Data Communication & Communication Network
Engr. Hamayun Khan
PhD. Electrical Engineering Scholar
Lecturer Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gomal University [Link]
Lecture 15
Anand Ba
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
HDLC was defined by ISO for use on both point-to-
point and multipoint data links.
It supports full-duplex communication
ITU modified HDLC for use in X.25 network
interface and called it Balanced Link Access
Protocol (LAPB)
Other similar protocols are
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) by IBM
Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure
(ADCCP) by ANSI
HDLC Overview
Broadly HDLC features are as follows:
Reliable protocol
selective repeat or go-back-N
Full-duplex communication
receive and transmit at the same time
Bit-oriented protocol
use bits to stuff flags occurring in data . i.e, it does NOT
recognize or interpret byte value
Flow control
adjust window size based on receiver capability
Uses physical layer clocking and synchronization
to send and receive frames
HDLC Overview
Defines three types of stations
Primary
Secondary
Combined
Defines three types of data transfer mode
Normal Response mode
Asynchronous Response mode
Asynchronous Balanced mode
Three types of frames
Unnumbered
information
Supervisory
HDLC Defines three types of
stations
STATIONS
PRIMARY SECONDARY COMBINED
STATION STATION STATION
HDLC
The three stations are :
Primary station
Has the responsibility of controlling the operation of
data flow .
Handles error recovery
Frames issued by the primary station are called commands.
Secondary station,
Operates under the control of the primary station.
Frames issued by a secondary station are called responses.
The primary station maintains a separate logical link with
each secondary station.
Combined station,
Acts as both as primary and secondary station.
HDLC Unbalanced Mode
Commands
Primary
Responses
Secondary Secondary
Balanced mode
Combined Combined
commands/Responses
HDLC Defines three types of data
transfer mode
DATA TRANSFER
MODES
NORMAL ASYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS
RESPONSE RESPONSE BALANCE MODE
MODE(NRM) MODE(ARM) (ABM)
HDLC
The three modes of data transfer operations are
Normal Response Mode (NRM)
Secondary station can send ONLY when the primary station instruct
it to do so
Two common configurations
- Point-to-Point link (one primary station and one secondary station)
- Multipoint link (the primary station maintain different sessions
with different secondary stations)
Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)
More independent secondary station
Can send data or control information without explicit permission to
do so (note that it is still can not send commands)
Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
Mainly used in point-to-point links, for communication
between combined stations
Either stations can send data, control information and commands
HDLC Defines three types of frames
HDLC
FRAMES
U-frame I-frame S-frame
HDLC frame structure
(a) Frame
Format
(b) Control
field
format
HDLC
Flag: 01111110- indicates start and ending of frames
FCS: 16-bit CRC using generating polynomial
16 12 5
G(x) = x + x + x + 1
Address field:
When a primary station is sending a frame, the address field
contains the receiver identity
If a secondary station is sending the frame, the address field
contains the sender identity
In some cases, it contains a group or broadcast address
In I-frames, N(s) is the sequence number of the frame being sent, and
N(r) is the sequence number of the frame being expected.
The P/F bit, known as the poll/final bit, is used with different meaning in different
contexts.
It is used to indicate polling, to indicate the final I-frame, etc
HDLC
There are three different classes of frames
used in
HDLC
Unnumbered frames, used in link setup and
disconnection, and hence do not contain ACK.
Information frames, which carry actual information.
Such frames can piggyback ACK in case of ABM
Supervisory frames, which are used for error and
flow control purposes and hence contain send and
receive sequence numbers
HDLC
There are four different supervisory frames
SS=00, Receiver Ready (RR), and N(R) ACKs all frames
received up to and including the one with sequence
number N(R) - 1
SS=10, Receiver Not Ready (RNR), and N(R) has the
same meaning as above
SS=01, Reject; all frames with sequence number N(R) or
higher are rejected, which in turns ACKs frames with
sequence number N(R) -1 or lower.
SS=11, Selective Reject; the receive rejects the frame with
sequence number N(R)
HDLC
The unnumbered frames can be grouped into
the following categories:
Mode-setting commands and responses
Recovery commends and responses
Miscellaneous commands and responses
Review of Link Layer
Services
Framing
Error control
Reliability
Connection management
Medium access control
Switching
Protocols
PPP
HDLC
ANY QUESTIONS……??
•Thank you……
12/21/2013
