RevMan5UserGuide

TableOfContents
WelcometoRevMan5 _________________________________________________________________ 1 Conventions __________________________________________________________________________ 2 'Review'versus'FullReview' 2 UsingMenus 2 Gettingstarted ________________________________________________________________________ What'snewinRevMan5 Startingareview Tutorial Contentguidance UsingRevMan ________________________________________________________________________ Undo Collapsingandexpandingsections Renumbering Keyboardshortcuts Support 3 3 3 3 4 5 7 7 7 7 8

Reviews _____________________________________________________________________________ 9 Reviewtypes 9 Interventionreviews 9 Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews 9 Methodologyreviews 10 Overviewsofreviews 10 Reviewproperties 10 Licenceforpublication 10 Review/Protocolinformation ___________________________________________________________ Title Authors Contactperson Groupauthors Dates What'snewandHistory ConversionofauthorinformationfromRevMan4format Maintext ___________________________________________________________________________ Headings Links Insertingsymbols Insertinganalysisresults Publishednotes Trackchanges Findandreplace Globalreplace Importingtext Tables ______________________________________________________________________________ Abouttables Tablesinmaintext Characteristicsofstudiestables Riskofbiastables 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 21 21 23 23 23 24 25

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TableOfContents Summaryoffindingstables Additionaltables Studiesandreferences ________________________________________________________________ Aboutstudiesandreferences OrganisingstudiesandReferences Importingreferences Editingreferences Primaryreference Dataandanalyses ____________________________________________________________________ Constructingacomparisontable Comparisonproperties Outcomeproperties Addingstudiestoananalysis Enteringdata Analysisgraphs Funnelplots Sensitivityanalysis Figures _____________________________________________________________________________ Aboutfigures FiguresgeneratedbyRevMan Riskofbiasfigures Addingafigurefromafile Orderingandrenumberingfigures Copyingafiguretotheclipboard Savingafigureasafile Deletingafigure Trimmingimages 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 31 31 32 32 34 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 38 39 39 40 40

Sourcesofsupport____________________________________________________________________ 41 Aboutsourcesofsupport 41 Feedback ___________________________________________________________________________ 42 Aboutfeedback 42 Reviewappendices ___________________________________________________________________ 43 ReviewAppendices 43 Notes ______________________________________________________________________________ Aboutnotes Internalnotes Footnotes Checkingandvalidatingreviews_________________________________________________________ Checkingspelling Validatingreviews Statusreport Countingwords Sharingandsubmittingreviews _________________________________________________________ UsingArchietomanagereviews VersionsinArchie Authoringandeditorialphase Workingwithcoauthors 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 47 48

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RevMan5UserGuide Submittingreviews Checkingout Checkingin Storingreviewslocally_________________________________________________________________ Savingversionsofreviewslocally Openingareview Savingareview Localbackups Printing_____________________________________________________________________________ Printingreviews Printpreview Printingsinglesections Pagesetup Preferences _________________________________________________________________________ Preferences Generalpreferences Filespreferences Interfacepreferences Spellcheckingoptions ConnectionPreferences Exporting ___________________________________________________________________________ Exportingtext Exportingreferences Exportingdata Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews ________________________________________________________ Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytables Dataandanalysesindiagnosticreviews Constructingdatatables Covariates Enteringdata Analysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews 48 48 49 51 51 51 52 52 53 53 53 54 54 55 55 55 55 56 57 57 59 59 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 63 64

Appendices__________________________________________________________________________ 68 Appendix1:ChangesfromRevMan4 68

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WelcometoRevMan5
ReviewManager(RevMan)isTheCochraneCollaborationssoftwareforpreparingandmaintainingCochrane reviews. RevManfacilitatespreparationofprotocolsandfullreviews,includingtext,characteristicsofstudies, comparisontables,[Link],andpresenttheresults graphically. Inadditiontoreviewsofstudiesoftheeffectsofhealthcareinterventions,youcanuseRevMantowrite reviewsofdiagnostictestaccuracystudies,[Link] userguidefocusesprimarilyonofCochraneInterventionreviews,withspecialsectionsforthefeaturesthatare specifictotheotherreviewtypes. EvenifyouarenotnewtoRevMan,theGettingstartedsectionisagoodplacetobegin. [Link] iscitedas:ReviewManager(RevMan)[Computerprogram].[Link]:TheNordicCochrane Centre,TheCochraneCollaboration,2008.

Conventions
Conventionsusedinthisuserguide. ThisuserguidecoversallfourtypesofCochranereview,butisfocusesprimarilyonCochraneIntervention [Link] totheotherreviewtypes.

'Review'versus'FullReview'
Inthisuserguide,wegenerallyusetheterm'review'todescribeaCochranereviewregardlessofitsstageor type,andthemorepreciseterms'Title','Protocol',and'FullReview'torefertospecificstagesofthereview.

UsingMenus
Menuactionswillbedescribedusingthe'>'[Link],"...useFile>Import>Textofreview"means thatyoushould: 1. ClickonFileonthemenubartoopentheFilemenu. 2. MovethepointertotheImportsectiontoexpanditssubsections. 3. ClickontheTextofReviewitem.

Contextorrightclickmenus
Wewillusetheterm'rightclickmenu'forwhatisalsoknownasa'contextmenu'.Mostcomputerswillbe equippedwithamousewithmultiplebuttons,andonthese,themenuwillbeactivatedbyclickingtheright [Link],youwillneedtouseakeyboardclickcombinationtoopenthe [Link],thecombinationisCtrlclick.

Gettingstarted
IfyouarenewtoRevMan,ortoversion5,youmightwishtobeginbyreadingthefollowingsectionsofthis userguide: Startingareviewhowtobeginworkingonanewreview. What'snewliststhemanychangessinceversion4ofRevMan. TutorialselfpacedtrainingthatteachesyouthebasicsofRevMan5.

What'snewinRevMan5
TherearemanychangesinRevMan5.IfyouareusedtoworkingwithRevMan4,werecommendthatyouread thefollowingsections: UsingRevMannewinterface. Maintextnewstructureandnewoptions. RiskofbiastablesandSummaryoffindingstablesnewtypesoftables. Figuresnewwaytogiveprominencetospecificanalysesinthepublishedreview. UsingArchietomanagereviewsnewwayofsavingversionsofreviewsandexchangingthemwith others.

Forafulllistofchanges,seeAppendix1:ChangesfromRevMan4.

Startingareview
IfyouwishtouseRevManforaCochranereview,youmustbasethereviewonadesignatedtemplate [Link],youcanalsocreatereviewswithinRevManforpurposesother thanpublicationinTheCochraneLibrary.

Gettingareviewtemplate
WhenyourReviewGrouphaspreparedthetemplate,theywilleither: sendyouthefile,or letyouknowthatitisreadyforcheckoutfromArchie.

Creatinganewreview
[Link]. Warning:IfyoucreateareviewwithinRevManinsteadofusingatemplatefromyourReviewGroup,itmight notbepossibletomakethisintoaCochranereviewforpublicationinTheCochraneLibrarywithoutsubstantial latereditingonyourparttotransferthecontentsofyourfileintoanofficialtemplate.

Tutorial
TheRevMantutorialprovidesanintroductiontotheprocessofwritingaCochranereviewoftheeffectsofa healthcareintervention. ThetutorialdoesnotprovidealltheinformationnecessarytowriteaCochranereview,anddoesnotaddress othertypesofCochranesystematicreviewssuchasreviewsofdiagnostictestaccuracystudies.

TOOPENTHETUTORIAL
1. ChooseHelp>Tutorial. ThisopensthetutorialdocumentPDFfile. 2. Followtheinstructionsinthetutorialdocument.

RevMan5UserGuide Note:toopenthetutorial,youmusthavesoftwareforviewingPDFfilesinstalledonyourcomputer,[Link] freeAdobeAcrobatReader,[Link]/products/acrobat/[Link].

Contentguidance
Thisuserguideisfocusedonhelpingyouusethesoftware,anddoesthereforenotprovideguidanceonreview [Link],see below. TheHelpmenualsoincludeslinkstothewebsitesfortheCochraneStyleResourceandtheOpenLearning Material. Ifyouneedfurtherassistance,pleasecontactyourCochraneReviewGroup.

Guidanceforinterventionreviews
TheCochraneHandbookforSystematicReviewsofInterventionsisincludedwithRevManasaHelpfile.

TOOPENTHEHANDBOOK
ChooseHelp>Handbook>InterventionReview. Manysectionsofreviewshavealsobeenlinkeddirectlywitharelevantsectioninthehandbook.

TOGETCONTEXTSPECIFICHANDBOOKHELP
Dooneofthefollowing: RightclicktheelementandchooseHandbook. InwindowsortabswithaHandbookbutton,clickHandbook.

RevManalsoincludesalinktothehandbookwebsite,whereyoumayfindinformationabouthandbook updates,anonlineversion(withnicerformattingthanispossibleintheHelpfileincludedwithRevMan),and informationonhowtoobtainPDFversionsofchaptersforeasierprinting.

TOVISITTHEHANDBOOKWEBSITE
ChooseHelp>HandbookontheInternet.

Guidancefordiagnosticreviews
Chapter4,'GuidetothecontentsofaCochranereviewandprotocol'oftheCochraneHandbookforDiagnostic TestAccuracyReviewsisincludedwithRevManashelpfile.

TOOPENTHEDIAGNOSTICHANDBOOK
ChooseHelp>Handbook>DiagnosticTestAccuracyReview. Formoreinformationonthehandbookfordiagnosticreviews,seetheCochraneDiagnosticTestAccuracy WorkingGroupwebsiteat[Link]

Guidanceformethodologyreviewsandoverviews
Thehandbookforinterventionreviewshassectionsdedicatedtoeachofthesetworeviewtypes.

UsingRevMan
RevManworksonmultipleoperatingsystems(MSWindows,MacOSandLinux)becauseithasbeendeveloped [Link] developedspecificallyforyouroperatingsystem. Youcanchoosebetweenvarioussetsof'lookandfeel'[Link] system(seeInterfacepreferences).Inthisuserguide,wewillusetheMetallookandfeelforallexamples.

Overview
AtthetopofRevMan'[Link] displayedinitsownwindow,whichconsistsofanoutlinepaneontheleftandthecontentpaneontheright.

Panes PanesareusedinseveralplacesinRevMan,[Link].

[Link] [Link],whichcanbeusedtocollapseone ofthepanes,orrestoreacollapsedpane.

Menus,toolbarsandkeyboardshortcuts
[Link] frequentlyusedfunctionsarealsoavailablefromthemaintoolbar. Theoutlinepanehasitsowntoolbarforfunctionsrelatedtotheoutlineelements,thatis,functionsthatonly applyforaspecificreviewsectionorelement,[Link] theelement'srightclickmenu. Somefunctionshavekeyboardshortcuts,[Link] shortcutsforafulllistofallshortcuts.

RevMan5UserGuide [Link] containsthosefunctionsthatareuniquetothatelementtype,orcommonlyusedforit. Examples: SavingareviewThisisabuttononthetoolbar,isavailablefromtheFilemenu:File>Save,andhas thekeyboardshortcutCtrlS. ImportingtextThisisusedlessfrequentlyandisonlyavailablefromtheFilemenu:File>Import> TextofReview. MergingcellsThisfunctioncanonlybeusedfortablecells,soitisavailablefromtheTablemenuand therightclickmenufortables.

Usingtheoutline
Theoutlineservesthreefunctions: Youcanuseittonavigatearoundthereview,eitherbymovingtoaparticularsectionintheTextof Review,orbyopeningthepropertiesofanelementinanewtab(seebelow).Asingleclickonan outlineelementmovestheviewinthecontentpanetothatsection,whileadoubleclickopensthe element'stab(ifthatelementopensinaseparatetab). [Link],seeOrganisingstudies. Foreachsectionofareview,itcandisplaythevalidationstatus(seeValidatingreviews);whetherit hasanote;and,forProtocols,whetherthesectionispublished.

Tabs
Whenyouopenareview,thecontentpaneonlycontainstheTextofReviewtab,wheremostofareviewis [Link],suchasreferences,[Link],anew tabisaddedtothecontentpane. [Link],clickthe'X'[Link] wishtocloseallopentabs,exceptfortheTextofReviewtab,useWindow>CloseAllTabs. Tip:[Link] intoatabbyminimisingit.

Protectedtext
Blueisusedfortextthatyoucannotdirectlymodify,suchasfixedHeadings.

Saving
[Link] menubaratanytime,[Link]. Tip:Youdonothavetosaveyourworkmanuallyallthetime,becauseRevManautomaticallysavesabackup [Link].

Closingreviews
YoucancloseareviewbycheckingitbackintoArchie,orbysimplyclosingthemainreviewwindow. Whenyoucloseareviewbyclosingthemainwindow,RevMancanofferanumberofoptions: ForareviewcheckedoutfromArchie,andnotsavedlocallyafterthecheckout: Ifchangeshavebeenmade,RevManoffersanoptiontocheckthereviewbackin. Ifnochangeshavebeenmade,RevManoffersanoptionforundoingthecheckout.

Forareviewthathasbeensavedlocally(whichmayhavebeencheckedoutbeforeitwassaved): Ifchangeshavebeenmadesincesaving,RevManoffersanoptiontosavethereview. Ifnochangeshavebeenmade,thereviewisclosed.

UsingRevMan Inalltheoptionslistedabove,youcanalwaysclickCanceltoreturntothereviewwithoutclosingit.

Undo
[Link] possibleundoactionsisdeterminedbytheUndoHistorySizesetting,whichyoucanspecifyunderGeneral preferences.

TOUNDOANACTION
1. ClicktheUndobutton.

TOREDOANACTION
1. ClicktheRedobutton Tip:PausethepointerovertheUndoorRedobuttontoseeatooltipdescribingwhatwillhappenifclicked.

Collapsingandexpandingsections
ReviewsectionscanbecollapsedintheTextofReviewtabtoallowyoutoviewonlythosesectionsyoufind relevant.

TOCOLLAPSEOREXPANDASECTION
ClicktheCollapseorExpandSectioniconinfrontofthesectionheading. Tip:Toincludeallsubsections,ShiftclicktheCollapseorExpandicon. YoucanturnofftheabilitytocollapsesectionsunderInterfacepreferences.

Renumbering
[Link](inInterventionreviews),tests (inDiagnosticreviews)andfigures. Whenanumbereditemisdeleted,[Link] functiontocorrectthis.

