PMT

Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2019

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in

Physics (4PH1) Paper 1PR

 
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Summer 2019
Publications Code 4PH1_1PR_msc_20190822

All the material in this publication is copyright

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019

 
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General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in
exactly the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can
do rather than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme
not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the
mark scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of
credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application
of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) arrow originating at object A and directed towards 2
the star by eye;
arrow labelled gravitational (force); allow weight,
gravitational force, pull
or force of gravity
condone gravity

(ii) D - (a planet); 1

A is incorrect because comets have comets have elliptical orbits

B is incorrect because galaxies do not orbit anything
C is incorrect because moons orbit planets

(iii) A - (a comet); 1

B is incorrect because galaxies do not orbit anything

C is incorrect because moons orbit planets
D is incorrect because planets have circular orbits

(b) galaxy; allow named galaxy 1

e.g. Andromeda, Milky
Way
ignore universe
(c) spectral class B to have any temperature higher 2
than 5600 K;
spectral class M to have any temperature lower
than 5600 K;

(d) star becomes a red (super) giant; allow “supergiant” 3

(then) a supernova;
(leaving) a neutron star / black hole; allow pulsar

Max 2 for incorrect

order
 

Total for Question 1 = 10 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) reduce the kinetic energy of neutrons; allow ‘slow down’ 1
neutrons

(ii) to absorb (high energy) neutrons; allow absorb / reduce

strength of neutron
radiation
condone “stop neutrons
escaping”

use of (concrete / lead) shielding; allow “concrete walls”

(iii) idea that contamination is when a non-radioactive 2

object comes into contact with a radioactive
material;
idea that irradiation is when radiation is present;
Condone idea of
exposure for 1 mark if
no other mark scored
(b) (i) any two from: 2
MP1. creation of a (large) nucleus from small condone “fusing of two
nuclei; nuclei”
MP2. resulting in a loss of mass;
MP3. and the release of energy; accept reference to
E=mc2
condone “converted to
energy”

(ii) (in) star(s); allow named star e.g. 1

The Sun

(iii) any three from: 3

MP1. high temperature required;
MP2. to increase kinetic energy of nuclei; allow to make nuclei
move faster
allow particles or atoms
for this MP
MP3. high pressure required;
MP4. (because) nuclei need to be close enough to allow higher level
collide; answers in terms of
short range strong
nuclear force
MP5. (since) nuclei repel each other;

Total for Question 2 = 11 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (nuclei with) the same number of protons; allow same atomic 2
number / same element
(but) different number of neutrons; allow different nucleon
/ mass number /atomic
mass

(b) A (82); 1

B is incorrect because this is the number of neutrons

C is incorrect because this is the number of nucleons
D is incorrect because this is double the proton number + nucleon number

(c) (i) evidence of 3 half-lives; seen anywhere in 2

working
correct evaluation;

e.g.
240 ÷ 23 = 30
66 ÷ 3 = 22 (years)

(ii) correct atomic and mass numbers used for alpha seen anywhere in 2
particle; working
correct evaluation of number of beta particles;

e.g.
atomic number of alpha = 2, mass number = 4
(therefore) 2 beta decays (to get back to 82)

Total for Question 3 = 7 marks

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) by radiation / by (infrared) light; ignore “heat” 1
Allow EM waves/IR,
condone visible, UV,
sunlight

condone “light rays”

(ii) (average speed) increases; e.g. “faster” 1

(b) (i) Either 1

idea that water temperature is greater than the allow RA
outside temperature;

Or condone ‘heat’ or
‘sunlight’ for ‘light’ or
not receiving radiation / light from the Sun; ‘radiation’

(ii) any four from: ignore reference to 4

radiation
MP1. cover traps air; ignore ‘traps heat’

MP2. (trapped) air is a poor conductor / (good)

insulator;

MP3. plastic is a poor conductor / (good)

insulator;

MP4. conduction reduced; condone “conduction

stopped”

MP5. convection reduced / stopped;

MP6. less evaporation (from water surface); condone “no

evaporation”

Total for Question 4 = 7 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) diameter measured within range 3.5-4.0 cm; 2

evidence of finding a mean of the diameter;

