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Tutorial Sheet 3

This document discusses several problems involving fluid flow. It begins by describing a problem where a constant shear stress is suddenly applied to a fluid at rest, deriving the governing partial differential equation and boundary/initial conditions. It then discusses creeping flow around a spherical bubble, deriving the boundary condition and velocity/pressure solutions. Next, it examines using the vorticity equation to solve problems involving flow bounded by walls or around a sphere, finding velocity and pressure distributions. Finally, it discusses verifying solutions to unsteady flow problems by checking they satisfy governing equations, initial conditions, and boundary conditions, noting an example solution that does not satisfy the initial condition.

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390 views2 pages

Tutorial Sheet 3

This document discusses several problems involving fluid flow. It begins by describing a problem where a constant shear stress is suddenly applied to a fluid at rest, deriving the governing partial differential equation and boundary/initial conditions. It then discusses creeping flow around a spherical bubble, deriving the boundary condition and velocity/pressure solutions. Next, it examines using the vorticity equation to solve problems involving flow bounded by walls or around a sphere, finding velocity and pressure distributions. Finally, it discusses verifying solutions to unsteady flow problems by checking they satisfy governing equations, initial conditions, and boundary conditions, noting an example solution that does not satisfy the initial condition.

Uploaded by

Ysgn Mysgn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial Sheet 3 4B.1 Flow of a fluid with a suddenly applied constant wall stress.

In the system studied in Example 4.1-1, let the fluid be at rest before t = 0. At time t = 0 a constant force is applied to the fluid at the wall in the positive x direction, so that the shear stress xy takes on a new constant value 0 at y = 0 for t > 0. (a) Differentiate Eq. 4.1-1 with respect to y and multiply by - to obtain a partial differential equation for yx(y,t). (b) Write the boundary and initial conditions for this equation. (c) Solve using the method in Example 4.1-1 to obtain yx y = 1 erf 4t
0

(d) Use the result in (c) to obtain the velocity profile. The following relation7 will be helpful 1 x 2 (1 erf u) du = e x(1 erf x) x 4B.3 Creeping flow around a spherical bubble. When a liquid flows around a gas bubble, circulation takes place within the bubble. This circulation lowers the interfacial shear stress, and, to a first approximation, we may assume that it is entirely eliminated. Repeat the development of Ex. 4.2-1 for such a gas bubble, assuming it is spherical. (a) Show that B.C. 2 of Ex. 4.2-1 is replaced by 1 2 B.C. 2: at r = R, 2 + 4 = 0 and that the problem set-up is otherwise the same. (b) Obtain the following velocity components: 1 = 1 2 (c) Next obtain the pressure distribution by using the equation of motion: 2 = 0 (d) Evaluate the total force of the fluid on the sphere to obtain 4 = 2 + 4 3 This result may be obtained by the method of Appendix 2.6 or by integrating the z-component of -[n ] over the sphere surface (n being the outwardly directed unit normal on the surface of the sphere). = 1

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4B.4 Use of the vorticity equation. (a) Work Problem 2B.3 using the y-component of the vorticity equation (Eq. 3D.2-1) and the following boundary conditions: at x = B, vz=0, = 0 and at x = 0, vz = vz,max. Show that this leads to 2 = , 1 Then obtain the pressure distribution from the z-component of the equation of motion. (b) Work Problem 3B.6(b) using the vorticity equation, with the following boundary conditions: at r = R, vz = 0 and at r= KR, vz = vo. In addition an integral condition is needed to state that there is no net flow in the z direction. Find the pressure distribution in the system. 4B.9 Checking solutions to unsteady flow problems. (a) Verify the solutions to the problems in Examples 4.1-1,2, and 3 by showing that they satisfy the partial differential equations, initial conditions, and boundary conditions. To show that Eq. 4.1-15 satisfies the differential equation, one has to know how to differentiate an integral using the Leibniz formula given in Appendix C.3. (b) In Example 4.1-3 the initial condition is not satisfied by Eq. 4.1-57. Why?

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