ANTHOLOGY

NOMBRE DEL ALUMNO: ANGEL GIOVANNI SILVA

RAMIREZ

NOMBRE DEL MAESTRO/A: DEY ELENA LUNA LOPEZ

MATERIA: INGLES V

ESPECIALIDAD: ELECTRONICA

GRADO: 5 GRUPO: H

FECHA: 07/DIC/2022
INDEX:

Regular verbs pag 3

Irregular verbs pag 4

Descriptive text pag 6

Perfect past pag 7

Second conditional pag 9

Third conditional pag 11

Report speech pag 13

Continuous perfect present pag 24

Passive voice pag 27

Perfect future pag 28

P á g i n a 2 | 29
Regular verbs

Regular verbs are those to which only –ed or –d has to be

added to the end of the infinitive form, or base form, to obtain
the past participle conjugation forms. For example, play is a
regular verb because its forms in preterite and past participle
are as follows:

Past tense of verb play: played

Past participle of the verb play: played.

Although this rule applies to all regular verbs, there are some
exceptions subject to certain aspects that you can know
below.

Examples:

Verbos regulares Verbos regulares Verbos regulares

cuya terminación cuya terminación cuya terminación
es /id/ es /d/ es /t/

Accepted Closed Cooked

Added Copied Danced

P á g i n a 3 | 29
 Adopted Enjoyed Dressed

Hated Followed Finished

Shouted Lived Forced

Started Mailed Helped

Visited Opened Practiced

Waited Phoned Stepped

Wanted Signed Talked

Wasted Studied Wished

Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs in English are verbs that have a particular form

in the past and the participle, which is different from regular
verbs where the only thing you have to add to form the simple
past and past participle is a -ed at the end.
In the case of irregular verbs, they do not follow that rule and
therefore must be learned by heart.

Verbs with similar endings in the past and the participle

These irregular verbs have endings in past and past participle:
P á g i n a 4 | 29
 Verb Base form Past Past participle
Read Read Read Read
Adjust Set Set Set
Cut Cut Cut Cut
Cost Cost Cost Cost
Hit Hit Hit Hit
Leave Let Let Let
Verb Base form Past Past participle
Shoot Shoot Shot Shot
Bring Bring Brought Brought
Trap Catch Caught Caught
Build Build Built Built
Feel Feel Felt Felt

Verbs with participle ending with -en

Another way to learn irregular verbs is to look at verbs whose
participles end with an –en. Examples:
Verb Base form Past Past participle
Shake Shake Shook Shaken
Speak Speak Spoke Spoken
Choose Choose Chose Chosen

Irregular verbs that do not change

Some verbs are very easy to memorize because all three
forms are the same, for example:
P á g i n a 5 | 29
Auxiliary verbs to be and to have
The auxiliary verbs to be and to have are also irregular,
since when conjugating them the rule of adding the ending -ed
in the past does not apply.
Base Past
Verb Past
form participle
Was /
B&B Be Been
Were
Have /
Have Have Had
Had

Descriptive text

A descriptive writing in English is that text that is focused on

describing, detailing processes, things or events. In this type
of writing, adjectives are used that allow you to specify and
specify each complement. For example, if you are going to
describe a person it is necessary to describe their personality
and physique (of course it all depends on the approach or the
requirements of the writing) and you can do it using adjectives
to specify colors, textures, shapes, emotions and
personalities.

An example of a descriptive writing in English:

My sister Maria is the best!

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Maria is my youngest sister and she is so beautiful! She is tall
and slim. Her hair is like mine. It is long, brown and very curly.
She has blue, big eyes. Also, she is fair-skinned and freckly.
She is really pretty.

Her personality is very moody. One day she is very happy and
the next day sad. However, she is very friendly. She has a lot
of friends in her school. She loves to cook and to listen to
music. She always listens to classical music. She would like to
become a dancer one day. I love her!

Perfect past

This verb tense is widely used both in day-to-day

conversations and in academic publications and papers. So
its correct use will expand your possibilities of expression.

Past perfect: Structure and shapes

Discover how to make sentences in past perfect with the three

structures of this time in their affirmative, negative and
interrogative forms. You can also find explanatory boxes with
example sentences conjugating different verbs in all personal
pronouns.

Affirmative structure

Subject + auxiliary had + verb in past tense + complemen

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Negative structure

Subject + auxiliary had + not +verb in past tense +

complement

Interrogative structure

Auxiliary had + subject + verb in past tense + complement?

Examples :

1. My father had visited China several times, so that's

why he knows it so well (Mi papá ha visitado varias
veces China, por eso la conoce tan bien).