(ii) substitution of radius into given formula; 2

evaluation of area within range 9.6-12.6 cm2; 1 mark max if diameter
used instead of radius

(b) (i) correct circuit symbols for both voltmeter and 3

ammeter;
ammeter connected in series;
voltmeter connected in parallel with putty cylinder; accept voltmeter
connected in parallel
with battery
allow voltmeter
connected in parallel
across putty and
ammeter

(c) (i) 42.6; allow 42.6168… 2

3 s.f. used; mark independently

(ii) suitable linear scale chosen (>50% of grid used); orientation needs to be 3
correct

axes labelled with quantities and units;

plotting correct to nearest half square; all points must be
correct
ignore plotting of final
point

(iii) line (curve) of best fit acceptable; allow ECF from plotting 1
i.e. smooth curve with
points evenly
distributed about it

 
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(d) voltage stays the same; 4

(because) each putty cylinder is connected in

parallel (with the cells);

total current doubles; allow current increases

(because) current in each putty cylinder stays the allow resistors in

same (as before) and these currents add together; parallel have lower
total resistance
allow correct use of
resistors in parallel
formula

Total for Question 5 = 17 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) density = mass / volume; allow rearrangements 1
and use of symbols e.g.
V = m / ρ or D = M/V

(ii) substitution OR rearrangement; 2

evaluation;

e.g.
V = m / ρ OR 2.3 = 19 / V
(V =) 8.3 (cm3) allow 8.26…

(b) (i) pressure difference = height x density x g; allow use of standard 1

symbols e.g.
p=hxρxg
reject ‘gravity’

(ii) substitution; accept use of g = 9.8(1) 2

m/s2

evaluation;

e.g.
(p =) 5.6 x 1000 x 10
(p =) 56 000 (Pa) -1 if POT error in
substitution

Use of 9.8 gives 54 880

Use of 9.81 gives 54 936
Both round to 55 000
 

Total for Question 6 = 6 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) measuring equipment: allow if clearly included 6
in diagram
MP1. ruler / tape measure;
MP2. stopclock / stopwatch; condone ‘timer’

accept use of light

gates if connected to
timing device e.g.
computer/datalogger

accept ‘camera’ if
subsequent method
describes ‘freeze-
frame’/timestamp
technique

variables:
MP3. surface material is the independent
variable;
MP4. (average) speed is the dependent variable; allow time as the
dependent variable
MP5. any one control variable from; allow ‘keep constant’
for ‘control variable’
 size / mass / material / area /weight of
block
 height/angle/gradient of ramp
 initial force given to block allow ‘push’ given to
block
allow initial speed or
velocity

 distance travelled down the ramp allow same starting

point and finishing point

determining average speed:

MP6. use of (average) speed = accept use of light gate
distance travelled / time if description includes
length of card/block
and time of transit

(b) (bar chart because) surface material is a {categoric condone surface 1

/ discontinuous / non-continuous} variable; material being a
discrete variable

Total for Question 7 =7 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) (i) D – (weight and air resistance are equal); 1
A, B and C cannot be correct because accelerations,
forces and velocities are not the same SI quantities.

(ii) C – (2300 m); 1

A cannot be correct because each large square
represents 200 m and the area is larger than one
large square.
B cannot be correct because the area is larger than
6.5 large squares
D cannot be correct because the area is lower than
12.5 large squares
(b) any four from: allow “drag” for air 4
resistance throughout
MP1. air resistance increases (greatly) when allow “upwards force”
parachute is opened;
MP2. idea that air resistance is greater than the allow upwards force is
weight; bigger than downwards
force
MP3. (therefore) deceleration / upwards allow idea of upwards
acceleration; resultant force
ignore “velocity
decreases”
MP4. idea that air resistance decreases with
speed;
MP5. resultant force (eventually) becomes zero; allow “forces are
balanced again”
allow air resistance =
weight
MP6. constant speed achieved allow idea that there is
no acceleration

