Untitled
Untitled
For patient X
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION
DEPENDENT
- Administer pain -Analgesics help
medication as ordered relieve pain and
by the physician, discomfort, making it
including non-opioid easier for the patient
analgesics (e.g., to move and breathe.
acetaminophen, Pain management is
mefenamic acid) and crucial to the patient's
opioids (e.g., recovery and overall
morphine, fentanyl) as well-being.
appropriate.
For Patient Y
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE: SHORT TERM -Assess the patient's -Regular assessment SHORT TERM GOAL
Risk for Infection GOAL: incision site and of the incision site and MET:
Lymphocytes: 42 (20 - related to recent surrounding skin at surrounding skin is
40%) total After 30 minutes of least once a shift for necessary to detect After 30 minutes of
hysterectomy. nursing intervention signs of infection, any signs of infection nursing intervention
Decreased hematocrit and the client will be able such as redness, early and prevent the client was able to:
hemoglobin levels, to: swelling, warmth, and complications.
indicating possible blood drainage. - Verbalized
loss and decreased ability - Verbalized understanding
to fight infection with a lab understanding -Encourage the -Proper nutrition and related to
value of related to patient to maintain a hydration are proper hand
proper hand healthy diet and drink essential for wound hygiene and
Hematocrit: 0.34 (0.36 - hygiene and plenty of fluids to healing and immune incision care to
0.56) incision care to support healing and system function. prevent
prevent prevent infection. infection.
Hemoglobin: 112 (120-150 infection.
g/l) -Teach the patient and -Education on hand - Verbalized
- Verbalized their family about hygiene and incision understanding
understanding proper hand hygiene care can help prevent related to
related to and incision care to the spread of healthy eating
healthy eating prevent infection. infection. habits and rest
habits and rest to promote
to promote -Administer -Prophylactic healing
healing prophylactic antibiotics are -
antibiotics as ordered commonly used to
LONG TERM GOAL: by the physician to reduce the risk of LONG TERM GOAL
reduce the risk of infection after surgery. MET:
After 5 days of infection.
nursing intervention After 2 days of
the client will be able -Encourage the -Rest and avoiding nursing intervention
to: patient to rest and overexertion can the client was able to:
avoid overexertion to promote healing and
- Demonstrate promote healing and prevent complications. - Demonstrate
proper hand prevent infection. proper hand
hygiene and hygiene and
incision care to -Monitor the patient's -Regular monitoring of incision care to
prevent vital signs and vital signs and prevent
infection. laboratory values laboratory values can infection.
regularly to detect any detect any signs of
- Demonstrate signs of infection. infection early and - Demonstrate
healthy eating prompt appropriate healthy eating
habits and rest interventions. habits and rest
to promote to promote
healing -Collaborate with -Collaboration with healing
other healthcare team other healthcare team
- Continuous members to ensure members can ensure - Continuous
healing with appropriate and timely that the patient healing with
absence of interventions if receives appropriate absence of
infection infection is detected. care and interventions infection
if an infection is
detected.
>Mild to moderate -Mefenamic acid Significant: Na and -Hypersensitivity to -Should be taken with
GENERIC NAME: pain, Osteoarthritis, works by inhibiting fluid retention, mefenamic acid; food
Rheumatoid arthritis the activity of diarrhoea, new-onset history of
- Mefenamic Acid cyclooxygenase or worsening of hypersensitivity -Assessing the
Oral (COX) enzymes, hypertension, reaction (e.g. asthma, patient's medical
which are responsible hyperkalaemia; renal rhinitis, angioedema, history to ensure that
Adult: 500 mg tid. for producing papillary necrosis and urticaria) to aspirin or there are no
Alternatively, initiate at prostaglandins that other renal injury other NSAIDs. contraindications or
500 mg, followed by cause pain, (prolonged use); may Inflammatory bowel risk factors that could
250 mg 6 hourly as inflammation, and impair female fertility disease, history of impact the safe use of
necessary, usually not fever. By inhibiting (prolonged use); gastrointestinal mefenamic acid.
more than 1 week. COX enzymes, aseptic meningitis bleeding or
Use the lowest mefenamic acid (particularly in patients perforation related to -Checking the
effective dose for the reduces the with autoimmune previous NSAID patient's vital signs,
shortest possible production of these disorders), decreased therapy, active including blood
duration. prostaglandins, platelet adhesion and gastrointestinal pressure, heart rate,
leading to a reduction aggregation, anaemia. ulceration or bleeding, and temperature, to
Child: As oral susp: in pain and Rarely, potentially history of recurrent monitor for any
>6 months to <2 years inflammation. severe blood peptic ulcer disease changes or adverse
25 mg/kg daily in dyscrasias (e.g. or haemorrhage (≥2 effects.
divided doses or 50 agranulocytosis, distinct episodes of
mg 1-3 times daily; thrombocytopenia, proven ulceration or -Administering the
2-<5 years 100 mg aplastic anaemia). bleeding), severe correct dose of
1-3 times daily; 5-<9 heart failure. Use in mefenamic acid as
years 150 mg 1-3 Cardiac disorders: the setting of CABG prescribed by the
times daily; 9-<12 Cardiac failure, surgery. Severe renal healthcare provider
years 200 mg 1-3 palpitations. and hepatic and ensuring that the
times daily. As tab or impairment. medication is given at
cap: ≥12 years Same Ear and labyrinth Pregnancy (3rd the appropriate time
as adult dose. Use the disorders: Ear pain, trimester). intervals.
lowest effective dose vertigo, tinnitus.