TORENUMBERITEMS
1. Clicktheparentelementintheoutline. Forexample,torenumberoutcomes,clicktheparentcomparison. 2. ClickRenumber[element]ontheoutlinetoolbar.

Keyboardshortcuts
ThefollowingshortcutsareavailableintheWindowsversionofRevMan. Action Bold Clear CheckSpelling Copy Cut Find Shortcut CtrlB Delete F7 CtrlC CtrlX CtrlF

RevMan5UserGuide

FindandMarkLinks Handbook Help Italic New Open Paste Print Redo Refresh Replace Save Selectall Underline Undo

CtrlL F2 F1 CtrlI CtrlN CtrlO CtrlV CtrlP CtrlShiftZ F5 CtrlR CtrlS CtrlA CtrlU CtrlZ

Support
[Link] methodology,seethesectiononContentguidance. IfyouneedhelpwithusingRevMan,butcannotfindtheanswerinthisuserguideorontheRevManwebsite, youcanaskyouCochraneReviewGroupforassistance. IfyouencounterapossiblebuginRevMan,orwishtosuggestandimprovements,youcansendthesedirectly tothedeveloperteam.

TOREPORTAPROBLEM
1. ChooseHelp>ReportaProblem. Thisopenstheonlineproblemreportingform. 2. Describetheproblemasclearlyaspossible. Ifthesupportteamcannotunderstandyourreport,[Link] thestepsthatleduptotheproblem,[Link] exactwordingofanyerrormessages. 3. Submittheform. Thesupportteamwillgetbacktoyouassoonaspossible,usuallywithin24hoursonweekdays.

TOSUGGESTANIMPROVEMENT
1. ChooseHelp>MakeaSuggestion. Thisopenstheonlinesuggestionform. 2. Fillinandsubmittheform. [Link]/revmanformoreinformation,suchastheFAQ(FrequetnlyAsked Questions). 8

Reviews
Reviewtypes
RevMan5canbeusedtoproduceallfourbasictypesofCochranereviews,namely: Interventionreviews Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Methodologyreviews Overviewsofreviews

Interventionreviews
ThisuserguidecoversallfourtypesofCochranereview,butiswrittenfromtheperspectiveofCochrane [Link] thatarespecifictotheotherreviewtypes.

Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews
Background:Systematicreviewsofdiagnostictestaccuracy
ThemainstepsofaCochranereviewofdiagnostictestaccuracystudiesarethesameasthemainstepsofa Cochranereviewoftheeffectsofinterventions: 1. Framingthequestionanddefinitionoftheobjectives 2. Searchandselectionofstudies 3. Qualityassessment 4. Dataextraction 5. Statisticalanalysis 6. Interpretationandpresentationofresults However,therearesomedifferencesbetweeninterventionanddiagnostictestaccuracyresearchthatimpose specialchallengestoeachofthesesixsteps: Manydifferentdesignsarelikelytohavebeenusedindiagnostictestaccuracystudies,mostlynonrandomized [Link],dominantdesign,suchastherandomizedtrialfortheeffectsof interventions,[Link] inelectronicbibliographicdatabases,suchasMEDLINE. Thequalityofthediagnostictestaccuracystudiesislikelytovaryverywidely,evenamongstudiesthathave [Link],althoughseveral researchershavestudiedtheserelationships(Lijmer,Rutjes).Studyqualityisalsodifficulttoassessbecauseof thegenerallypoorqualityofthereportingofstudymethods. Theoutcomesofdiagnostictestaccuracyresearchareverydependentonsettingandpatientpopulation. Sensitivity,specificity,likelihoodratiosandoddsratiosdependverymuchonthecharacteristicsofthepeople inwhomthetestisused,[Link]. Thereislikelytobesignificantheterogeneityacrossdiagnostictestaccuracystudies,withmanysourcesof heterogeneitybeinguniquetothistypeofresearch,notablytheroleofthepositivitythresholdandthe presenceofvariousbiases. Themethodologyforqualityassessment,metaanalysisandinvestigationofheterogeneityindiagnostictest accuracyareunderdevelopedcomparedtothemethodologyforinterventionresearch. Sensitivityanalysis

RevMan5UserGuide [Link] analysesneedalsotobedoneoutsideRevMan. SeealsoAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytables,Dataandanalysesindiagnosticreviews,Constructing datatables,Covariates,Enteringdata,Analysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews

Methodologyreviews
CochraneMethodologyreviewsbringtogetherthefindingsofstudiesrelevanttothemethodsofevaluating healthandsocialcare,[Link] reviewsisverysimilartothestructureofCochraneInterventionreviewsbut,becausethetargetofthe methodologicalinterventionislikelytobearesearchstudy(ratherthanaperson),someoftheheadingsand subheadingshavebeenchangedtoreflectthis.

Overviewsofreviews
ForinformationonthistypeofCochranereviews,pleaseseeChapter22oftheHandbook.

Reviewproperties
[Link],someofthesecan beeditedonlyinArchie.

TOOPENAREVIEW'SPROPERTIES
1. Rightclickthetopmostheadinginoutline,forexample"Interventionreview",andchooseProperties. ThePropertieswindowopens.

Generalproperties
TheReviewIDandDOIareidentifiersusedinArchieandTheCochraneLibrary. [Link]. TheVersionnumbershowstheversionnumberofthereviewinArchie. [Link] editedinRevMan. Statusshowsifthereviewisactive,withdrawnorinactive. [Link]. ThestagesVacantTitleandRegisteredTitleareusedinArchie,butnotinRevMan.

Keywords
[Link] use.

MeSHterms
[Link] use.

Licenceforpublication
AuthorsofCochranereviewsarerequiredtoassignanexclusivelicencetoTheCochraneCollaborationto [Link] thatisgeneratedfromRevMan,basedoninformationfromthereview. YourReviewGroupwillinformyouwhenyouneedtofillintheform,andwilleithersendyouaform,orask youtogenerateit.

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Reviews

TOGENERATEALICENCEFORPUBLICATIONFORM
ChooseFile>Reports>LicenceforPublication. Theformcanbesavedandprintedusingthebuttonsinthelowerleft.

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Review/Protocolinformation
Title
Thereviewtitleisshownatthetopofthemaintextwindow,whereitcanbeedited. Note:whenareviewtitlehasbeenagreedwiththeReviewGroup,authorsshouldnotchangethetitlewithout theagreementoftheirReviewGroup. Youcanuseitalic,superandsubscriptinreviewtitles,butyoucannotmodifythefontorsize,norapplybold orunderline. Changingareview'stitlewillnotaffectanexistingfilenameusedforthereview(seeStoringreviewslocally), butitwillaffecttheoveralltitleofthereviewinArchiewhenthereviewischeckedin.

Authors
ThebylineandauthoraffiliationsshownatthetopoftheReviewInformationsectionaregenerated automaticallyfromtheauthorslinkedtoareview. YoucanuseRevMantochoosetheauthorsinthelistandtheirorder,butchangestothedetailsforthe authorsmustbemadeinArchie. [Link] [Link],her detailsarestoredwithinthereviewfile,[Link] thatareincludedinreviewsareupdatedintwoways: automatically,wheneverareviewischeckedoutfromArchie,thelatestdetailsforeachauthorare insertedinthefile; manually,byusingtheRefreshfunction(seebelow).

[Link](seeStartingareview),a [Link](under Preferences)thiswillbeusedfortheauthorcreated,otherwise'[Emptyname]'willbeshown. TheContactpersondoesnotneedtobeinthelistofauthors. WhenyoumakechangestothelistofauthorsortheContactperson,RevMandoesnotcheckwithArchieifyou [Link],yourauthorchangeswillonlytakeeffectinArchieif [Link],and whethertheywerecarriedoutornot.

TOASSIGNANAUTHOR
1. ExpandtheReviewinformationheadingintheoutline. 2. RightclicktheAuthorsheadingandchooseAddAuthor. TheNewAuthorWizardopens. 3. ChoosewhethertoaddanauthorthatislinkedtoArchie,oralocalrecord. Note:LocalrecordsshouldnotbeusedforCochranereviews. 4. Typethefirstname,lastnameorboth. YoucannarrowyoursearchtoauthorsinoneReviewGroupbyusingtheAuthorinReviewGrouppull downlist,ortothosepeoplewithanauthordocumentrolebyusingtheAuthorsonThisReviewOnly checkbox. 5. ClickSearch. RevManconnectstoArchie,andwhenthesearchiscompleted,theresultsareshowninthetopright pane. Note:ifyouspecifyaReviewGroup,butleavethenamefieldsblank,allauthorsfromthatgroupare [Link].

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Review/Protocolinformation 6. Clickthenameoftheauthoryouwishtoassign. Ifthepersonisnotinthelist,[Link],they [Link]'sdetailstoyourReview Groupsotheycancreatetherecord. 7. ClickFinish.

TOREMOVEANAUTHOR
1. ExpandtheReviewInformationandAuthorsheadingsintheoutline. 2. RightclickthenameofthepersonandchooseDeleteAuthor.

TOCHANGEAUTHORORDERING
1. ExpandtheReviewInformationandAuthorsheadingsintheoutline. 2. RightclicktheauthoryouwishtomoveandchooseMoveUporMoveDown.

TOVIEWANAUTHOR'SDETAILS
1. ExpandtheReviewInformationandAuthorsheadingsintheoutline. 2. Either doubleclicktheauthorname,or rightclickthenameandchooseEditAuthor.

[Link] theauthordetailstabwillshowthefullsetofinformationforthatauthor,whiletheleftpanewillshowhow muchofthatinformationwillbepublishedinthereview.

Editingauthordetails
RevMandoesnotallowauthor'sdetailstobeedited,[Link] [Link] exceptiontothisruleislocalrecords,whereyoucaneditthename,butnootherdetails. ThedetailsofapersoninArchiecanbemodifiedbythepersoninquestion(ifthepersonhasauseraccount), andbytheSuperUsersoftheirPrimaryEntity. IfyouthinktheremaybemorerecentdetailsfortheauthoravailableinArchie,youcandownloadthesetothe review.

TOUPDATEAUTHORDETAILS
1. Opentheauthor'sdetails(seeabove) 2. ClickRefresh.

Citationexample
RevManwillgenerateanexampleofhowthereview'scitationwilllookbasedontheinformationcurrentlyin RevMan,buttheYearandissueinformationshownwillnotmatchwhatwillbepublishedsincethatis [Link](see Dates),thatinformationwillbeusedintheexamplecitation,otherwise"[year]"and"[issue]"willbeused. SeealsoContactperson,Groupauthors,ConversionofauthorinformationfromRevMan4format.

Contactperson
[Link]. AlthoughthefunctionalityissimilartothatofAuthors,[Link] personusedfortheContactpersonisusuallyoneoftheauthors,butdoesnothavetobe. SeeAuthorsforinformationonhowtomodifytheContactperson.

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RevMan5UserGuide

Groupauthors
Ifateamofauthorswishtobecitedasgroup,thiscanbeachievedbyusingArchie'sGroupAuthor [Link]. Note:GroupauthorrecordscannothaveArchieuseraccounts,soauthorsthatwishtoworkonareviewby connectingtoArchiemustbeassignedtothereviewasindividuals. SeeAuthorsforinformationonhowtoassignauthors.

Dates
YoucanaddormodifytheAssessedasUptodate,DateofLastSearch,andNextStageExpectedfieldsbyusing thecalendartoolortypinginthedate.

TOUSETHECALENDARTOOLTOCHOOSEADATE:
1. Clickthecalendarbuttonnexttothefield 2. Usethearrowsnexttothemonthandyeartonavigatetodesiredmonth. 3. Clickthedate.

TOTYPEINTHEDATE:
1. [Link],toinput24December2007,type"24Dec2007". Whenyouaretyping,thetextinthefieldwillberedifitcannotbeparsedintoavaliddate. ProtocolFirstPublished,ReviewFirstPublishedandLastCitationIssueareexpressedasissuesofTheCochrane [Link],theyareincludedinthereviewwhenitischeckedout frominArchie.

What'snewandHistory
YoucanuseWhatsneweventstodescribethechangestotheprotocolorreviewsinceitwaslastpublished. [Link],ifyourreviewhasbeenupdated,and theupdatehasleadtoachangeintheconclusions,youshouldaddbothan'Updated'eventanda'New citation:conclusionschanged'event. Thethreeeventtypes'Newcitation:conclusionschanged','Newcitation:conclusionsnotchanged'and'No longerbeingupdated'aremutuallyexclusive,soyoucanonlyhaveoneoftheseinyourWhat'snewsection. WhatsneweventsthatdonotrelatetothecurrentversionofthereviewshouldbelistedintheHistory. FormoreinformationonusingWhat'snewandHistory,seetheHandbook.

TOADDAWHAT'SNEWEVENT
1. RightclickWhat'snewandchooseAddWhat'sNewEvent. TheNewWhat'sNewEventWizardopens. 2. Selectthetypeofeventfromthepulldownlist. 3. ClickNext. 4. Addadescriptionoftheevent. 5. ClickNext. 6. Assignadatefortheevent. Thecurrentdatewillbeusedbydefault. 7. ClickFinish.

EDITINGAWHAT'SNEWEVENT
14 Tochangethedate,clickthecalendarbuttonandchooseanewdateseeDates.

Review/Protocolinformation Tochangetheeventtype,selectthetypeofeventfromthepulldownlist. Tomodifythedescription,editthefield.

TOMOVEAWHAT'SNEWEVENTTOHISTORY
1. Rightclicktheeventintheoutline,andchooseMoveto>History.

ConversionofauthorinformationfromRevMan4format
ThefirsttimeaRevMan4reviewischeckedoutofArchieandopenedinRevMan5,itwillcontainrecordsfor [Link] record,[Link] name,andanotethatthisnamewasgeneratedbasedonthebyline. Commonreasonsforanadditionalauthortobecreatedare: thenameinthebylinespelleddifferentlytothenameintheArchierecord,or thebylinehasbeenformattedincorrectly,[Link]'etal.',or thedocumentroledidnotexistinArchie.

