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DNA: Structure, Function, and Discovery
|. The Structure of DNA.
1. DNA is made up of repeating units called
2. 2. The sugar found in DNA is called
3, List the 4 possible nitrogen bases found in DNA in the boxes:
The different
sequences of these
nitrogen bases
makes di rent
codes for different
proteins/ amino
acids.
4, What is a codon (j.e., AAT, TCC, GGC)?
5. How does DNA serve as a genetic code? What does it code for?
6. Circle the appropriate word or phase found in the brackets to complete the sentence.
DNA is a (circle one) [double | single ] stranded molecule. It is connected at the nitrogen bases by [ionic |
hydrogen] bonds. The nitrogen bases are [ complementary | random] to each other. The two strands make
up the [ triple backbone | double helix |
7. Fill out the table below that best represents the complementary bases found in DNA nucleotides. Then
complete the model at right by writing the letter abbreviation of each complementary nitrogen base.
54 Thymine
Purines. nS X | Adenine A =>
ate) Guanine
c
8. The outer parts of the
i double helix make up |
‘| i the
backbone.
OC Blology Review © Biology Roots, LLC sas balay can DNA: Structure, Function, and Discovery
Il, The Function of DNA- DNA provides instructions for the traits of an organism.
9. Which part of the DNA specifically codes for traits?
10. DNA provides the instructions for the physical characteristics of living things. This may include blood
type (which is determined by proteins on the outside of red blood cells), eye color, bone structure, skin
color, etc. How does the DNA within cells determine an organisms traits? (Hint: proteins)
11. Fill in the boxes to put the following terms in the order that best explains the flow of physical
characteristics from DNA to proteins: amino acids, DNA, peptide chain, RNA
a - b+
12. How is it that some people have different DNA than others? What exactly about the
DNA is different?
IIL Discovery of DNA
Rosalind Franklin | 13. Franklin worked with Maurice Wilkins in the lab to help perfect X-
ray crystallography, where her famous photo, Photo 51, helped reveal
DNAS structure.
Maurice Wilkins 14. His X-ray diffraction studies helped reveal the helical nature of
DNA.
Erwin Chargaff 15. Discovered that DNA nucleotides was composed of 50% purines
and 50% pyrimidines, which lead to the -
rules.
James Watson and | 16. Used the works of other scientists to deduce that DNA’s shape was
Francis Crick a
FOC Biology Review © Biology Root, LLC suulialasyinats cass
