus Ca tr2vei Pn
Can be 9enerakd n your Oc
The at bute
Onty One ote

Pasengeu ASsignas
/COToy

Lenere

2o0te

PAGS
elAssMAte an
 DATE ON
Dawng ER dagrams Using E2 notahons namng
ohventhongand esign s sueg
.dfa gram
Cragram helps to eplan the og rc a
Strueue Odatabase. Pncwdes Dany
many pei
3pej
Sumbe 2nd 9tS mean Pngs Maxe thig modey
On fqoe The Pupose
of EP di2gr a fe t
epresent
Hs tomPoneis o he endiny ramework PoraStru Ctuya
Enlehe
S2jation&hips
Ptlibue
ouowng ame he
SymbolS bsed in ra
ERdiagram
Sumbo
Nezmn
Ent
Weav entfty

Plaions hp.
Tdenbrong Yerzchonkhip

Mo dvaloed
ttnbu te
Panka Vy
elassmate dornived atHib u
PAGE
 DATE
-Total Pahopaton O F2 in
s2

t (7rdma1ity raho J : tor E

Imin m2
mn ma)
E taoCtur a ConstrainH(mh, rn2
bn P2d'pa
ha of E in R.

Namng Convend°ons

hep des Pgnmg a dalabate SChem7, The choPa al

namefo ens ypes dttribotes, reuahonshiptupes

and Yofs no a0aysStrahhtforw zrd
One&hooid Choose names 7ha onvey, 23 much 28

Onckibla The menin jS atha to the d/eren ConStrod

n he 8Cherma
we Ch0ose to Use singul7Y nam fe enbhy types,
y2herthan plUral onea, beravse The enhhytupe
nane pp eg t eath ndivrod ua ensty belging o that

enhy yPe
ER diagarns,we usethe Conventon tha enth Pe
laters, attrbo te
and rerahon Ship type namig Tre Upprcase
Yo1e bames re
Namos have n ial (eter CapiHzu'zed
JOweewe l e s 3

S e 0 Endy sel vs. A4hrlbo *) Dn r0 Yeal womd sitoaho

or 2

s drwt to selech The pS Perty a an aHmbofe

endse PAGE

elASSMAte
 DATE JL
0oce O Enh sek vs RolationshiP ses) Somek
Comen me,
me a
enddy s in relahon&h iPa
Can be beHer epragsed
DS9s not auuwus claar whatuume an P
bext CRpresed by an enbh Set or YeJzh'onkhip se

(SetO0 B'nary vS De lahonShi

n-ary YeiahonS hip sets): elabonShi
fh
databagesare often binamy Some relanonh (
that apper be Don-binany Coud alhwaly be beHe
Yeprelonte b /enra binamy rerahonkh ips

LONcOp O Ephanod ER (EER) MDdu:

Tho modu that CongPets zui Tha modUPng
Concopis of the ER-modd and inaddban nu
eonsfsts OThe Contopt Of subLQS S 0nd
nd he rolated ConCepis 6f speti auzzhsoportle
and
and
generai7aion s cauad enhanted E2 mod
dbo fnwdafhe ConCCpt O
ahegomy
Onfon type, Wh fCh fs used to Yepre jent
OT

6biede (entPhe)
Ps an imppmved or enh zn modll ef ER t
Comple appifc atio hande

feahune
- eaes more awr ate dOIgn To
ddabase echemae
Kehechs data Popeoes ConSHra ints ere precisey
nuwde auL m odoufng Con
oltDAeR h Con Copt Cf Cps Of ER mad
Used fo peaunatn qenerzizah
yepreta.C0llechon objeck le. oo fon d
e Oniam
ebjeats e dPferet entih tpes.
elAsSMAte
PAGE
 DATE
bc/a SSes and 8operc/agsey

on Class S an enihy type

Su pen C/ass
tha hag a reiabons hip
COh one 0 Mmore ob typ An
ePn database
etfhy cannot extst
daBabaye
merely by being merm ber of
Super
Class Lo eaMe shape SoperCl ass Ps any
SobgrOope a d ag
havPong
squ are, Ct/e
andYanate.
Subcla3s 9enerated D 9operclase It Ps a goup
OLentR res CPh nfque atrb0 le 8ub Class
h heriig Propeh'es and AHyibotes
from 9is Soperc ta
Ba 3qure, c e gFoian qe are the sUbe/aor ol
the Soper Clag s &hape
Sha pe SUpe C/aor
Speu 2//2atn
Grenemai2ahey

|oPapp 20
Co77r up 2ppmas

s9uare Civce//trang Subtlay

To berPHan@
I n heritan@ basfcany the poDc2ss o bo?idiny

Class On 7 efstig C/79S/he neew C ass Con ains

a t h e eatures and tuncHfonai Pheg of old C/ass Po
addihon Of ?ts Ccwn
he cias ch fch e neOIy C e ated
sknocwn a
he o r a ina ! Class rs
he subd as nd the
Claoc O The Supert/2s

lASSMAte PAGE
 DATE D
Oncop+ OSpe ciaifzatfon and generdiinahon

Spearf zaho fs top- down app

a

COhfch One hPa her eve entity Ca0 be boDKeN

do wn oo too ower lwel enhy
4 dee One O0 More 3ubC/2e t r The
Super a s and a90toTm fhe sO per Clag9s
SbbliaSS Yeu asons htp