Ifoneoftheseproblemsoccurs,itwillbenecessarytoensurethatthecorrectandcompleterecordsforeach [Link] thecorrectrecords,[Link] authorsshouldbedeletedfromRevManbeforethereviewischeckedinagain. Insomecases,thepersonassignedasContactauthorintheRevMan4reviewshouldnotappearonthebyline, forexampleifapreviouscontactauthorhaverelinquishedresponsibilityforthereview,andthisroleisnow filledbyamemberoftheReviewGroup'[Link],theauthorshouldbedeletedfromthe RevManauthorlistbeforethereviewischeckedinagain. Groupauthors [Link] authorisfirstopenedinRevMan5,[Link],the 'EarlyBreastCancerTrialists'CollaborativeGroup'wouldbecomeanauthorcalledBreastCancerTrialists [Link],allgroupauthorsneedtobecreatedinArchieandassignedthe documentroleAuthorforthereviewbeforethereviewischeckedouttoRevMan5.

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Maintext
[Link],but youcanaddyourownsubheadings,seeHeadings. Eachtextsectioncancollapsedandexpandedindividually,seeCollapsingandexpandingsections.

Paragraphsandlinebreaks
TextinRevManisdividedintoparagraphsthatareseparatedbyspacing,butdonothaveablanklinein [Link] betweenparagraphsinRevMancannotbemodified. Generally,[Link],youcando thiswithShiftEnter. Sometypesofformattingapplytoparagraphsasawhole,whilesomeformattingcanbeusedforindividual characters.

Paragraphformatting
Formattingthatcanbeappliedattheparagraphlevelarebulletedandorderedlists,andindentation,which canbeusedforcreatingnestedlists([Link]).

TOAPPLYLISTFORMAT
1. Selectthetextthatshouldbeinthelist. 2. ClicktheBulletedListorOrderedlistbuttononthetoolbar. Thelistformatisappliedwitheachparagraphbecomingaseparatelistitem. Youcanconstructnestedlistsbyusingtheindentbuttonstoadjusttheleveloflistitems.

Characterformatting
Youcanformatyourtextinthepublishedreviewwithbold,italics,underline,superscriptandsubscriptbyusing thebuttonsonthemaintoolbar. Youcanalsoapplytextmarker([Link])withinRevMan,butthisformattingwillnotbepublished ([Link]). Note:[Link] stylesmustbeusedforthis,seeHeadings. Youcannotmodifythefontsizeofindividualcharacters,butyoucanchangetheoverallsizeofthetextasit appearsinRevMan,seeInterfaceoptions.

Links
Youcaninsertlinkstoothersectionsinthereview,suchasstudies,orfigures,seeLinks.

Symbols
SeeInsertingsymbols

Tables
SeeTablesinmaintext

Trackchanges
SeeTrackchanges

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Maintext

Headings
[Link] 'protectedtext',whichcannotbedeletedandisshowninblue. Threeothertypesofheadingscanbeused: Predefinedrecommendedheadings. Suggestedoptionalheadings. Userdefinedheadings.

Headingsarestructuredthroughheadinglevels,[Link] mainsectionheadings,[Link] [Link],ifyouwishtoaddtheoptionalheading"Adverseoutcomes" under"Typesofoutcomemeasures",theheadingshouldbeaddedasaHeading3,sincetheparentheadingis attheHeading2level.

Recommendedheadings
[Link] representedwithspecialiconsintheoutline:

TOREMOVEARECOMMENDEDHEADING
1. RightclicktheheadingandchooseDeactivateHeading. Note:[Link],you mostmoveittoanothersectionbeforedeactivatingtheheading.

TOACTIVATEARECOMMENDEDHEADING
1. Locatetheheadingintheoutline. 2. RightclicktheheadingandchooseActivateHeading. Note:Youdonothavetoincludeanytextbetweenasection'sfixedheadinganditsfirstrecommended [Link],RevManwillshowablanklineafterthefixedheadingsothattextcanbe [Link].

Optionalanduserdefinedheadings
[Link].

TOADDANOPTIONALORUSERDEFINEDHEADING
1. Entertheheadingtextonaseparateline. 2. Applytherelevantheadingstyleusingthepulldownlistinthetoolbar. SeealsoMaintext.

Links
[Link] linktextandmarkitasalinklater. Whenalinkhasbeenmade,[Link] ismodified,alllinkstoitwillbeupdatedautomatically.

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RevMan5UserGuide

TOINSERTALINK
1. Either: placethecursorwhereyouwishthelinktoappear,or selectastringoftextthatthelinkshouldreplace.

2. ClicktheLinkbutton. TheLinkwindowopens. 3. Choosethetypeofresourcetolinkto. [Link] possibledestination,suchas"Figure2",thetypeanddestinationwillbepreselectedforyou. 4. Clickthedestination. Or,ifyouareinsertingalinktoaninternetresource,entertheaddress("[Link] textthatshouldbeusedforthelink. 5. ClickOK. Thelinkappearsinthetext

TOMODIFYALINK
1. Placethecursorwithinthelink. 2. ClicktheLinkbutton. TheLinkwindowopens,[Link]'Toinsertalink'.

TOSEARCHFORLINKS
1. Selectsometext. 2. UseTools>FindandMarkLinks.

TOGOTOALINK'SDESTINATION
1. RightclickthelinkandchooseFollowLink.

TODELETEALINKCOMPLETELY
1. Deletethelinktext.

TOREMOVEALINK
1. Placethecursorwithinthelink. 2. ClicktheRemoveLinkbutton. Thelinkisremoved,butthetextisretained.

Insertingsymbols
[Link] supportothercharactersandsymbolsbecausetheuserofthereviewwouldnotbeabletoseethese.

TOINSERTASYMBOL
1. ClicktheInsertSymbolbutton. 2. Selectthesymboltoinsert. 3. ClickOK.

Insertinganalysisresults
Youcaninserttheresultofananalysis(summaryestimateplus95%confidenceintervals)intothetextofthe reviewasastringprovidedbyRevMan.

18

Maintext

TOINSERTANANALYSISRESULT
1. Placethecursoratthepointinthetextwhereyouwishtoinserttheresult. 2. ChooseFormat>InsertAnalysisResults. TheInsertAnalysisResultswindowopens,showingallcomparisonsandoutcomes. 3. Clicktheoutcomethatyouwishtoinsertresultsfrom. Theanalysisresultsofthehighlightedoutcomewillbeshownintheboxbelowthelist. Note:Onlyoutcomessettocalculatetotalsandsubtotalswillgeneratearesultthatcanbeinserted. Formoreinformationtotals,seeOutcomeproperties. 4. ClickOK. Theresultsareinsertedinthetext. Note:Resultsareinsertedasordinarytext,[Link],theyarenot updatedautomaticallyiftheanalysischanges.

Publishednotes
Publishednotesisanoptionalsectionofthemaintextthatcanbeusedfornotestobepublishedwiththe [Link],youmaybeabletoinserttheseasFootnotes. InadditiontothePublishednotesandfootnotes,youcanattachInternalnotestoanysectionofthereview. Thesewillnotbepublished.

Trackchanges
YoucanusetheTrackChangesfeaturetorecordmostchangesmadetothereviewtext,sothattheycan subsequentlybeacceptedorrejected.

TORECORDCHANGESYOUMAKE
1. ClicktheTrackChangesbuttononthetoolbar. Insertedtextwillbeingreen,anddeletedtextwillbeinred,withstrikethrough. Tip:enteryournameunderGeneralpreferencestohaveyournamerecordedforthechangesyoumake.

Resolvingchanges
Youcanreviewandacceptorrejectchangesindividually,asyoucomeacrosstheminthetext,oryoucanusea functiontogothrougheachchange. Whenyouseeanindividualchangeinthetext,pausingthecursoroverthechangedisplaysatooltipthat showswhenthechangewasmadeandbywhom.

TORESOLVEANINDIVIDUALCHANGE
1. RightclickthechangedtextandchooseAcceptChangeorRejectChange.

TORESOLVEMULTIPLECHANGES
1. UseTools>AcceptorRejectChanges. TheAcceptorRejectChangeswindowopens. 2. TofindthenextchangeafterthecursorpositionclicktheFindbutton. Ifachangeisfound,itwillbeselectedintheTextofReviewpane. 3. ClickAcceptorRejectasappropriate. Thenextchangefoundwillbehighlighted. Ifyouwishtoacceptorrejectallfurtherchangesautomatically,useAcceptAllorRejectAll. 4. Repeat3asneeded. 5. ClickOK.

19

RevMan5UserGuide YoucanalsoacceptallchangeswithoutreviewingthembyusingtheGlobalreplacefunction.

Publicationandtrackchanges
Ifareviewthatcontainstrackedchangesismarkedforpublication,theversionpublishedwillincludeallthe changesasiftheyhadbeenaccepted,withnospecialformatting.

Findandreplace
YoucanusetheFindfunctiontolocatetextinthewholereview,[Link] Collapsingandexpandingsections. TheReplacefunctionallowsyoutoreplacethefoundtextinnearlyallofthereview,withtheexceptionof [Link],whichyoucannot modify,andthereferences,whichyoucanonlymodifyontheirownseparatetabs. TheGlobalreplacefunctionworksonmoresections,butdoesnotallowyoutoreviewchangesindividually.

TOFINDTEXT
1. UseEdit>Find. TheFindwindowopens. 2. Enterthetextstringyouwishtofind. Tip:ifyouhadselectedsometextbeforeopeningtheFindwindow,theselectionwillautomaticallybe suggestedasthetexttofind. 3. Specifyanyadditionalcriteria. Youcanselectoneormoreofthefollowingoptions: Matchcase Findwholewordsonly([Link] notsummary) Ignoreprotectedtext Formatting:Bold,Italic,Underline,Superscript,Subscript,andTextMarker.

4. ClickFind. Ifthetextstringisfound,itwillbeshownintheTextofReviewtab. 5. Ifyouwishtolookforfurtheroccurrences,repeatstep4. 6. ClickCancelwhenyouhavefinished.

TOREPLACETEXT
1. UseEdit>Replace. TheReplacewindowopens. 2. Enterthetextyouwishtofindandspecifyanyadditionalcriteriasee'Tofindtext'. 3. Enterthetextyouwishtoreplacethefoundtextwith. Ifyouleavethisfieldblank,usingReplaceorReplaceallwilldeletethefoundtextwithout replacement. 4. ClickFind. Repeatifnecessaryuntilyouhavelocatedthefirstoccurrenceofthetextstringthatyouwishto replace. 5. Either: ClickReplacetoreplacethecurrentlyselectedoccurrence. Repeatthistoreplaceadditionaloccurrenceoneatatime. ClickReplaceAlltoreplacealoccurrencesofthesearchstring. Note:Youcannotreplaceprotectedtext,suchasheadings.

20

Maintext 6. ClickCancelwhenyouhavefinished. Tip:CtrlFandCtrlRarethekeyboardshortcutsforFindandReplace.

Globalreplace
Theglobalreplacefunctionhastwooveralluses: [Link],butalso affectssectionsthatarenoteditableorvisibleintheTextofReviewpane,suchasprotectedtext(e.g. references)orcollapsedsections. Makingachangethroughoutthereview,suchasdeletingallnotes.

Notethatyoucannotcombinethetwouses;whenyouchooseoneofthebottomoptions,thefunctionto replacetextisdisabled.

TOREPLACETEXT
1. ChooseEdit>GlobalReplace. TheGlobalreplacewindowopens. 2. Enterthetexttofind,andthetexttoreplacewith. 3. ClickOK.

TOREMOVEALLMARKER,ACCEPTALLCHANGESORDELETEALLNOTES
1. ChooseEdit>GlobalReplace. TheGlobalreplacewindowopens. 2. Selectonormoreofthefollowingoptions: [Link](theyellowhighlight),butleaves themarkedtext. [Link] individually. [Link].

3. ClickOK.

Importingtext
[Link] headings,[Link] thatwereoriginallyexportedfromRevMan(seeExportingtext). Warning:IfyoueditRevManHTMLfilesinMicrosoftWordandimportthembackintoRevMan,checkthe [Link],youwillmostlikelyhavetoreapplythecorrectparagraphformattingforall bulletedandnumberedlists.

TOIMPORTTEXT
1. UseFile>Import>TextofReview. TheImportTextWizardopens. 2. ClickNext. TheOpenwindowopens. 3. [Link]. [Link],clicktheOpenbutton. 4. ClickNext. [Link],thepaneontherightshows whatwouldbeimportedforthatsection. 21

RevMan5UserGuide 5. SelectthesectionstoimportandclickFinish. Thenumberofsuccessfullyimportedsectionsisreported. 6. ClickOK.

22

Tables
Abouttables
TherearefivetypesoftableinRevMan: Tablesinmaintextoptional,usedforpresentinglimitedamountsinformationintabularformat withinthemainbodyoftext. Characteristicsofstudiestablesmandatorytablesusedforrecordingthecharacteristicsofstudies thatareincluded,excluded,awaitingclassification,[Link] predefinedattributes,andyoucanincludeadditionalattributes. Riskofbiastablesoptional,[Link] Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytablesindiagnosticreviews. Summaryoffindingstablesoptional,canbegeneratedwithGradeProfilersoftwareandimportedas readonlytables,orcreatedwithinRevMan. Additionaltablesoptional,usedfortablesthataretoolarge,ornotsufficientlyimportanttobein themainbodyoftext.

Appearanceofpublishedtables
RevMandoesnotreproducetheexactappearanceoftablesastheywillbepublishedinTheCochraneLibrary.

Tablesinmaintext
Youcanusetableswithinthemainbodyoftext.

Constructingintexttables TOINSERTATABLE
1. Positionthecursorwhereyouwishatabletoappear 2. ClicktheTablebutton. Atablecontainingthreerowsandthreecolumnswillbeinserted.

TOADDROWSORCOLUMNS
1. Rightclickatablecellwhereyouwishthenewroworcolumntoappear. 2. ChooseeitherInsertRowAbove,InsertRowBelow,InsertColumnToTheLeft,orInsertColumnTo TheRight.

TOREMOVEROWSORCOLUMNS
1. Toremovemultiplerowsorcolumns,selectaseriesofcellsthatspantherowsorcolumnsyouwishto remove. 2. Rightclickacellintherowsorcolumnsyouwishtoremove. 3. ChooseDeleteRowsorDeleteColumns.

TOMERGECELLS
1. Selectthecellsyouwishtomerge 2. RightclickwithinthetableandchooseMergeCells

TOSPLITAMERGEDCELL
1. RightclickamergedcellandchooseSplitCells

23

RevMan5UserGuide

Formattingtables
Inadditiontotheformattingthatisavailablewithinallofthemaintext,tableshavetwofurtheroptions: headingcells,andcellalignment.