2. They had not understood the movie because they

had not read the comic (Ellos no entendieron la
película porque no han leído el cómic).

3. Had he finished his homework before he went to

play with his friends? (¿Él terminó su tarea antes de
irse a jugar con sus amigos?).

4. If we had gone by bicycle instead of by car, we

would have arrived before closing (Si nos
hubiéramos ido en bici en lugar de carro,
hubiéramos llegado antes del cierre).

P á g i n a 8 | 29
 5. If you had not studied hard, you would not have
passed the exam (Si tú no hubieras estudiado tanto,
no hubieras pasado el examen).

6. Had the teacher taught that lesson before the

test? (¿El maestro dio esa clase antes del examen?)

7. I had bought my house before I turned 30 (Yo

compré mi casa antes de tener 30 años).

8. My brothers had not agreed to the plan until my mum

got mad at them (Mis hermanos no se pusieron de
acuerdo en la agenda hasta que mi mamá se enojó
con ellos).

9. Had she learnt French just before her trip to

Paris? (¿Ella aprendió francés justo antes de su
viaje a París?)

10. Mary said she had already watched that

movie (Mary dijo que ella ya había visto esa
película).

Second conditional

The second conditional, or present conditional, talks about

things that could still happen, although the possibility of them
happening seems remote: I'd go if you came along (I would
go if you came with me).

P á g i n a 9 | 29
Structure:
If + sujeto + pasado simple + sujeto + would + infinitivo
(sin to)

We start with phrases that contain were. Be careful not to say

/güer/, but /uée/. Repeat these phrases aloud, or you'll be
wasting your time.

If I were a man, I would grow If I were a man, I'd grow a

a beard. beard.

If he were our boss, we If he were our boss, we'd

would call him sir. call him sir.

If we were warriors, we If we were warriors, we'd

would fight evil! fight evil!

Let's continue with the refusal. Wouldn't be pronounced

/uúdnt/, in a single voice beat and without any g sound.

You wouldn't be here if it

You wouldn't be here if it weren't for your parents.
weren't for your parents.

P á g i n a 10 | 29
He wouldn't like it if it She wouldn't like it if it
happened to her. happened to her.
They wouldn't if they didn't They wouldn't do it if they
enjoy it. didn't enjoy it.

And now let's go with the interrogative. Don't forget to invert

the would and the subject, which, if not, is not a question!

Would you mind if I took off

Would you mind if I took off my boots?
my boots?

Would (I) like (her) if she were Would she like me if she
my boss? were my boss?
Would (me) hurt your feelings Would I hurt your feelings
if I didn't come? if I didn't come?

Third conditional

The third conditional refers to past circumstances, so it talks

about how things would have been if some condition had
been met, or not. Let's look at it in more detail.

Structure:

P á g i n a 11 | 29
Afirmativa

If sujet had participio sujet would participio

o o have

I I ha know I woul gon

f d n, d e.
have

Negativa

If sujet hadn’t participio sujet wouldn’t participio

o o have

I I had kno I would gon

f n’t wn, n’t e.
have

Interrogativa

P á g i n a 12 | 29
Would sujeto have participi if sujeto had participio
o

W y h g i y h kn
ou o a o f o a ow
ld u v n u d n?
e e

Reported speech

Estilo indirecto o reported

speech (past simple)
The reported speech, or
indirect style, serves to tell
what someone has said
without using the exact
words spoken by that
person.

It is necessary to adapt
personal pronouns,
according to the person to
whom they refer and to
whom you are speaking. The
verb tense is also modified

P á g i n a 13 | 29
depending on its relationship
to the current moment, which
usually involves transferring
it to the past (for example,
from the simple present to
the simple past, as in the
previous sentence). And,
naturally, in the indirect style
an introduction is added ("He
said that...", "He asked if...")
to present what that person
said.

So how does the verb

change in reported
speech? In the following
tables you will find some
examples:

Estilo directo (present

simple)

I know what to do (Sé lo que She said she knew what to

hay que hacer). do (Dijo que sabía lo que
había que hacer).

I don’t know what to do (No She said she didn’t know

sé qué hay que hacer). what to do (Dijo que no

P á g i n a 14 | 29
 sabía lo que había que
hacer).

Do you know what to She asked if I knew what to

do? (¿Sabes lo que hay que do* (Preguntó si yo sabía lo
hacer?). que había que hacer).

Estilo directo (present Estilo indirecto o reported

continuous) speech (past continuous)

I’m working on it this He said he was working on it

week (Estoy trabajando en this week* (Dijo que estaba
ello esta semana). trabajando en ello esta
semana).

I’m not working on it this He said he wasn’t working

week (No estoy trabajando on it this week (Dijo que no
en ello esta semana). estaba trabajando en ello
esta semana).