for the shortest -Monitoring the patient
possible duration. Eye disorders: for any adverse
Max treatment Blurred vision, reactions to the
duration: 7 days reversible loss of medication, such as
(except in the colour vision, eye gastrointestinal
treatment of systemic irritation. bleeding, allergic
onset juvenile chronic reactions, or renal
arthritis). Treatment Gastrointestinal dysfunction.
recommendations disorders: Nausea,
may vary among vomiting, dyspepsia, -Providing patient
countries and constipation, education about the
individual products abdominal pain, proper use of
(refer to specific melaena, mefenamic acid,
product guidelines). haematemesis, including the potential
Elderly: Use the ulcerative stomatitis, side effects,
lowest effective dose exacerbation of precautions to take,
for the shortest Crohn's disease and and when to seek
possible duration. colitis, pancreatitis, medical attention.
steatorrhoea,
>Menorrhagia,Primary enterocolitis. -Documenting the
dysmenorrhoea administration of
General disorders mefenamic acid in the
Oral and administration patient's medical
site conditions: record, including the
Adult: 500 mg tid. Fatigue, malaise, dose, time, route of
Alternatively, initiate at pyrexia. administration, and
500 mg, followed by any adverse reactions
250 mg 6 hourly. Start Investigations: or interventions.
treatment at the onset Elevated LFTs.
of excessive bleeding -Communicating with
or menstrual pain. Metabolism and the healthcare
Use the lowest nutrition disorders: provider if there are
effective dose for the Glucose intolerance (in any concerns about
shortest possible diabetic patients), the patient's response
duration. hyponatraemia, to mefenamic acid or
anorexia. if any unexpected
>Fever adverse reactions
Nervous system occur.
Oral disorders: Headache,
dizziness, drowsiness,
Child: As oral susp: paraesthesia,
>6 months 25 mg/kg convulsions.
daily in divided doses. Psychiatric
Use the lowest disorders:
effective dose for the Depression, confusion,
shortest possible hallucinations,
duration. Max nervousness,
treatment duration: 7 insomnia.
days. Treatment
recommendations Renal and urinary
may vary among disorders: Dysuria,
countries and haematuria, cystitis.
individual products
(refer to specific Respiratory, thoracic
product guidelines). and mediastinal
disorders: Dyspnoea.
Skin and
subcutaneous tissue
disorders: Rash,
pruritus, urticaria,
photosensitivity
reaction, alopecia,
perspiration.
Vascular disorders:
Hypotension.
Potentially Fatal: CV
thrombotic events
(including MI and
stroke),
gastrointestinal
inflammation,
bleeding, ulceration, or
perforation;
bronchospasm (in
patients with
aspirin-sensitive
asthma). Rarely,
severe
anaphylactic-like
reactions, drug
reaction with
eosinophilia and
systemic symptoms
(DRESS) or multiorgan
hypersensitivity
reactions, exfoliative
dermatitis, toxic
epidermal necrolysis,
Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, severe
hepatic reactions (e.g.
fulminant hepatitis,
hepatic necrosis or
failure).
Central Nervous
System: Ferrous
sulfate may cause
headache and
dizziness in some
patients. Patients
should be advised to
report any unusual or
persistent symptoms.
- To treat
uncomplicated
UTI caused by
E. coli or
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
TABLETS (CEFTIN)
>Adult:
250 mg every 12 hr
for 7 to 10 days.
- To treat
uncomplicated
gonorrhea
caused by
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae
TABLETS (CEFTIN)
>Adults:
1 g as a single dose.
I.M. INJECTION
(ZINACEF)
>Adults:
1.5 g as a single dose
divided equally and
injected into two
different sites; given
with oral probenecid 1
g.
- To treat
disseminated
gonococcal
infection and
uncomplicated
pneumonia
caused by N.
gonorrhoeae
- To treat bone
and joint
infections
caused by S.
aureus
Maximum: Adult
dose.
- To treat
bacterial
meningitis
caused by H.
influenzae,
Neisseria
meningtidis. S.
aureus, or S.
pneumoniae
- To treat
moderate
infections
other than
those listed
above
>Adults:
750 mg every 8 hr for
5 to 10 days. I.V.
injection given over at
least 3 to 5 min; I.V.
infusion given
intermittently over 15
to 60 min or as a
continuous infusion.
I.V. INFUSION OR
INJECTION
(ZINACEF)
- To treat severe
or complicated
infections
other than
those listed
above
I.V. INFUSION OR
INJECTION
(ZINACEF)
>Adults:
1.5 g every 8 hr. I.V.
injection given over at
least 3 to 5 min; I.V.
infusion given
intermittently over 15
to 60 min or as a
continuous infusion.
- To treat
life-threatening
infections
other than
those listed
above
I.V. INFUSION OR
INJECTION
(ZINACEF)
>Adults:
1.5 g every 6 hr. I.V.
injection given over at
least 3 to 5 min; I.V.
infusion given
intermittently over 15
to 60 min or as a
continuous infusion.
- To provide
perioperative
prophylaxis
I.V. INJECTION
(ZINACEF)
>Adults:
1.5 g, given over at
least 3 to 5 min, 30 to
60 min before surgery
(at induction of
anesthesia for
open-heart surgery),
and then 0.75 g, given
over at least 3 to 5
min, every 8 hr for
prolonged procedures
(1.5 g, given over at
least 3 to 5 min, every
12 hr for total of 6 g
with open-heart
surgery).
DOSAGE
ADJUSTMENT
Parenteral dosage
reduced to 0.75 g
every 12 hr if
creatinine clearance is
10 to 20 ml/min or to
0.75 g every 24 hr if
creatinine clearance
less than 10 ml/min.