TOMAKEACELLAHEADING
1. RightclickthecellandchooseToggleHeading/Cell Theheadingformattingisappliedtothecell. Youcanspecifytheverticalandhorizontaltextalignmentforeachcell.

EXAMPLE:TOSETAROWTOBEALIGNEDBOTTOMCENTRE
1. Selectthecellsintherow 2. RightclickwithinthetableandchooseAlignment>AlignCentre. 3. RightclickwithinthetableandchooseAlignment>AlignBottom.

Widthandheight
[Link],cells(andtherebyrow, columnsandtables)willexpandautomaticallytofitthecontent. Note:Ifacolumnistoowide,[Link] wrapthetextinacellwhenitcontainsaspace. Warning:DonothyphenatewordstoadjustthecolumnwidthsinRevMan;whenpublished,thetablesare almostcertaintohaveadifferentwidththanwhatyouseeinRevMan.

Characteristicsofstudiestables
Eachcategoryofstudy(included,excluded,awaitingclassificationandongoing)hasaspecialtablewhereyou providetheattributesoftherelevantstudies. SeealsoRiskofbiastables(InterventionandMethodologyreviews)andAssessmentofmethodological qualitytables(Diagnosticreviews).

TOENTERSTUDYCHARACTERISTICS
1. Locatethetableintheoutline. 2. Doubleclickthestudyforwhichyouwishtoenterthedata. IntheTextofreviewtab,thetextcursormovestothefirstfieldinthetable 3. Enterthecharacteristics. Tip:UsetheTabkeytomovetothenextrow;useShiftTabtomoveuponerow.

Userdefinedcharacteristics
Thefourtableshaveapredefinedsetofstandardcharacteristics,butyoucanalsoadduptothreeuserdefined characteristicsforeachstudycategory.

TOADDUSERDEFINEDCHARACTERISTICS:
1. Openthetableproperties. Clickthetableintheoutline,andtheclickthePropertiesbuttonontheoutlinetoolbar. 2. Selectuptothreeuserdefinedcharacteristics. 3. EnteraHeadingforeachcharacteristic. 4. ClickOK.

Orderingstudies
Studiesinthecharacteristicstablescanbeorderedinthreeways:

24

Tables [Link]. YearofStudysortedontheYearfieldofthestudy'sproperties(andthenalphabeticallybyStudyID). Studieswithoutayeararelistedfirst. Userdefinedordersortedbytheuserbymovingstudiesupanddownintheoutline.

TOCHOOSEASORTORDER:
1. Openthetableproperties. Clickthetableintheoutline,andtheclickthePropertiesbuttonontheoutlinetoolbar. 2. ChoosetheorderyouwantfromtheSortBypulldownlist. 3. ClickOK.

TOSPECIFYAUSERDEFINEDORDER:
1. Clickoneofthestudiesyouwishtoreorder. 2. ClicktheMoveUporMoveDownbuttonsintheoutlinetoolbartomovethestudy. Note:thesebuttonsareonlyactiveifyouhavesetthetabletouserdefinedorder. 3. Repeatsteps1and2,untilthestudiesareinthedesiredorder.

Riskofbiastables
[Link]: Ariskofbiasitem,e.g.'Allocationconcealment?'. Tip:Toseetheunderlyingquestioninfull,pausethecursorovertheitemtohavedisplayatooltip text. Theauthors'judgmentforthatitem,whereYesindicatesalowriskofbias. Adescriptionthatexplainshowthejudgmentwasreached.

Youcanchoosebetweenanumberofpredefinedriskofbiasitems,[Link] areassessedforthestudyasawholewhileothersmustbeassessedattheoutcomelevel. Formoreinformationontherationaleanduseofuseriskofbiastables,seetheHandbook. TheRiskofbiastablesarecalledAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytablesindiagnosticreviews.

TOACTIVATEANITEM
1. OpenthepropertiesfortheRiskofbiastables. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttotheRiskofbiastableheading. 2. Selecttheitemyouwishtoactivate. [Link],whileuser defineditemsareblack. 3. Iftheitemmustbeassessedattheoutcomelevel,addoneormoreoutcomegroups,see'Toaddan outcomelevelgroup'. 4. SelecttheActivatedcheckbox. Ifthecheckboxisgrayedout,itisbecauseoutcomegroupshavenotyetbeenspecified,seeabove. 5. ClickOK. [Link] groups,therewillbearowforeach.

TOADDAUSERDEFINEDITEM
1. OpenthepropertiesforRiskofbiastables. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttotheRiskofBiasTableheading,andgototheRiskofBiasTablestab.

25

RevMan5UserGuide 2. Addthenewitem. ClicktheAddbuttonbeneaththeleftpane. Theitemwillbecreatedwiththedefaultname'Newitem'. 3. EditthenameintheItemfield. 4. InputtheFullQuestion. 5. Specifytheassessmentlevel. 6. Activatetheitem(seeabove). 7. ClickOK.

Studyoroutcomelevelassessment
Someriskofbiasitemsareassessedforthestudyasawhole(e.g.'Allocationconcealment?')whileothersmust beassessedattheoutcomelevel(e.g.'Blinding'). Touseassessmentattheoutcomelevel,youmust: havecreatedtherelevantoutcomes,seeConstructingacomparisontable,and addoneormoreoutcomelevelgroups.

TOADDANOUTCOMELEVELGROUP
1. OpenthepropertiesfortheRiskofbiastables. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttotheRiskofbiastableheading,andgototheRiskofBiasTablestab. 2. Selecttheitemyouwishtochange. Clickontheitemintheleftpane. 3. ClicktheAddbuttontotherightofthelistofoutcomegroups. Anewgroupwiththelabel'Alloutcomes'iscreated. 4. Modifythelabeloftheoutcomegroup. 5. Selecttheoutcomesthatshouldbepartofthegroupfromthelistbelow. 6. Repeatsteps3to5tocreatethenumberofgroupsyourequire. 7. Ifneeded,activatetheitem. 8. ClickOK.

Blankentriesandpublication
IfaRiskofbiastablecontainsanitemwithanemptydescriptionfieldandthejudgementissetto'Unclear',this [Link] includeanitemforonestudy,butnotothers.

AllocationconcealmentinformationfromRevMan4reviews
InRevMan4reviews,[Link] reviewisconvertedfromRevMan4format,thisinformationmaybetransferredtotheRiskofbiastable accordingly: RevMan4 AAdequate BUnclear CInadequate RevMan5 Judgment Yes Unclear No Description AAdequate BUnclear CInadequate

26

Tables

DNotused

Unclear

DNotused

Summaryoffindingstables
SummaryofFindingstablescanbegeneratedandaddedtoRevManintwoways: [Link]. PreparedusingRevMan'stablecomponent.

TOIMPORTASUMMARYOFFINDINGSTABLE
1. RightclicktheSummaryofFindingsTablesheadingintheoutlineandchooseAddSummaryof FindingsTable. TheNewSummaryofFindingsTableWixrasopens. 2. ToacceptthedefaultoptiontoImportTheTableFromaFileCreatedinGRADEprofiler,clickNext. 3. Choosethefiletoimport,andclickOpen. ThefilemustalreadyhavebeencreatedandsavedfromGRADEprofiler. 4. ClickFinish. FormoreinformationonSummariesoffindingssee,section11.5intheHandbook.

Additionaltables
Additionaltableshaveallthefunctionalityoftablesinmaintext,buthavesomeadditionalcharacteristics: TheyhaveaTitle(whichcanbeeditedonthetable'sProperties). Theycanhavefootnotes. Theycanbelinkedtointhemaintext.

Tocreateanadditionaltable 1. RightclicktheAdditionalTableheadingintheoutlineandchooseAddTable. TheNewAdditionalTableWizardopens. 2. Gothoughthestepsinthewizard. Specifyatitleandthenumberofrowsandcolumns. 3. ClickFinish Youcanalsocreateadditionaltablesbytransformingatablefromthemaintextoranappendix.

TOMOVETEXTTABLETOADDITONALTABLES
RightclickanywherewithinthetableandchooseMovetoAdditionalTables. Youcanchoosewhethertoinsertalinktothenewtableatthelocationitwasmovedfrom. Tip:Tocreateanaddtionaltablefromatableinanothersource,[Link],youuseanappendixasa [Link],[Link] AdditionalTables,anddeletetehappendixagain.

27

Studiesandreferences
Aboutstudiesandreferences
Studies
[Link]: StudyIDalabelidentifyingthestudy,whichisusedinthedatatablesandinlinkstothestudyinthe [Link]"Cochrane1970" yearthestudywasconducted oneormorereferences.

Studiesaredividedintofourcategories: Includedstudiesstudiesthatmeettheinclusioncriteria. Excludedstudiesstudiesthatdonotmeettheinclusioncriteria,butappeartodoso. Studiesawaitingclassificationstudiesthathavebeenidentified,butnotyetfullyassessedfor inclusionorexclusionbytheauthors. Ongoingstudiesstudiesthatarenotyetcompleted,butarelikelytobeconsideredforinclusionin thefuture.

SeealsoCharacteristicsofstudiestables Youcanaddstudiesonebyone,orcreateseveralstudiesatatimebyimportingtheirreferences. SeealsoOrganisingstudies.

References
Therearefourtypesofreferences: Referencestostudies Otherreferences Additionalreferences(citedinthetext) Otherpublishedversionsofthisreview Classificationpendingreferences

ReferencesofthetypeOtherreferencesallhaveaReferenceIDthatissimilarinfunctiontotheStudyID(see above). SeealsoEditingreferencesandImportingreferences.

OrganisingstudiesandReferences
Thearethreewaysyoucanworkwithstudiesandreferencesintheoutline: Withtherightclickmenu. Usingdraganddrop. Usingthekeyboardtocut,copyandpaste.

Movingmultipleelements
Youcanselectmultipleelementswhichallowsyoutomoveordeleteallofthematthesametime.

28

Studiesandreferences

TOSELECTMULTIPLEELEMENTSONEATATIME
1. Clickthefirstrecordyouwanttoselect. 2. WhileholdingdowntheCtrlkey,[Link] highlighted. Toselectaseriesofrecords 1. Clickthefirstrecordintheseriesyouwanttohighlight. 2. [Link] betweenwillalsobehighlighted.

Importingreferences
[Link],oneofwhich takesplacewithinRevMan: First,outsideofRevMan,retrievethereferencesyouwantandsavetheminaformatRevMancan open(seePreparingareferencefileimmediatelybelow). Then,withinRevMan,importthefileandorganisethereferences.

Preparingareferencefile
RevMancanreadthreereferenceformats: RISformatagenericformatsupportedbymostreferencemanagementsoftware. PubmedMEDLINEformatfilesdownloadedfromPubMedusingMEDLINEformat. RevManformatsupportedbyRevMan4and5;canbegeneratedfromreferencemanagement [Link]/RevManfor updatedoutputstyles.

ToimportyourreferencestoRevMan,youmusthavesavedtheminatextfileinoneofthesethreeformats somewhereonyourcomputer.

Importing TOIMPORTREFERENCES
1. UseFile>Import>References. TheImportReferencesWizardopens. 2. GothroughthestepsintheWizard. 3. ClickFinish.

Editingreferences
[Link],whereitisedited [Link]: [Link],thereferenceIDcanbeeditedhere. Forstudyreferences,theStudyIDisdisplayed,butcannotbeedited(tomodifyit,editthestudy;orto chooseadifferentstudy,movethereference). [Link],somefieldsarerequiredandothersoptional. Forstudyreferencesonly:optiontoselectastheprimaryreference. Thefieldsthatmakeupthereference. Asectionforoptionalidentifierfields,suchasMedlineID. Apreviewpaneshowingtheformattedreference. 29

RevMan5UserGuide

TOEDITAREFERENCE
1. Locatethereferenceintheoutlineanddoubleclickit. Thereferenceopensinatab. 2. ChoosetheReferencetypefromthepulldownlist. 3. Entertheinformationintherelevantfields. Fieldsthatarerequiredforthechosenreferencetypeareshownwithaboldlabel. 4. Whendoneediting,closethereferencetab.

Formattinginreferences
Youcaninsertsymbolsandapplytextmarkerinallreferencefields,butinmostfieldsyoucannotapplyany [Link], superscriptandsubscriptsee'Characterformatting'intheMaintextsection.

Thelistofjournals
Insteadoftypinginthejournalname,youcanchooseitfromapredefinedlistofjournalnames.

TOUSETHELISTOFJOURNALS
1. RightclickinthefieldforenteringJournal/book/sourceanduseChooseFromList. TheChooseaJournalwindowopens. 2. Clickthejournalyouwishtoinsert. TIP:[Link] firstjournalthatbeginswiththeletter(s). 3. ClickOK. TheWindowclosesandthejournalnameisinserted,replacinganytextpreviouslyinthefield. YoucaneditthelistofjournalsavailableinyourversionofRevManbyeditingthefollowingfile: [installationfolder]\misc\[Link] ThedefaultinstallationfolderonWindowsis'C:\ProgramFiles\ReviewManager5\'.

Primaryreference
Ifastudyhasmorethanonereference,oneofthemcanbeselectedastheprimaryreference.

30

Dataandanalyses
Constructingacomparisontable
CochraneInterventionreviewsarebasedonthecomparisonoftwointerventions,andthecomparisontable [Link]([Link],orXversusY). Thecomparisontablehasamaximumofthreelevels: comparisons, theiroutcomes, andtheirsubgroups,ifany.

Youcreatethecomparisontablebyaddingyourcomparisons,andthenaddingtherelevantoutcomesand [Link],youcanaddstudiestotheseforuseintheanalysis,see [Link],you willbeabletoenterthedataforthereviewseeEnteringdata. Othertypesofreviewhaveotherwaysofhandlingtheanalyses,seeDataandanalysesindiagnosticreviews.

Comparisons TOADDACOMPARISON
1. RightclicktheDataandAnalysesheadingintheoutlineandchooseAddComparison. TheNewComparisonWizardopens. 2. EnteraNameforthecomparison. Youcantypeinthename,[Link]: 1. ClickthedownarrowattheendoftheNameboxtoopenapulldownlistofallcomparisons. 2. Choosethecomparisonyouwishtobasethenameon. 3. Editthename. 3. ClickFinish. Otherwaysofaddingacomparison: ClicktheDataandAnalysesheadingintheoutline,andthenclicktheAddbuttononthetoolbar. ClicktheAddComparisonbuttonintheDataandanalysessectionintheTextofReview.