Are you working on it this He asked if I was working on

week? (¿Estás trabajando it this week (Preguntó si yo
en ello esta semana?).

P á g i n a 15 | 29
 estaba trabajando en ello
esta semana).

Estilo directo (present Estilo indirecto o reported

perfect) speech (past perfect)

I’ve finished my lunch (He She said she had finished

terminado de comer). her lunch (Dijo que había
terminado de comer).

I haven’t finished my She said she hadn’t finished

lunch (No he terminado de her lunch (Dijo que no había
comer). terminado de comer).

Have you finished your She asked if I had finished

lunch? (¿Has terminado de my lunch (Preguntó si yo
comer?). había terminado de comer).

Estilo directo(present Estilo indirecto o reported

perfect continuous) speech (past perfect
continuous)

P á g i n a 16 | 29
I’ve been listening to the He said he had been
news (He estado listening to the news (Dijo
escuchando las noticias). que había estado
escuchando las noticias).

I haven’t been listening to He said he hadn’t been

the news (No he estado listening to the news (Dijo
escuchando las noticias). que no había estado
escuchando las noticias).

Have you been listening to He asked if I had been

the news? (¿Has estado listening to the
escuchando las noticias?). news (Preguntó si yo había
estado escuchando las
noticias).

Estilo directo (will) Estilo indirecto o reported

speech (would)

I’ll finish the report on She said she would finish the
time (Terminaré el informe a report on time (Dijo que
tiempo). terminaría el informe a
tiempo).

P á g i n a 17 | 29
I won’t finish the report on She said she wouldn’t finish
time (No terminaré el informe the report on time (Dijo que
a tiempo). no terminaría el informe a
tiempo).

Will you finish the report on She asked if I would finish

time? (¿Terminarás el the report on time (Preguntó
informe a tiempo?). si yo terminaría el informe a
tiempo).

Estilo directo (past simple) Estilo indirecto o reported

speech (past perfect)

I did the training at the same She said she had done the
time as Carol (Hice el curso training at the same time as
de formación a la vez que Carol (Dijo que había hecho
Carol). el curso de formación a la
vez que Carol).

I didn’t do the training at the She said she hadn’t done the
same time as Carol (No hice training at the same time as
el curso de formación a la Carol (Dijo que no había
vez que Carol). hecho el curso de formación
a la vez que Carol).

P á g i n a 18 | 29
Did you do the training at the She asked if I had done the
same time as Carol (¿Hiciste training at the same time as
el curso de formación a la Carol (Preguntó si yo había
vez que Carol?). hecho el curso de formación
a la vez que Carol).

Estilo directo (past Estilo indirecto o reported

continuous) speech (past perfect
continuous)

I was staying at my He said he had been staying

sister’s (Yo estaba viviendo at his sister’s (Dijo que había
en casa de mi hermana). estado viviendo en casa de
su hermana).

I wasn’t staying at my He said he hadn’t been

sister’s (Yo no estaba staying at his sister’s (Dijo
viviendo en casa de mi que no había estado
hermana). viviendo en casa de su
hermana).

Were you staying at your He asked if I had been

sister’s? (¿Estabas viviendo staying at my
en casa de tu hermana?). sister’s (Preguntó si yo había
estado viviendo en casa de
mi hermana).

P á g i n a 19 | 29
Past perfect She said she would do it that
day* (Dijo que lo haría ese
If the original phrase is in día).
past perfect, the verb
tense does not change,
since we cannot go back in
time more than the past
perfect allows. In that case,
only the personal pronouns
vary:

I had already left when you

arrived.
I was already gone when you
arrived.
She said she had already left
when I arrived.
He said he was already gone
when I arrived.

Reference to different
temporal times and places

When the sentence we are

transferring to indirect style
alludes to a certain temporal
moment or a place, it may
also be necessary to change
the way of expressing them.
For example:

P á g i n a 20 | 29
I’ll do it today (Lo haré hoy).

I’ll do it this week (Lo He said he would do it that

haré esta semana). week (Dijo que lo haría esa
semana).

I’ll do it tomorrow (Lo She said she would do it the

haré mañana). next day.

O bien

She said she would do it the

following day (Dijo que lo
haría al día siguiente).

I’ll do it next week (Lo He said he would do it the

haré la semana que viene). next week

O bien

He said he would do it the

following week (Dijo que lo
haría la semana siguiente).

P á g i n a 21 | 29
 I did it yesterday (Lo She said she had done it the
hice ayer). day before (Dijo que lo
había hecho el día anterior).