(c) D – (thermal store); 1

A cannot be correct as there is no mechanism for
this transfer
B cannot be correct as the gravitational store is
decreasing
C cannot be correct as the jumper is at constant
velocity

Total for Question 8 = 7 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (i) light ray refracting and bending in the correct ignore any response in 3
direction; the air e.g. reflected
wavefronts or direction
of travel of reflected
ray

wavefronts in water drawn closer together by eye; allow wherever seen in

diagram
wavefronts drawn in water join up with wavefronts
in air;

(ii) wavelength decreases; 2

(because) wave speed decreases and frequency
remains constant;

(b) (i) normal drawn at right angles where light ray meets judge by eye 1
boundary;

(ii) 55°; allow range 54-56° 1

(iii) substitution into sin c = 1/n; 3

rearrangement;
evaluation; condone intermediate
rounding

e.g.
sin c = 1/1.6
(c =) sin-1 (1/1.6)
(c =) 39° allow 38.682…

(iv) (path shows) total internal reflection; allow TIR 3

(because) ray is travelling from high to low however expressed e.g.

refractive index; reduction of (optical)
density / increase in
speed from glass to air
(and) angle of incidence is greater than the critical
angle;

Total for Question 9 = 13 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) friction / air resistance / drag; 1

(ii) 1000 (N); 1

(b) (i) (resultant) force = mass × acceleration; allow rearrangements 1

and standard symbols
e.g. a = F/m

(ii) substitution AND rearrangement; 3

evaluation; -1 for POT error
unit; mark independently

e.g.
(a =) (-)14000 / 1900
(a =) (-)7.4 Condone 7.4, 7.36842…,
etc.

m/s2 accept m s-2

ignore N/kg

(iii) substitution into v2 = u2 + 2as; allow ecf from (b)(ii) 3

no mark for equation
alone as given
rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 if negative sign given
with answer

e.g.
0 = 182 + (2 x -7.4 x s)
(s =) 324 / (2 x 7.4)
(s =) 22 (m) allow answer in range
21.8-22.0 from rounding
differences
allow time to stop of
2.4... (s) for 1 mark

(iv) any two described factors from: ignore condition of 2

driver

MP1. increased mass (of van); allow weight for mass

MP2. increased speed (of van); allow KE for speed

MP3. idea of less friction on the road e.g. road

being wet / icy etc;

MP4. idea of worn vehicle parts e.g. tyres / brakes

etc.;

MP5. van travelling downhill;

 
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(c) -1 if POT error 4

calculation of new acceleration (5.6);

substitution into a = (v – u) / t; allow ecf from

acceleration value
allow use of previously
calculated acceleration
rearrangement;

evaluation;
award full marks for
momentum method i.e.
e.g. recall of F = (mv-mu)/t;
substitution;
rearrangement;
evaluation;
new acceleration = 5.6 (m/s2)
5.6 = 18 / t
(t =) 18/5.6
(t =) 3.2 (s) allow 3.214…
ignore negative
reject 25000/14000 x 18
(i.e. mass x 10 x
speed/force) which
gives 32.
Total for Question 10 = 15 marks 

 
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) all marks may be given 3
from diagram
MP1. method to show shape;
e.g.
use compass(es)
use of iron filings/powder

MP2. use of plotting compass to show direction;

MP3. a further method detail;

e.g.
move compass / multiple compasses in
different positions
idea of another line or lines added
sprinkle iron filings (on to card)
tap card (to distribute iron filings)

(b) (i) both arrows correctly pointing from north to south; reject if arrows 1
contradict

(ii) idea that field lines are closer together / further 2

apart;

(showing that) field strongest near the poles / allow “magnet” for
weaker away from the poles; “poles”

(c) any pair of readings read from the graph; 4

correct substitution into formula to find constant;

different pair of readings used correctly to find

constant;

statement that the results agree with the DOP

conclusion;
allow idea that the
constants are different
so the results do not
agree with the
conclusion
e.g.
when distance = 30mm, magnetic field strength =
2.3 mT
(2.3 x 302 =) 2070
(0.8 x 502 =) 2000
constants are approximately the same so results
agree with conclusion

Total for Question 11 = 10 marks 

 
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