Outcomes TOADDANOUTCOME
1. RightclicktherelevantcomparisonintheoutlineandchooseAddOutcome. TheNewOutcomeWizardopens. 2. Choosethedatatypefortheoutcome. 3. ClickNext. 4. EnteraNamefortheoutcome. Youcantypeinthename,[Link]: 1. ClickthedownarrowattheendoftheNameboxtoopenapulldownlistofalloutcomes. 2. [Link],ifnecessary. 5. ClickFinish. Whenyouhavecreatedanoutcome,youcandefinethedetailsoftheanalysisbymodifyingthepropertiesof [Link].

31

RevMan5UserGuide

Subgroups TOADDASUBGROUP
1. RightclicktherelevantoutcomeintheoutlineandchooseAddSubgroup. TheNewSubgroupWizardopens. 2. EnteraNamefortheSubgroup. Youcantypeinthename,[Link]: 1. ClickthedownarrowattheendoftheNameboxtoopenapulldownlistofallsubgroups. 2. [Link],ifnecessary. 3. ClickFinish. Outcomescancontaineitherstudiesorsubgroups(whichcontainstudies).Ifstudieshavebeenaddedtoan outcome,[Link],youcanusethe IntroduceSubgroupoptiontocreateasubgroupandmoveallthestudiestothis.

Comparisonproperties
Youcanusethecomparisonpropertieswindowtomodify: Thenameofthecomparison. Thegrouplabelsusedinalloutcomesforthatcomparison.

TOCHANGETHEGROUPLABELSFORALLOUTCOMESFORACOMPARISON:
1. Opentheoutcomeproperties ClicktheoutcomeandtheclickthePropertiesbuttonintheoutlinetoolbar. 2. SelectSetGroupLabelsForAllOutcomes. 3. Enterthelabelsyouwishtouse. Note:Evenifyouonlywishtomodifyoneofthelabels,youmustfillinbothinGroupLabel1and [Link],thiswouldbeappliedtoalloutcomes. 4. ClickOK. Thenewlabelsareappliedtoalloutcomesforthatcomparison.

Outcomeproperties
Whenyouhavecreatedanoutcome,youcandefinethedetailsoftheanalysisbymodifyingthepropertiesof theoutcome.

TOMODIFYANOUTCOME
1. RightclicktheoutcomeintheoutlineandchooseProperties. 2. UsetheGeneraltabtomodifytheName,DataTypeandGrouplabels. Notethatchangingthedatatypewillmeanthatanydataalreadyenteredwillbelost. 3. UsetheAnalysisMethodtabtosettheStatisticalMethod,AnalysisModelandEffectMeasureoptions. 4. UsetheAnalysisDetailstabtospecifyoptionsforTotals,confidenceintervals,andsomeadvanced options. 5. UsetheGraphtabtospecifyoptionsforthegraphappearance. 6. ClickOKwhenfinished. Note:[Link] Name,andthenumberofrowsandcolumnsinthedatatable.

32

Dataandanalyses

Generaloptions
UsetheoutcomeNametodescribetheoutcome. YoucanchoosebetweenthefollowingDatatypes: Dichotomous:numberofeventsandparticipantsinthetwogroups. Continuous:numberofparticipants,meanandstandarddeviationforthetwogroups. OEandVariance:numberofeventsandparticipants,andprecalculatedobservedexpected(OE) andvariance. GenericInverseVariance:precalculatedestimateoftreatmenteffectandstandarderrorofestimate. OtherData:dataofallothertypes,enteredinafreetexttable.

TheGroupLabels(1and2)areusedasheadingsinthedatatables,andarepublishedonthoseanalysesgraphs [Link]'Experimental'and'Control'.Youcaneditthelabelsforan individualoutcomeontheoutcomeproperties,butyoucanalsochangethelabelsusedinalloutcomesfora comparison,seeComparisonproperties.

AnalysisMethodoptions
TheStatisticalMethodoptionsavailabledependonthedatatype,andinturndeterminewhatanalysismodel andeffectmeasureoptionsareavailable.

AnalysisDetailsoptions
TheoptionsforTotalsdetermineswhethertheanalysiswillshowtotalsfortheentireoutcome,forsub categoriesonly,ornotshowanytotals. StudyconfidenceintervalandTotalconfidenceintervalwillbeusedasthedefaultvalueswhenthereviewis [Link] newoutcomeinRevManuseSettings:Statistical. Advancedoptions: Testforsubgroupdifferences. Swapeventandnonevent. Entereddataareonlogscale(genericinversevarianceonly). Ratiomeasuressuchasoddsratios,riskratiosandhazardratiosshouldbeenteredasln(effectsize) andSE[ln(effectsize)].Nonratiomeasuressuchasmeandifferencesandriskdifferencesshouldbe [Link],when theresultsarepresented,theratiomeasureswillbeconvertedtotheiroriginalmetric(oddsratio etc.)andtheinformationenteredherewilldeterminewhetherthishappens. Enternumberofparticipants(genericinversevariance,fordisplayonly). Selectthischeckboxifyouwanttoenterthenumberofparticipantsinthetwocomparedgroupsinto [Link] analysis.

Graphoptions
LeftGraphLabel,[Link]'Favours experimentals',and'Favourscontrol'. [Link] usingthesliderbeneaththegraph,seeAnalysisgraphs. [Link] order,youcanusetheMoveupandMoveDownbuttonsontheoutlinetoolbartoreorderthestudies.

33

RevMan5UserGuide

Addingstudiestoananalysis
Beforestudiescanbeaddedtoananalysis: ThestudiesmustbeintheIncludedStudiessection. Youmusthaveconstructedacomparisontable.

TOADDSTUDIES
1. RightclicktheoutcomeorsubgroupandchooseAddStudyData. TheNewStudyDataWizardopens. Note:Ifanoutcomehassubgroups,youcanonlyaddstudiesatthesubgrouplevel. 2. Choosethestudiesyouwishtoadd. Tip:YoucanuseCtrlclick(CommandclickonMacOS)andShiftclicktoselectmultiplestudies. 3. ClickFinish. Youcannowbeginenteringdataforthestudies.

Enteringdata
Toenterdataforastudy,[Link] pastedin,[Link]. Asyouenterdata,thesearedynamicallyupdatedintheAnalysisgraph.

TOOPENADATATABLE
1. Clicktheoutcomeyouwishtoenterdatafor. 2. ClicktheEditOutcomebuttonontheoutlinetoolbar. Theoutcomedatatableandanalysiswillopeninanewtab.

TOPASTEDATA
1. Inthesourcedocument,copythedata. 2. InRevMan,clickthetopleftcelloftheareaintowhichyouwanttoaddthedata. 3. ClickthePastebuttononthetoolbar.

Doubledataentry
RevMandoesnotprovidefunctionalityfordoubledataentry,butyoucanuseaspreadsheetfordoingthisand thenpastetheverifieddataintoRevMan. Atemplatespreadsheetfordoingdoubledataentryisbeingprepared,andwillbemadeavailablefor downloadwhenready. SeealsoSensitivityanalysis.

Analysisgraphs
Eachoutcometabcontainsananalysisgraphthatisdynamicallyupdatedasyouenterorcorrectthedatainthe datatable(exceptforoutcomesofthetype'Otherdata',whichdonothaveananalysisgraph).

Graphscale
Youcansetthescaleofagraphintwoways: usingthescaleslideratthebottomofthegraph,or enteringaspecificvalueontheoutcomeproperties.

Thesliderletsyousetthescaletoawide,butnotunlimited,[Link],youcanspecifyany scalevalueontheoutcomeproperties.

34

Dataandanalyses

Viewinggraphs
ClicktheForestPlotbuttontoopenthegraphinaseparatewindow.

Includinggraphsasfigures
SeeFiguresgeneratedbyRevMan.

Copyingorsavinggraphs
Tocopyorsaveagraph,[Link] figuretotheclipboard,orSavingafigureasafile.

Funnelplots
TOVIEWAFUNNELPLOTFORANOUTCOME
1. Openthedatatablefortheoutcome. 2. ClicktheFunnelPlotbutton. Thefunnelplotopensinanewwindow. Topublishafunnelplotwiththereview,includeitasafigure.

Funnelplotoptions
IfyouincludeaFunnelplotasafigure,[Link] cansettheseunderDrawingOptionsonthefigure'sProperties.

Sensitivityanalysis
Ifyouwishtoperformsensitivityanalysis,youcantemporarilyomitsomeofthestudiesusedinanoutcomeor [Link],but youcannotsubmitareviewforpublicationifstudieshavebeenomittedfromanalysis. Note:SensitivityanalysisforDiagnosticreviewsisnotpossiblewithinRevMan. Note:Analysesincludedasfiguresareautomaticallyupdated,soifstudiesaretemporarilyomittedthiswillbe reflectedinthefigures.

TOOMITASTUDY
1. Clickthecheckboxinfrontofthestudyname. Thecheckmarkisremoved,andthestudynolongercontributestotheanalysis. Tip:Youcanomitwholesubgroupsbyremovingtheircheckmark.

35

Figures
Aboutfigures
Youcanincludetwotypesoffiguresinareview: FiguresgeneratedbyRevManthesearegraphsgeneratedbyRevManfromthedatayouhave [Link]. Figuresfromfilesthesecanbeanytypeofpicture,generatedinsoftwareotherthanRevMan,and [Link].

AllfiguresareconsistentlynamedFigure[number].Youcannoteditthenamesoffigures,butyoucanadd [Link] unbrokenseriesofnumbers,seeOrderingandrenumberingfigures.

Publicationoffigures
Afiguremustbelinkedinthetextforittobepublished. Youcanselectthemostimportantforestplotsandfunnelplotstobedisplayedmoreprominentlyasfigures [Link] intheCochraneHandbookforSystematicReviewsofInterventions. Inadditiontothefiguresyouinclude,theforestplotsofallanalyseswillbemadeavailableinaseparate [Link].

FiguresgeneratedbyRevMan
[Link]: AnalysisgraphssuchasforestplotsandSROCcurves. Funnelplots. RiskofbiasfiguresinDiagnosticreviews,thesearecalled'Methodologicalquality'figures.

IncludingaRevManfigureinyourreviewisatwostepprocess: 1. First,createthefigureintheFiguressection. 2. Thenaddalinktothefigurewithinthetextofthereview. Whenafigurehasbeencreated,itwillbeupdatedautomaticallyiftheunderlyingdataarechanged.

TOCREATEAFIGURE
1. ClicktheFiguresheadingintheoutline,andclickAddfigure. TheNewFigureWizardopens. 2. SelectthetypeoffigureandclickNext. 3. Ifyouarecreatingaforestplot,funnelplotorSROCplot,choosetheanalysisoroutcometouseinthe figureandclickNext. Selectanitemintheleftpanetoseeapreviewofthefigureintherightpane. RiskofbiasandMethodologicalqualityfiguresdonotrequirethisstep. 4. Modifythecaption,ifnecessary. RevMansuggestsacaptionautomatically,basedonthenameoftheanalysisoroutcomeused. 5. ClickFinish. Thefigureiscreatedwiththelowestavailablenumber. Whenafigurehasbeenadded,youmustcreatealinktoitinthetexttoensureitispublished.

36

Figures SeealsoAddingafigurefromafile

Riskofbiasfigures
YoucancreatetwotypesoffiguresfromthedataenteredintheRiskofbiastables: Ariskofbiasgraphisaplotofthedistributionofjudgments(Yes,UnclearandNo)acrossstudiesfor eachriskofbiasitem. ARiskofbiassummaryisasummarytableofreviewauthors'judgmentsforeachriskofbiasitemfor eachstudy.

TheRiskofbiasfiguresarecalled'Assessmentofmethodologicalquality...'figuresindiagnosticreviews.

Addingafigurefromafile
ThissectiondescribeshowtoaddfigurescreatedinsoftwareotherthanRevMan,butyoucanalsoaddgraphs generatedbyRevManasfigures,seeFiguresgeneratedbyRevManforhowtodothis. Beforeyoucanaddthefigure,youmustfirstprepareafileinthecorrectformat,seePreparingimagefiles'.

TOADDAFIGUREFROMAFILE
1. ClicktheFiguresheadingintheoutlineandthenclicktheAddbuttonintheoutlinetoolbar. TheNewFigureWizardopens. 2. ChooseOtherfigureandclickNext. TheOpenwindowopens. 3. Navigatetothefolderwherethefileislocatedandselectthefile. Asmallpreviewoftheselectedfileisshownontheright. 4. ClickOpen. [Link] pixelsizeoftheimageisshownbeneathit. 5. ClickNext. 6. EnteracaptionfortheFigure. 7. ClickFinish. Whenyouhaveaddedafigure,youshouldincludealinktoitinthetext,seeLinks.

Preparingimagefiles
BeforeyoucanaddthefiguretoRevMan,youmustfirstpreparethefilesothatitissuitableforpublication. Warning:Optimisingimagescanbeacomplextask,[Link] previousexperiencewithimageediting,itisrecommendedthatyouobtainprofessionalguidanceorassistance. Thebasicprinciplesoutlinedhereare: Beawareofcopyrightissues. Cropifnecessary. Resizedownasnecessary,whileretainingdimensionsandlegibility. SavegraphsandtablesasPNG,photographsasJPEG. Checktheimagequalitycarefully.

Copyright Remembertoverifythatyoueitherownthecopyrightownershiporhavethewrittenconsentofthecopyright [Link].

