Unit-1

Determinant And Matrices

❖ Determinant:-
➢ 2×2 Determinant:-
2 3 −3 5 1 −3 −6 5 sin θ cos θ
1) | | 2) | | 3) | | 4) | | 5) | |
1 5 1 −6 2 −4 −2 4 − cos θ sin θ
Find x
x 3 3 −8 2x 6 −3 3x
1) | |=0 2) | | =0 3) | | =0 4) | | =0
6 9 x −4 −4 −3 4 −4
➢ 3×3 Determinant:-
3 4 1 1 −4 2 1 2 1 3 −4 1 3 −2 0
1) |1 2 1| 2) |1 2 1| 3) |−1 −2 1| 4) |2 0 1| 5) |−1 2 2|
3 1 3 1 −2 −3 1 1 2 2 −1 3 2 −1 2
Find x
𝑥 4 1 3 1 1 −2 𝑥 3
1) |1 2 1| = 0 2) |−2 2𝑥 −1| = 0 3) | 1 2 1| = 0
3 −1 3 −1 4 3 −2 −1 3

❖ Matrix :-
➢ Order of Matrix :-
2 4
1) Order of [ ] is --------------
1 3
3 −4 5
2) Order of [ ] is --------------
3 2 2
1 0
3) Order of [ 3 4] is --------------
−3 6
2 4 3
4) Order of [0 6 −7] is --------------
7 5 3
 2
5) Order of [ 3 ] is --------------
−3
6) Order of [4 6 5] is --------------

➢ Types of Matrices :-
1) Null Matrix :-
0 0 0
0 0
For eg. [ ] , [0 0 0 ]
0 0
0 0 0
2) Identitity Matrix :-
1 0 0
1 0
For eg. [ ] [0 1 0 ]
0 1
0 0 1
3) Transpose of Matrix:-
Transposeof Matrix can be obtained by Interchanging Elements of Row and Column of given Matrix.
1 2 5 1 2 3
For eg 1) A = [2 1 0] then A’ = [2 1 4]
3 4 2 5 0 2
13 3
13 −4 5
2) B = [ ] then B’ = [−4 2]
3 2 2
5 2
2 4 2 −1
3) C = [ ] then C’= [ ]
−1 −3 4 −3
4) Scaler Multiplication :-
5 −3 10 −6
For eg. 1) A = [ ] then 2A = [ ]
−1 3 −2 6
 1 4 −5 −3 −12 15
2) B = [ ] then -3B = [ ]
1 3 −2 −3 −9 6
1 2 3 4 8 12
3) A = [− 2 1 −4] then 4A= [ −8 4 −16]
−3 0 1 −12 0 4
−1 3 −3 −5 15 −15
4) A = [−1 2 4 ] then 5A = [−5 10 20 ]
0 1 1 0 5 5

Method-1 Addition and Subtraction of Matrices :-

2 4 2 4
1) A = [ ] and B= [ ] then find i) A+B ii) 2A + 3B iii) 3A – 2B
−1 −3 −1 −3
−2 3 1 −5 2 4
2) A = [ ] ,B=[ ] and C = [ ] then find i) A + 2B - 3C ii) 2A – 3B + 4C
1 −4 −1 3 −2 5
−1 2 5 1 1 −1
3) A = [ 4 −1 2] and B = [−2 2 2 ] then find 4A – 3B
0 −2 1 2 1 4
−1 2 3 1 0 −1 1 1 −1
4) A = [ 1 −1 3] , B = [−3 1 2 ] and C = [−4 1 2 ] then find i) 4A – 3B + C ii) 2A + 3B - 4C iii) A – 2B – 3C
0 1 1 1 1 0 3 2 1
−2 3 1 −4 2 3
5) A = [ ] ,B=[ ] and C = [ ] then find Matrix X such that i) X + 3C = A -2B ii) 2A -B = X + 3C
1 −1 −1 −2 −2 4
−2 −2 −3 2 3 −1 1 1 1
6) A = [ 3 1 5 ] , B = [−3 4 −2] and C = [−4 1 2 ] then find Matrix X such that i) X + C = A + B ii) 2A -3B = X + C
2 1 1 −2 −1 0 −3 −2 −1
Method-2 :- Multiplication of Matrices:-
2 4 2 4
1) A = [ ] and B= [ ] then find AB and BA. Also check is AB = BA?
−1 −3 −1 −3
2 4 2 4
2) A = [ ] and B= [ ] then find AB and BA.
−1 −3 −1 −3
1 1
1 3 5
3) A = [ ] and B = [−2 2 ] then find AB and BA.
1 −3 2
1 −2
2 1
−1 2 0
4) A = [ ] and B = [−2 1 ] then find AB and BA.
1 −3 1
4 −1
2 3 4 2 2 −1
5) A = [1 2 1 ] , B = [−3 1 −2] then find AB and BA.
4 −1 −1 −2 1 0
3 2
6) A = [ ] then find A2 - 5A.
−1 −3
2 3
7) A = [ ] then find A2 - 3A+ 2I.
4 −1
1 1 4
8) A = [−1 −1 3 ] then find A2 - 4I.
2 2 −1
1 1 2
9) A = [1 2 1] then find A2 - 3A+ 4I.
2 1 1
−1 1 −1
10) A = [ 3 −1 3 ] then Prove that A2 = A
5 −5 5
1 2 2
11) A = [2 1 2] then Prove that A2 - 4A- 5I = 0
2 2 1
2 3 3 4
12) A = [ ] and B= [ ] then Prove that (AB)’ = B’A’
0 1 2 1
 1 3 −1 6
13) A = [ ] and B= [ ] then find A’B.
2 −4 3 3
Method :-3 Adjoint of Matrix :-
2 −3
1) A = [ ] then find adj A
4 1
3 −3
2) A = [ ] then find adj A
4 −5
−4 −3 −3
3) A = [ 1 0 1 ] then adj A = A.
4 4 3
1 1 2
4) A = [−1 −2 1 ] then find adj A.
−3 1 −1
1 1 3
5) A = [1 3 1] then find adj A
3 1 1

Method :-4 Inverse of Matrix :-

2 −3
1) A = [ ] then find A−1
2 −1
1 −3 −1 4
2) A = [ ] and B = [ ] then find (AB)−1
2 −3 3 −2
1 0 2 1
3) A = [ ] and B = [ ] then find (AB)−1
2 4 3 −3
1 −3 1 1
4) A = [ ] and B = [ ] then find (AB)−1
4 −4 −3 0
3 1 2
5) A = [2 −3 −1] then find A−1
1 2 1
1 2 1
6) A = [3 2 3] then find A−1
1 1 2
 2 2 1
7) A = [3 2 1] then find A−1
1 1 2
1 −2 0
8) A = [3 2 3] then find A−1
1 −1 2

Method :-5 Solution of Equations :-

1) 7x + 5y = 2 , 4x + 3y = 1
2) 2x – y = 4 , 3x + y = 1
3) 2x – 3y = -5, 3x + y = 9
4) 3x – 2y = 8 ,5x + 4y = 6
5) 2x +3y = 1 ,y – 4x = 2
6) 5x – 3y = 2 ,7x + y = 8