7enerafz atone opposite Spe ciaTzabn

Ps a botto-top ap o2ch fn chrch
o we one) en-Ph2g 0re Co mbine to om a
haher on e enty. n generau2aKn
he
highe wel ent Can ULo Cormbine
OheY ower Ne enth@
a ke
highor ne ent
Totthe wO Td, 9eneratz ahon e the po cas s
OCorsbPomg the ubttass es to
orm a
Soperc
S p e aa u Z a k A

Perse

ErprDYL, Shudeny

Facwlhy Úyrolavate
alasSMAte
hden Tendengo0
PAGE
 DATE
D P e ren t conStra inis and Ch an acderts hrs
Spea ahon and eneralfzafion

76 model Yea Cwo TId more actwr a/euyJoy OSing ER

rag ramCwO2 neod o Keep certah CongtrdPn 's on P.
There ane Thr Consra fnis tha may zppiy to
Specat2akm /Penera tYzation' T 0

o Membershfp consfra ns
cond Phon desned membes hPp Consira in
USer defned membership Constraint

oDsoint Constranés
SDisfont ConStraint
onSira in t
OVer lapping

OCOmPClYencog loniraints
Tota Compleness Con&traint

Paha Comp@heness ConKtrainls

Hembers hfp Con1vrairts

Cond Phon depned mem bems hip Contraint n

Those entPHfes tha
1 we Can dalermmine exady
Delo me Membe «s Of ealh
Sobtlass by
Conditn, the subt/are 7re Caled Predl cate- desne
0 CondPhon dOkned membership [Link]
87 the emproyee enPy set has an atrbute Job-
fype spedfyhe CondPon of membe ehip in th
we can
Aon 0bhpese cretan
Sec0taY Subc1ase by 3 Cond
PAGE
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 DATE JL

Conetmain

0ger dekned
Membership

embenEhip , th
he
n o Condeloo delemminesdekned
user.
SObeia9s Ps Caltod
sdlotenmined by
Membemehip n a obt/ass
2n 0peraho
databaje USOYS by
applyine
add an enhh do the subltais
embeth?p Po the SUbllaas 19 specrred iv8

in the 6uper Cls b

Uauyore PaCh enhny

rsotnt Centraindt

DR%n Contrain
Tt specipes haB the subclass
mut be dfsfoPnt ofhe speciaui
Hee 2n endy Can be 2 mem ber
0ne ol The SubC7ageg oatmo
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YopreRated by fn EER diagra
d
SPmply, a0 enry Can be a
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bUise OF
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re disfofn

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SavPnq bUF TU boh

elASSMALe checkin inund
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 DATE OI
O Verlapping tonyraint
spees that the 8ubtlagres dre not [Link] el
be disoPo .he Same entity may be 7 member
more th 30 one Subclars a he specfafzahion tt Tr
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Perrs on bets
derson may be
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sdc
tropio re

OmPtenes ConStrains 3 ohna)

Tota partPcîpaten ConStraint

Spe hes tha! even entty m the Supec/axs mus4

De a member Some Sublia fo the Speciauizzhohl
gener aizatm Rs epvegented by dovbe ine in EER diasgmn

Paa! Partcipabon ConStraint

Spocite ThaB enbt, fo the Supercl2 may o
may et belong S0perC/208 y Shocwn 9n 6ER by

Single no nan BoR dorea

EHPoyEE

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Chapter
Th
Vbo8hong
alkod oom

of Ek dPagmam xpla
dragTam Cxp1a
hat aro the (omponenls
Used in E
v?ous Syrmbols
henChong o to tore
agv am. Conmf an ER diagram
Coucge. (Jo mar-
data h li'bramy you

p lain the use o patmamy Kyyrean k

DBNS wHh enamplo. hhat i's the
roregn ky 2026 Smarh)

h a Ps The difHerenco behwen Entfheg 2nd

nhhy Sets Epiain wHh enampe 20 F6

Con&roC ER dragram onifne book ore

an
CDhere Cotomers bu boox
ontine (209)
whal do You Maan by ER modo
weak enty se4 Eprain dtvony

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