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RevMan5UserGuide Editingimages [Link] copyoftheoriginalimage(orthedatausedtogenerateit)inthehighestpossiblequalitybeforeyoudoany [Link],orsupplyingitinanimproved formatifotheroptionsbecomeavailable. Imageeditingsoftwaretypicallyhasalargenumberoffeatures,manyofwhichmightbeusedtoimprove [Link],weconcentrateonthebasicsofpreparinganimage,butifyouhaveexperiencewithother featuressuchascontrastadjustment,orblurandsharpenfilters,youcanusethese. Pleaserefertothedocumentationforyourimageeditingsoftwarefordetailsonhowtoperformthetasks describedhere. Cropping [Link] workingwithscreendumpsacquiredbyusingthePrintScreenkey.,Youshouldalwaysremoveanysurplus [Link],[Link] [Link] included. Ifthereiscaptionorheadingtextintheimage,itshouldberemovedfromtheimageandenteredinthe appropriatefieldinRevMan(seebelow).Anylegendsusedshouldremainintheimage. Resizing Althoughtheoriginalsyoubeginwithshouldgenerallybeinahighresolution,theimagespublishedwithyour [Link], butneversosmallthattextbecomesillegible.Ifyourimageexceeds800pixelsinwidthevenaftercropping andcarefulresizing,[Link] aspectratioofimages,unlessyouhaveagoodreasonto. Note:Youshouldbeparticularlycarefulwhenresizinggraphs,astheytypicallyhavelinesthatareonlyone [Link] imageatitsoriginalsize. SavinginaformatacceptedbyRevMan RevMancanaccepttwofileformats:[Link] theimagewiththecharacteristicsofthevariousformats. Forlinedrawingsorscreenshots,suchasgraphs,PNGisthebestformat. Forphotographs,JPEGwithahighquality(orlowcompression)settingisthebestformat.

ThesoftwareyouuseforpreparingtheimagesforRevManmayhaveafeaturewhereyoucanpreviewthe outputfilebeforesavingit,allowingyoutoexperimentfurtherwithoptimising. Verifyingquality WhenyouhavesavedtheimageinoneoftheformatssupportedbyRevMan,openthefileandcheckcarefully [Link],lookoutforangularnoisepatternsnearedgescausedby [Link],checkthatalllinesandwritingisclear,andthatthecoloursoftheoriginal areretained. SeealsoAboutfigures.

Orderingandrenumberingfigures
[Link]'snumber directly,butyoucanchangetheorderofyourfigureswiththeMoveUpandMovedownfunctions.

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Figures

TOREORDERFIGURES
1. RightclickthefigureyouwishtomoveandchooseMoveUporMoveDown. Thetwofiguresexchangeplaceandnumbers,andanylinkstothefiguresinthetextareupdated automatically. 2. [Link].

Renumbering
Ifhavedeletedafigure,youmayneedtorenumbertheremainingfigurestoensureacontinuoussequence.

TORENUMBERFIGURES
1. ClicktheFiguresheadingintheoutline. 2. ClicktheRenumberbuttonontheoutlinetoolbar. [Link] automatically.

Copyingafiguretotheclipboard
YoucancopyafigurefromRevMantotheclipboard,allowingittobepastedintoothersoftware. [Link] onthecapabilitiesofthetargetsoftware.

TOCOPYAFIGURE
1. OpenthefigureProperties. 2. ClickCopy. Thefigureisnowstoredonyourcomputer'sclipboard,fromwhereyoucanpasteitintoother softwarethatacceptsimages.

Savingafigureasafile
[Link] [Link],thevectorformatsarethemostversatileandgivethebestquality. Vectorformats: SVG EMF EMP SWF EPS PDF

Bitmapformat: PNG

TOSAVEAFIGURE
1. Openthefigure. 2. ClicktheSavebutton. TheSavewindowopens 3. Specifyalocation,filetypeandfilename. 4. ClickSave

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RevMan5UserGuide

Deletingafigure
TODELETEAFIGURE
1. Locatethefigureyouwishtodeleteintheoutlinepane. 2. RightclickitandchooseDeleteFigure. Tip:Ifyouhavecreatedlinkstoafigureinthetext,thelinktext,suchas'Figure3',willnotbedeletedfromthe [Link],whichwillbeeasiestwithFindandreplace. Whenyoudeleteafigure,youmayneedtorenumbertheremainingfigurestoensureacontinuoussequence, seeOrderingandrenumberingfigures.

Trimmingimages
YoucanusetheTrimImagefunctiontoremovepartsofthesourcefilethatshouldnotberetainedinthe figure,suchasacaption,orexcessivewhitespace. Note:TrimImageisonlyavailableforOtherFigures.

TOTRIMAFIGURE
1. Outlinethesectiontokeepbydrawingarectangleonthefigure. [Link] buttonattheintendedlowerrightcorner. Tip:[Link] anddraggingwillhave. 2. ClickTrimImage. SeealsoAddingafigurefromafile.

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Sourcesofsupport
Aboutsourcesofsupport
[Link] sourceofsupport.

TOADDASOURCEOFSUPPORT
1. ExpandtheSourcesofsupportheadingintheoutline. 2. [Link] SupportWizard. 3. Enterthenameofthesource,andselectthecountryfromthepulldownlist. 4. Ifyouwishtoaddadescriptionofthesource,clickNext,andtypethisintotheDescriptionbox.

TODELETEASOURCEOFSUPPORT
1. RightclickthesourceyouwishtodeleteandchooseDeleteSourceofSupport. 2. ClickYestoconfirmthedeletion.

TOREORDERSOURCESOFSUPPORT
TherightclickmenuletsyouMoveUp,MoveDown,MoveToandmore.

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Feedback
Aboutfeedback
Eachfeedbackelementconsistsofatitle,thedatethefeedbackwassubmitted,asummary,areplyfromthe authors,andinformationaboutthecontributorstothefeedbacksent. FormoreinformationonFeedbackinCochranereviewsseesection3.6oftheHandbook.

TOADDFEEDBACK
1. ClicktheFeedbackheadingintheoutlineandthenclicktheAddbuttonintheoutlinetoolbar. TheNewFeedbackWizardopens. 2. Enteratitleforthefeedbackelement. 3. ClickNext. 4. Enterthedatethefeedbackwassubmitted. SeetheDatessectionformoreinformationonhowtoenterdates. 5. ClickFinish. 6. AddthetextfortheSummary,ReplyandContributorssections. Theseareeditedlikeanyothertextsection.

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Reviewappendices
ReviewAppendices
[Link] toappendicesinthemaintext. Detailsofhowappendiceswillbepublishedwillbeaddedatalaterdate.

TOADDANAPPENDIX
1. RightclicktheAppendicesheadinginoutlineandchooseAddAppendix.

TOEDITANAPPENDIX
Thetextforanappendixiseditedinthesamewayasthetextofthereview,andyoucanuseallthesame functions.

TOCHANGEANAPPENDIXTITLE
1. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttothetitle. 2. EdittheTitle,andclickOK.

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Notes
Aboutnotes
TherearethreetypesofnotesinRevMan: Internalnotes Footnotes Publishednotes

Internalnotes
[Link] openingthereviewinRevMan,butwillnotbepublished. Toaddanote,usethecontextmenuandchooseNotes Sectionswithnoteswillshowaniconbothintheoutlineandinthemaintext. Toreadormodifyanote: clickthenoteicon,or usethecontextmenuandchooseNotes usethenotespane,see'Viewingallnotes'below

Todeleteanote,openitandclickDelete. Foreachnote,RevManwillberecordthedateandtimeitwaslastmodifiedandbywhom(ifthenameofthe userhasbeensetunderGeneralpreferences).

Viewingallnotes
Iyouwishtoseeallnotesforareview,youcanhavethesedisplayedatthebottomoftheTextofReviewtab.

TOSHOWTHENOTESPANE:
1. UseView>Notes. [Link], seeUsingRevMan.

Printingnotes
Youcanprintyournotesalongwiththetextorseparately,seePrintingreviews. SeealsoFootnotesandPublishednotes.

Footnotes
Youcanaddfootnotestothefollowingsections: Authors Tables Studydata

Footnoteswillbepublished.

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Checkingandvalidatingreviews
Checkingspelling
Therearetwowaystocheckthespellinginyourreview: asyoutype,withmisspellingbeingmarkeddirectlyinyourtext,or byrunningthespellcheckerandgoingthroughthemisspellingsfound.

Allsectionsofthereviewwillbeincludedinthespellcheck,butyoucanconfigurethespellcheckertoignore certainelements,seeSpellcheckingpreferences.

TOCHECKSPELLINGASYOUTYPE
1. [Link] redwavyunderlineintheTextofReviewtab. 2. Tocorrectamisspelling,dooneofthefollowing: Edittheworddirectlyintheinthetext. Rightclicktheword,andchooseoneofthesuggestedalternatives.

3. Ifamarkedwordiscorrectlyspelled,rightclickthewordandchooseeither: [Link] nexttimeyouopenRevMan,thewordwouldagainbeconsideredamisspelling. Addtoaddthewordtoyouruserdictionary(thewordwillbeacceptedfromnowon).

TORUNTHESPELLCHECKER
1. Placethecursoratthepointinthetextwhereyouwantthespellchecktostart. 2. UseTools>CheckSpelling. ThisopenstheCheckSpellingwindow,andidentifiesthefirstmisspellingfound. 3. Usetherelevantoptiontodooneofthefollowing: Changethewordtotheonehighlightedinthelistofsuggestions. Addthewordtoyouruserdictionary. Ignoretheword. Deletetheword.

Thespellcheckerthenmovestothenextpossiblemisspelling.

Validatingreviews
Ifareviewcontainsan'error'itwillnotbepublishedinTheCochraneLibrary.

Validationasyoutype
ClicktheValidatebuttononthetoolbartoturnonautomaticvalidationofyourreviewasyouworkonit. [Link], [Link],thiswillbereflectedforitsparent sections. Toquicklyseewhattheerrororwarningis,[Link] detailsusetheValidationreport.

Validationreport
Toseeadetailedreportofallerrorsandwarnings,useFile>Reports>ValidationReport.

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RevMan5UserGuide Thisreportcanbesavedandprintedusingthebuttonsinthelowerleft.

Statusreport
[Link],Plainlanguage [Link],Tables,Studiesandreferences,Feedback,Appendices,andatotalwordcount [Link],eachtypeofstudyandreferences,tables,figures,feedback andappendices.

TOOPENASTATUSREPORT
ChooseFile>Reports>StatusReport. Thereportcanbesavedandprintedusingthebuttonsinthelowerleft.

Countingwords
YoucanusetheWordCountfunctiontocountthenumberofwordsandcharactersinanyselectedtext.

TOCOUNTWORDS
1. Selectasectionoftext. 2. ChooseTools>WordCount TheStatusreportcontainswordcountsforallthemainreviewsections.

46

Sharingandsubmittingreviews
UsingArchietomanagereviews
TheArchieserveractsasyourReviewGroup'[Link] accessArchie,youneedpersonaluseraccount,whichyourReviewGroupcanhelpsetupforyou. Whenyouwanttoeditareview,youneedtocheckthereviewoutfromArchie,editit,thencheckitinto [Link],itisnotavailableforcheckoutbyanyotheruser,so [Link] system. Note:[Link] locallyandexchangedviaemailor,forexample,[Link],usingArchiehasseveralbenefits,including: SeealsoAuthoringandeditorialphase,Checkingin,Checkingout,Versions,Workingwithcoauthors Ensuringthateditsarealwaysmadetothemostuptodateversion. [Link] alldifferencesbetweenthem. Providingaccesstoallyourreviewsfromanycomputerwithaninternetconnection.

VersionsinArchie
Whenyousaveareviewtoalocalfilethepreviousversionisoverwrittenunlessyousaveitwithanewname [Link],whenyoucheckreviewsintoArchie,theyareversioned,meaningthatwheneveryou 'save'thereviewinArchiebycheckingitin,itisautomaticallysavedasanewversion. Archiehasseveralfeaturesrelatedtoreviewversions,butwhenyouareusingRevMan,itisquitesimple: [Link] version. Whenyoucheckoutareview,youwillalwaysgetthemostrecentversion.

VersionattributesinArchie
AreviewversioninArchiehasanumberofattributesthatarenotallshowninRevMan,butarelistedinfull hereforinformation: [Link] version. Versiondatethedatetheversionwascreated. Theversionpublicationstatuswhethertheversionisadraft,hasbeenmarkedorsubmittedfor publication,orispublished. Versiondescriptionthiscanbeusedtodescribewhatisuniqueabouteachversion. Apersonthepersonwhocreatedaversionisalwaysrecorded.

Authoringandeditorialphase
TheAuthoringandEditorialphasesarespecialattributesforreviewsinArchiethatdeterminewhocanedit [Link](andaReviewGroupsSuperUsers)canedit thereview,whiletheEditorialphasegivesaccesstothosewitheditorialroles.

47

RevMan5UserGuide

ReviewWritephase
AreviewhasanoverallWritePhasethatdetermineswhocancheckitoutandcheckitinagainineffectwho [Link],therighttoworkonthereviewcanbetransferred betweentheauthorteamandtheeditorialteam. Whenauthorssubmitareviewtotheeditorialbaseforapproval,[Link] preventstheauthorsfrommodifyingthereviewwhiletheeditorialteamisworkingwithit. Whenareviewhasbeenapprovedforpublication,itisusuallyreturnedtotheAuthoringphase,allowingthe authorstoaccessitforupdating. ReviewsthatyoucannotaccessbecauseoftheirWritePhasewillappearas'Locked'intheCheckOutwindow. SeeCheckingoutandCheckingin.

AccesstoviewingversionsinArchie
InadditiontotheoverallWritephaseofthereview,eachversionhasaseparateReadPhasethatdetermines whocanreadthatversion. Example:AreviewthatisintheEditorialWritePhasecanonlybecheckedoutandbackinbyeditorialusers, andwheneveraneditorialuserchecksthereviewin,theversioncreatedwillhavetheversionReadPhase [Link],soifanauthordecidestoviewthereviewsHistory,she cannotseethemostrecentversions(whichinthisexamplewouldbeeditorialdrafts),butonlythoseversion withanAuthoring(orShared,seebelow)Readphase. VersionsthathavechangedfromAuthoringtoEditorial,ortheopposite,willhavetheReadPhase'Shared'.This allowspeoplefromboththeauthorandtheeditorialteamtoview(butnotcheckout)[Link] thisattribute,authorswouldnotbeabletoseetheversionstheyjustsubmitted,becausetheversionswould havemovedtotheEditorialReadPhase.

Workingwithcoauthors
Withineachteamofauthors,[Link] possiblestrategiesareoutlinedbelow,butyoucancombineelementsfromeach,dependingonthe preferenceswithintheteam. Warning:avoidcombiningstrategiesinwaysthatwillleadtouncertaintyaboutwhohasthecurrentversionof areview.

Strategy1:UseArchie
AllauthorscheckthereviewbackintoArchiewhentheyarenotactivelyworkingonit.