I did it last week (Lo hice He said he had done it the

la semana pasada). previous week (Dijo que lo
había hecho la semana
anterior).

I’m not She said she wasn’t

available now (Ahora no available at the time (Dijo
estoy disponible). que no estaba disponible en
ese momento).

I’ve never He said he had never

been here before (Nunca he been there before (Dijo que
estado aquí). nunca había estado allí).

*Naturally, if in the sentence in indirect style the time or place

remains the same as in the original sentence (for example, if
in the first example it still remains the same day) these
changes do not have to be made.

I’ll do it today (Lo haré hoy).

She said she would do it today (Dijo que lo haría hoy).

P á g i n a 22 | 29
Modal verbs
Modal verbs can give some problem when it comes to taking
them to the past. In part this is because the "past tense form"
of many of them is often used to refer to the present in a more
polite way or to pose something hypothetical.

I will be a bit late (Llegaré un He said he would be a bit

poco tarde). late (Dijo que llegaría un
poco tarde).

I can help you with the She said she could help me
party (Puedo ayudarte con la with the party (Dijo
fiesta). que podría ayudarme con la
fiesta).

You must be at the station by He said I had to be at the

10:00 (Tienes que estar en station by 10:00 (Dijo que yo
la estación para las 10.00). tenía que estar en la
estación para las 10.00).

Shall we She asked if

leave? (¿Nos vamos?). they should leave (Preguntó
si se iban).

P á g i n a 23 | 29
 Would you like a He asked if I would like a
coffee? (¿Te apetece un coffee (Preguntó si
café?). me apetecería un café).

Could I leave early She asked if she could leave

today? (¿Puedo salir antes early today (Preguntó
hoy?). si podría salir antes hoy).

Should I call head She asked if she should call

office? (¿Debo / Debería head office (Preguntó
llamar a la oficina central?). si debería llamar a la oficina
central).

Continuous perfect present

The continuous perfect present is a composite time that

connects two distinct moments: in this case, the past and the
present. If you want to know more about perfect tenses, you
can read our posts about perfect times in English and
when and how to use the simple perfect present tense.
The present perfect continuous serves to refer to:

Unfinished actions, that is, they started in the past

and continue in the present moment:
P á g i n a 24 | 29
 I've been working here for three months now [I started
working in this position three months ago and continue
in it]).
Josh has been watching Netflix for three hours.
Actions that have been completed very recently
(and of which, probably, we can still observe some
trace):
Jenny is sweating because she's been running.
It's been raining - take a raincoat.
Aysha has been painting the living room [and for that
reason has paint stains on her shirt]).

Structure:

Subject have / has verb (-ing)

+ been

I have been listening to music all day.

She / he has been listening to music all day.

We / you have been listening to music all day.

/ they

Negative (I haven't been working here for a long time):

P á g i n a 25 | 29
 Subject haven't / verb (-ing)
hasn't +
been

I haven't working here long.

been

She / he hasn't working here long.

been

We / you haven't working here long.

/ they been

Interrogative (Have I been studying enough for the exam?):

Have / subject been + verb (-ing)?

has

Have I been studying enough for the

exam?

You she / he been studying enough for the

exam?

P á g i n a 26 | 29
 Have you / they / been studying enough for the
we exam?

Passive voice

What is passive voice?

Generally, in our day-to-day language we use the active voice
a lot, in which the subject is the one who performs the action.
However, very often we also use the passive voice without
realizing it, when the subject remains passive and emphasis is
placed on the person or object experiencing or receiving the
action.

When to use the passive voice?

We usually change sentences to passive voice in English
when we want to show interest in the person or thing that is
the object of an action and not in the person or thing that
performs this action. And we also use it when we don't know
or don't want to mention who performs an action. Continue
reading this article and we explain everything you need to
know about passive voice in English.

Structure:
Direct object + verb to be + past participle + by + subject

P á g i n a 27 | 29
Example:
Active Voice
1. William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet. (William
Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet.)
Passive voice
1. Romeo and Juliet was written by William
Shakespeare. (Romeo and Juliet was written by William
Shakespeare.)

Perfect future

Simple Perfect Future in English

This verb tense works for two cases in particular:

1. To express an action that we will finalize in the future, or

to indicate a situation that will be performed in the future.

2. To indicate an action or situation that will happen before

another action or done in the future.

Future perfect simple is formed by conjugating the auxiliary

verbs will and have with the past participle of the main verb,
in an affirmative, negative or interrogative way.

affirmative

P á g i n a 28 | 29
Subject + Will + have + past participle + complement
Negative
Subject + will not + have + past participle + complement
Interrogative
Will + subject + have + past participle + complement + ?

P á g i n a 29 | 29