Strategy2:Exchangefilesbyemail
TheleadauthorhasthereviewcheckedoutfromArchieandcoordinatescontributionfromtheotherauthors bysendingittothemindividually.

Submittingreviews
WhenyouarereadytosubmityourreviewtoyourReviewGroup,youcandothisintwoways: Thepreferredwayistocheckinthereview,andchoosetheSubmitforEditorialApprovaloptionas partofthecheckin. Savethefileandsenditasanemailattachment.

Checkingout
WhenyoucheckoutareviewfromArchie,youalwaysgetthelatestversionofit,anditbecomeslockedso [Link] relevantArchiedocumentrolefor(butsomeeditorialbasestaffwillhavewiderpermissions).

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Sharingandsubmittingreviews

TOCHECKOUTAREVIEW
1. ClicktheCheckOutbutton onthetoolbar. [Link] [Link] thanthestandardserver([Link]),[Link] preferencesformoreonserversettings. 2. IfyouwishtoonlyseereviewsfromaparticularReviewGroup,choosethegroupfromtheReview Grouppulldownlist. 3. Clickthereviewyouwishtocheckout. Youcanonlycheckoutreviewsthatarelistedas'Available',orarecheckedoutbyyourself,see 'Reviewavailability'below. Tip:Tosortthereviewsbyoneoftheattributes,clicktherelevantcolumnheader. 4. Ifyouknowthatyouonlyneedtolookatthereview,andwillnotbemakingchangesthatshouldbe checkedbackinagain,selecttheoptiontoDownloadaCopyoftheReviewWithoutCheckingitOut. 5. ClickOK. Ifyouarecheckingoutareview,aconfirmationwindowwillappear(thiscanbedisabledunder Generalpreferences). TheCheckoutwindowclosesandthereviewisretrievedfromtheserver. Warning:Ifyouarenolongeractivelyworkingonareview,remembertocheckitbackinagain,sothatother peoplecanworkwithit. Tip:Inrarecasesyoumayneedtoreverttoapreviousversionofareview,[Link] so,youshouldcontactyourReviewGroup,whowillbeabletoarrangethis.

Reviewavailability
Areview'savailabilityonArchiedetermineswhetheryoucancheckitout. Availability Available Checkedoutbyyou Description Thereviewiscurrentlynotcheckedoutbyanybody,andinaWritePhase thatgivesyouaccess. Youhavealreadycheckedthisreviewout,butyoucancheckitoutagain. Thismaybeusefulifyoudonothavealocalcopyofthereview,orwishto reverttotheversionyouoriginallycheckedout. [Link],you mustviewthereview'spropertiesinArchie. Thereview'[Link] andeditorialphase.

Checkedout Locked

Tip:Ifareviewisunavailableforcheckout,youcanstilldownloaditasacopy. SeealsoUsingArchietomanagereviews.

Checkingin
Whenyoucheckinareview,itistransferredfromRevMantoArchie,[Link] reviewbecomesavailableforcheckoutbyothers,andmessagesmaybesentout. Ifyouchoosetosubmitthereviewforeditorialapproval,theWritePhaseofthereviewwillchangetoEditorial, meaningthatyoucannotmodifythereviewwhiletheReviewGroupisworkingwithit. 49

RevMan5UserGuide

TOCHECKINAREVIEW
1. ClicktheCheckinbutton onthemaintoolbar. [Link] [Link]([Link]),the [Link]. 2. Enteraversiondescription. [Link] automaticallyrecorded,[Link] includeschangesmadebyotherpersons,youcanincludetheirinitials. 3. Dooneofthefollowing: Ifyouwishtocheckinaversionthatisstillbeingdrafted,youcanclickFinishatthispoint. Thereviewischeckedinandthewizardcloses. Ifyouwishtosubmitthereviewforeditorialapprovalorincludeamessagewiththecheckin, clickNext

4. Tosubmitthereviewforeditorialapproval,selectSubmitforEditorialApproval. Note:WhenyouusethisoptionthereviewwillmovieintotheEditorialphase,preventingyoufrom [Link]. 5. ClickNext. Ifyouaresubmittingthereview,[Link],it [Link], clickOKtoviewthevalidationreport. 6. Typeinamessage(optional). ThemessagewillgotothosemembersofyourReviewGroupthathavechosentoreceivecheckin messages. 7. ClickFinish. Aconfirmationdialogappears,showingabriefreportfromArchie. Tip:IfyouneedtotakeactionbasedontheinformationintheCheckinreport,youmaywanttop [Link],clickCopyText. 8. ClickOK. Note:AlthoughRevManclosesthereviewwhenyoucheckitin,anycopiesthatyousavedlocallywillremain onyourcomputer. SeealsoUsingArchietomanagereviews,Versions

50

Storingreviewslocally
Savingversionsofreviewslocally
Youcanstoreyourreviewsintwoways: Overtheinternet,[Link]. Locally,bysavingthereviewasafileonyourcomputer(oraconnecteddevice,suchasamemory stick).

ThepreferredmethodforstoringandsharingCochranereviewsistouseArchie,andwheneveryouworkona CochraneReview,itshouldbethemostrecentversion,[Link] generallybeingstoredandmanagedonArchie,theremightbetimeswhenyouprefertoworkonit,orto exchangeit,asalocalfile. Note:EvenifyouworkprimarilybystoringyourreviewsonArchie,alocalbackupwillalsobesavedatregular [Link]. Somesituationswherestoringreviewslocallycanbeusefulare: Ifyouwillbewithoutaninternetconnectionforawhilebutneedtobeabletoworkonthereview. Ifyouaresurethatnooneelsewillneedtoworkonthereviewforsometime. IfyourdocumentisnotaCochranereview.

Warning:IfyouworkonalocallystoredcopyofareviewthatiscurrentlynotcheckedoutfromArchie,other [Link] cases,[Link] warningyouifopenaCochranereviewthathasnotbeencheckedoutfromArchie. SeeOpeningareviewandSavingareview.

Openingareview
Youcanopenreviewsinfourformats: '.rm5'isthestandardfileformatusedbyRevMan5forsavingreviews. '.rm4'isthefileformatusedbyRevMan4forexportingoneormorereviews. Note:OnlytheWindowsversionofRevMan5canopen.rm4files,andonlyiftheproperODBCdriver isinstalledonyoursystem.Ifyoutrytoopenarm4file,anddonothavethisdriver,anerrormessage willinformyouhowtoobtainthedriver. Ifyouopenan.rm4filethatcontainsmultiplereviews,[Link] youwishtoopentheotherreviewsinsuchafile,youmustimportthefiletoRevMan4andexportthe reviewsassinglefiles. '.r4x'isafileformatusedbyRevMan4.3andArchieforexchangingsinglereviews. '.xml'isagenericfileformatusedbymanydifferentapplications.ArchieandRevMan4.3used'.xml' forreviewfilesinthepast,butthiswaschangedto'.r4x'.RevMancanonlyopen'.xml'filesthatwere createdbyArchieorRevMan4.3.

TOOPENAREVIEW:
1. ClicktheOpenbuttononthetoolbar. TheOpenwindowwillshowthelastlocationwhereyouopenedorsavedafile. 2. ChoosethefiletoopenandclickOpen. Tip:UseFile>Recentfilestochoosefromthemostrecentlyusedreviews.

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RevMan5UserGuide

Savingareview
[Link] informationonwhentodothis.

TOSAVEAREVIEW
ClicktheSavebutton onthemaintoolbar. Ifitisthefirsttimeyousavethisreview,youwillbeaskedtospecifyafilename(RevManwillsuggestthe review'stitle).Ifyouhavepreviouslysavedthisreview,theexistingfilewillbeoverwritten.

TOSAVEAREVIEWWITHANEWFILENAME
ChooseFile>SaveAs. Youwillbeaskedtospecifyafilename. [Link] reviewinvariousotherformats,seeExportingtext,ExportingreferencesandExportingdata.

Localbackups
Whileyouhaveareviewopen,RevManwillsavealocalbackupofitatregularintervals.Thedefaultisevery10 minutes,butthiscanbechangedunderFilespreferences. Ifyourcomputercrashessothatyourreviewisnotsavedsuccessfully,youwillbegiventheoptiontoopenthe latestbackupofthereviewthenexttimeyouopenRevMan. RevManbackupfilesareordinaryrm5fileswithfilename'backupXXXXX.rm5'[Link] [Link],ormodify,thelocationunderFiles preferences. Backupfilesinthecurrentlyspecifiedbackupdirectoryareautomaticallydeletedafter7days(bydefault). Ifyouneedtoaccessabackupfile,[Link] [Link],saveitwithadifferentfilename,oryou willriskthatitisdeletedaspartoftheremovalofoldbackupfiles.

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Printing
Printingreviews
Whenyouprintareview,youcanchoosewhichsectionstoincludeintheprintout,andaprintmodethat controlshowthosesectionsarepresented. Forexample,youcancreateaprintoutthatcontainsbothcontentandnotes,butonlyforthefortheResults andFiguressections.

TOPRINTAREVIEW
1. ClickthePrintbuttononthetoolbar. ThePrintwindowopens. 2. Selecttheprintmode. Tip:UsePreviewtoseewhatinformationtheselectedmodecontains. Ifyourselectedmodedoesnotapplyforparticularsections,thosesectionswillbegrayedoutinthe SectionstoPrintpane 3. Selectthesectionstoprint. Youcandeselectorselectsectionsbyclickingthecheckboxinfrontofthem. Tip:Ifyouonlywishtoincludeafewsectionsinyourprintout,beginbydeselectingallsections(using thetoplevelsection,[Link]),andthenselecttheonesyouwant. 4. ClickOK. ThePrintwindowopens. 5. ClickPrint. SeealsoPagesetup,PrintpreviewandPrintingsinglesections.

Printpreview
TOOPENAPRINTPREVIEW
1. OpenthePrintwindow. 2. ClickPreview.

Previewoptions
Mostofthepreviewoptionswillonlyaffecthowthepreviewispresented,nothowthereviewisactually [Link],whichwillbeusedifyouprintfrom withinthepreviewwindow. FitandZoom SelectingtheFitoptionwillautomaticallyscalethepreviewpagesoitfitsinthepreviewwindow. Tospecifyaspecificscaling,selectZoomandeither: Typeinavalueinthefieldandpressentertoapplyit. Usethepulldownlisttochoosefrompresetvalues. Usetheupordownarrowstoincreaseordecreasethescaleinstepsoften.

Margins Selectingthiswillhighlightthemargins. Size Selectingthiswilldisplaythecurrentpapersizeatthebottomofthewindow. 53

RevMan5UserGuide Grayscale Ifyouarenotprintingincolour,usethisoptiontohavethisreflectedinthepreview. Navigation Therearefourarrowsthatletyounavigatethoughthepagesofthepreview:Previous,Next,FirstandLast. Orientation [Link] withinthepreviewwindow. PageSetup [Link] temporaryandwillonlyaffecttheprintoutifyouusethePrintfunctionfromwithinthepreviewwindow. Print Thiswillprintthereview.

Printingsinglesections
Theprintdialogallowsyoutospecify(seePrintingreviews)[Link] printasinglereviewsection,youcanusethePrintbuttonontheoutlinetoolbartoonlyhavethatsection selectedinthePrintWindow. Toprintasinglefigure,datatableorgraph,youcanalsousetheseparatePrintbuttononthatelement'stabor window.

Pagesetup
[Link] changesyoumakeherewillnotaffecttheappearanceofthepublishedreview.

TOMODIFYTHEPAGESETUP
1. ChooseFile>PageSetup. ThePageSetupwindowopens. 2. Specifythechangesyouwantbyusingtheoptionsonthethreetabs. 3. ClickOK Tip:usePrintpreviewtoquicklyseetheeffectyoupagesetupchangeshave.

Pageoptions
OnthePageSetuptabyoucanspecify: Whichprintertouse. Thepapersize Thepageorientation Themargins.

TheContenttabletsyouchoose: [Link]. Thepadding. Variousadvancedoptions.

TheNotestabisusedformodifyingthepageheaderandfooter.

54

Preferences
Preferences
ToopenthePreferenceswindow,chooseTools>Preferences. ThePreferenceswindowisdividedintofivetabs: Generalpreferences Filespreferences Interfacepreferences Spellcheckingpreferences Connectionpreferences

Generalpreferences
TheGeneraltabispartofthePreferenceswindow.

User'srealname
Inputyournametohaveitrecordedforallchangesyoumake,forexampleusingTrackchanges. YoucanusetheChoosebuttontolinktoyourrecordinArchie.

Miscellaneous
CheckforUpdatestoRevMan [Link] optiontospecifyhowfrequentlythisshouldbedone. UndoHistorySize [Link],themoreof youcomputer'[Link]'sperformance [Link]. Showwarningifopenedfileshavenotbeencheckedoutfromserver EnablethistoreceiveawarningwheneveryouworkonareviewthatexistsonArchie,butisnotcheckedout byyou. Note:RevManneedstoconnecttoArchietoverifythis,sothisfunctiononlyworksofyouhaveareconnected totheInternet. Showwarningwhencheckingoutreviews Controlswhetherawindowallowingyoutodownloadacopyinsteadisshownwhenyoucheckoutreviews. Validateformatofopenedfiles [Link] thesamechecksasthereviewvalidation. Warning:onlydisablethistemporarilyfortroubleshooting.

Filespreferences
TheFilestabispartofthePreferenceswindow.

55

RevMan5UserGuide

Workingdirectory
TheworkingdirectorysettingdetermineswhatlocationSaveandOpenwindowsopento. ReuseLastDirectory Usethelocationwhereyoulastopenedorsavedafile. UseDefaultDirectory Specifyadirectorythatwillalwaysbeused

Backup
SaveBackupFileEvery [Link]. DaystoKeepBackupFiles Thenumberofdaysfilesinthebackupdirectoryareretained. BackupDirectory Thelocationusedforbackupfiles.

Recentfiles
MaximumNumberofRecentLocalFiles ThenumberoflocalfilesshownunderFiles>[Link]. MaximumNumberofRecentCheckedInFiles ThenumberofcheckedinreviewsfilesshownunderFiles>[Link] thislist.

Interfacepreferences
TheInterfacetabispartofthePreferenceswindow. LookandFeel UsethistochangetheappearanceofRevMan'[Link] operatingsystemyouareusing. StyleSheet Usethistochangetheappearanceofthemaintext,[Link] [Link] RevMan;itdoesnotmodifythereviewsinanyway. Language ThelanguageusedinRevMan'sinterface. Date,Time,andNumberStyle [Link] arestoredorpublishedreviews,oraffectthepublishedversion.

ExpandandCollapseSections
Allowtextsectionstobecollapsed/expanded Enablethistobeabletocollapseandexpandtextsections. Opendocumentswithallsectionscollapsed [Link].

56

Preferences Note:Whenopeningextremelylongreviews,RevManwilldisregardthissettingandautomaticallycollapse somesections.

Miscellaneous
ShowAddbuttonsintextofreview EnablethistoseeAddbuttonsattheendofsectionswhereyoucanaddelements. Showunpublishedsectionsasgreyedout [Link]. Renameoutlineitemswithtwoseparatemouseclicks. Ifthisisenabled,youcanrenameitemsbyclickingtheitemintheoutlinesoitbecomeshighlightedandthen clickingitagain(butnosofastitcountsasadoubleclick). Smoothedgesofscreenfonts Appliesantialiasingtoalltexttomaketheedgesappearsmoother. OnOpen,Expandoutlineto Determineshowmanylevelsareexpandedintheoutlinewhenareviewisopened. SizeofTextinOutline Determinesthefontsizeusedintheoutlinepane.

Spellcheckingoptions
TheSpellCheckingtabispartofthePreferenceswindow.

Dictionaries
[Link],so onlyenablebothsetsifyouhaveavalidreason. Userdictionaryfile Thisfilestoresallwordsyouaddtothespellchecker. Toresettheuserdictionarytothedefault,[Link] newfilethenexttimeyourunthespellchecker.

Preferences
Setoptionsfor: Textthatshouldbeignored. Whetherdoubledwordsandcaseshouldbetakenintoaccount. [Link]"largescale"shouldbesuggestedfor "largescale".

SeealsoCheckingspelling.

ConnectionPreferences
[Link] [Link]. [Link] startthewizard,clicktheWizardbutton.

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RevMan5UserGuide Server TherearethreeserversRevMancanconnectto: [Link],alsocalledtheLiveserver,isthemainserverthatisusedformanagingand [Link] theyhavebeeninstructedotherwise. [Link] [Link],RevManusersshouldnotusethe Testserverunlesstheyarehelpingtotestnewfunctionalitythatistobeintroducedtotheliveserver atalaterstage. [Link], andbyCRGstotryoutArchiefunctionalitywithouttheriskofintroducingmistakesintheirlivedata.

Username YourArchieusername. Password YourArchiepassword. SaveUsernameandpasswordwhenRevManisclosed SelectthistohaveRevManrememberyourusernameandpasswordbetweensessions. Warning:onlyusethisoptionifyouaretheonlypersonusingthecomputer,orifyoulogontothecomputer usingapersonaluseraccount.

Testingtheconnection
[Link] nameandpasswordisrecognised.

Proxyservers
[Link],itmaybenecessarytoenterthe [Link],askyour networkadministratorfortheproxyserverinformation. Ifyouareusingaproxy,remembertoincludetheport,e.g."8080". SeealsothetechnicalguideforinstallationandconnectionsettingsavailablefromtheRevManwebsiteat [Link]/RevMan.

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Exporting
Exportingtext
[Link] Reviewtab.

TOEXPORTTEXT
1. UseFile>Export>TextofReview. TheSavedialogwindowopens. 2. Specifyafilenameandlocation. 3. ClickOK. TheexportwillcreateaHTMLfilewiththenameyouspecified,and,inthesamelocation,animagefileforeach figureinthereview.

Exportingreferences
Referencescanbeexportedintwoformats: RevManformat. RISformat.

BeforebeginningtheexportfromRevMan,youshouldverifythecapabilitiesofthesoftwareyouwishto importthereferencesto.

TOEXPORTDATA
1. UseFile>Export>[Link]. 2. Followtheguidanceprovidedinthewizard,anduseNexttomovethroughthesteps. 3. [Link]. 4. [Link].

Exportingdata
[Link](CommaSeparatedValues)formatisacommonformatthat manyapplications,[Link],youshouldverifythe capabilitiesofthesoftwareyouwishtoimportthedatato. Tip:usingthedefaultoptionssuggestbyRevManwillcreateafilethatcanbeimportedbyExcel2000,Excel 2003,etc.

TOEXPORTDATA
1. UseFile>Export>[Link]. 2. Followtheguidanceprovidedinthewizard,anduseNexttomovethroughthesteps. 3. [Link]. 4. [Link].

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Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews
Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytables
Inreviewsofdiagnostictestaccuracy,eachincludedstudyhasanAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytable, [Link]: Amethodologicalqualityitem,e.g.'Acceptablereferencestandard?'. Tip:Toseetheunderlyingquestioninfull,pausethecursorovertheitemtodisplayatooltiptext. Theauthors'judgmentforthatitem,whereYesindicatesalowriskofbias. Adescriptionthatexplainshowthejudgmentwasreached.

Youcanchoosebetweenanumberofpredefinedmethodologicalqualityitems,andalsoaddyourown. SeetheHandbookforadescriptionofthevariouspredefineditems. TheAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytablesarecalledRiskofbiastablesininterventionreviews.

TOACTIVATEANITEM
1. Openthepropertiesforthemethodologicalqualitytable. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttothe'Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytable'heading. 2. Choosetheitemyouwishtoactivate. [Link],whileuser defineditemsareblack. 3. Iftheitemmustbeassessedatthetestlevel,[Link]'Studyortestlevel qualityassessment'below. 4. ChecktheActivatedbox. Iftheboxisgrayedout,thisisbecauseoutcomegroupshavenotyetbeenspecified,seeabove. 5. ClickOK. [Link] groups,therewillbearowforeach.

Userdefinedcharacteristics
TheAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytablehasapredefinedsetofstandardcharacteristics,butyoucan alsoadduserdefinedcharacteristics.

TOADDAUSERDEFINEDITEM
1. Openthepropertiesforthemethodologicalqualitytable. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttothe'Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytable'heading. 2. Addthenewitem. ClicktheAddbuttonbeneaththelefthandpane. Theitemwillbecreatedwiththedefaultname'Newitem'. 3. EditthenameintheItemfield. 4. InputtheFullQuestion. 5. Specifytheassessmentlevel(studyortest,seebelow). 6. Activatetheitem(seeabove). 7. ClickOK.

Studyortestlevelqualityassessment
Someitemsareassessedforthestudyasawhole(e.g.'Acceptablereferencestandard?')whileothersmustbe assessedatthetestlevel(e.g.'Wherewithdrawalsfromthestudyexplained?').

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Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Formoreinformationontherationaleanduseofmethodologicalqualityitemsontestorstudylevel,seethe Handbook. Toenableassessmentbytest,thevariousindexandcomparatortestsshouldhavebeendefinedunderData tablesbytest. Iftheitemmustbeassessedatthetestlevel,addoneormoretestlevelgroups.

TOADDATESTLEVELGROUP
1. Openthepropertiesforthemethodologicalqualitytable. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttothe'Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytable'heading. 2. Highlighttheitemyouwishtochange. 3. [Link]'All tests'[Link](byrepeatedlyclickingtheAdd button). 4. Modifythelabelofeach(groupof)test(s)andchoosethetest(s)thatshouldbepartofthegroupfrom thelistthatappearsbelowbytickingtheboxinfrontofeachtest. 5. ChecktheActivatedbox. Iftheboxisgrayedout,itisbecausetestgroupshavenotyetbeenspecified,seeabove. 6. ClickOK. [Link] groups,therewillbearowforeach.

Dataandanalysesindiagnosticreviews
RevMancancalculatesensitivityandspecificity,plotstudydatainaROCplaneanddrawasummaryROCcurve fordescriptiveandexploratorypurposes. Beforeyoucanbeginanalyzingyourdata,youmusthaveaddedthestudiestotheIncludedStudiessection. Youcanthensettheupthedatatablesforeachtestthatyouwanttoincludeinyourreviewbycreatingtests andlinkingthemtostudies,seeConstructingdatatables. Youcanalsoaddcovariates,ifyouwouldliketoseehowtheresultsdifferbetweensubgroupsofstudies,orif youwanttoincludethesecovariatesinyourregressionanalyses(seeAnalyses). Tip:Ifyoudefineyourcovariatesbeforeyoubeginenteringdata,thecovariatescanbeenteredsimultaneously withtherestofthedata,sothatyouwillnotneedtogobackandcheckthedatainstudieslater. OnceyourdatatableshavebeensetupyoucanbeginEnteringdata. Toanalysethedata,youmustsetupanalyses,seeAnalysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews.

Constructingdatatables
[Link] thedatatablesintwoways: pertest,byaddingstudiesthatreportdataaboutthattest,or perstudy,byaddingthetestsreportedinthatstudy.

RevManhastwosectionsthatbothrepresentthesameunderlyingstructure:'Datatablesbytest'and'Data tablebystudy'.Asyoumodifyonesection,RevManautomaticallyupdatesthecorrespondingsection. YoumusthaveaddedstudiestotheIncludedStudiessectionbeforeyoucanbeginconstructingthedata tables.

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RevMan5UserGuide

TOCREATEATEST
1. RightclicktheDataTablesbyTestheadingintheoutlinepane(underDataandanalyses)andchoose AddTest. TheNewTestWizardopens. 2. Enteranameforthetest. YoucanaddafullnameforthetestintheFullNamefield. 3. ClickNext. 4. Enteradescriptionofthetest. 5. ClickFinish. [Link] notyetbeenaddedtoit. Ifyoulateronwishmodifythetest,rightclickitandchooseProperties. Beforeyoucanenterthetestdata,[Link] studies.

TOLINKSTUDIESTOATEST
1. RightclickthetestintheoutlinepaneandchooseAddTestData. TheAddTestDataWizardopens. 2. Selectthestudiesforwhichyouwanttobeabletoadddata. UseCtrlclick(CommandclickonMacOS)[Link] onceforthetest,[Link]. 3. ClickFinish.

TOLINKTESTSTOASTUDY
1. RightclickthestudyintheoutlinepaneandchooseAddTestData. TheAddTestDataWizardopens. 2. Selectthetestsforwhichyouwanttobeabletoadddata. UseCtrlclick(CommandclickonMacOS)[Link] forthestudy,thiswillbeshown. 3. ClickFinish. Afteryouhavesetupthedatatables,[Link].

Covariates
Youcanaddcovariatesifyouwouldliketoseehowtheresultsdifferbetweensubgroupsofstudiesorifyou wanttoincludethesecovariatesinyourregressionanalyses(seeAnalysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews).Itmay [Link] simultaneouslywiththerestofthedata(insteadofgoingbackandaddingcovariatedataforthestudies afterwards).

TOADDACOVARIATE
1. RightclicktheCovariatesheadingintheoutlineandchooseAddCovariate. TheAddCovariateWizardopens. 2. Enterthenameofthecovariateandamoredetaileddescription. 3. Selectwhetheryouwanttoenterthedataforthiscovariateatthestudyortestlevel. 4. Selectwhetheritisadichotomousoracontinuouscovariate. 5. ChooseatypeofcovariatedataandclickNext. Therearetwodatatypes:

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Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Forcontinuouscovariates,youmustenteradefaultvalue. Forcategoricalcovariates,[Link] [Link],usethepulldownlisttospecifythedefault category.

IfyouwouldliketobeabletoshowsubgroupsintheSROCpane,youshouldchoosethecategorical data. 6. ClickFinish. [Link] bytestorthedatatablesbystudy. Note:Althoughyoumaywanttoexploretheeffectofcertainqualityitemsandwouldliketoaddtheseas covariates,[Link] CharacteristicsofIncludedStudies.

CovariateProperties
Youcanenterandmodifyinformationaboutthecovariatesyouwouldliketoaddviathecovariateproperties windows.

TOMODIFYCOVARIATEPROPERTIES
1. RightclickthecovariateandchooseProperties. TheCovariatePropertieswindowopenstotheGeneraltab. 2. Changetheshortnameorfullnameofthetestasneeded. 3. Selectwhetheryouwanttoaddthevaluesforthecovariate forallstudiesandforonetestor perstudyforalltests.

4. Tospecifythetypeofcovariate(continuousorcategorical),clicktheTypetab. Forcontinuouscovariates,youmustenteradefaultvalue. Forcategoricalcovariates,[Link]. Whenallcategorieshavebeencreated,usethepulldownlisttospecifythedefaultcategory. 5. ClickOK.

Enteringdata
Youcanenterthedataforeachtestthatyouwanttoincludeinyourreviewintwoways: perstudy,foralltestsreportedinthatstudy,or pertest,forallstudiesthatreportdataaboutthattest.

Ifyouhavemanyincludedstudiesandonlyafewtests,enteringthedatabytestwillbeeasiest,andviceversa. Regardlessofwhichoptionyouchoose,RevManautomaticallyalsousesinthedataintheothersection. Tip:Ifyoudefinecovariatesbeforeyoubeginenteringdata,thecovariatescanbeenteredsimultaneouslywith therestofthedata,seeCovariates. Thefollowingsectiondescribesenteringdatabytest,butthesameprinciplesapplywhenenteringdataper study.

Enteringdatabytest
Thetest'stabwillhavearowforeachstudy.Thereare4ormorecolumnsinthistablewhereyoucanenter data:data:truepositives(TP),falsepositives(FP),falsenegatives(FN)andtruenegatives(TN)plusacolumn foreachcovariateyouhavespecified. IfyouknowTP,FP,FNandTNforallincludedstudiesyoucandirectlyinputthedatainthetable.

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RevMan5UserGuide

TOENTERDATA
1. Clickinthecellwhereyouwanttobeginenteringdata. 2. Inputthedata. 3. Movetothenextcellandrepeat. YoucanusetheTabkeytomovetothefollowingdatacell,orusethearrowkeystomoveinany direction. Whenyouhavefinishedinputtingthedataforeachstudy,RevManautomaticallycalculatesthevaluesof sensitivityandspecificityandplotstheforestplotsofsensitivityandspecificity.

Calculatingdata
Ifyouonlyknowsomeofthevaluesofthe2by2tablesforanincludedstudy,youcanusethecalculatortool toobtainthe2by2Tablefromotherparameters,suchassensitivityandspecificity.

TOCALCULATEDATA
1. ClicktheCalculatorbutton. 2. Inputthedatayouhave. Ifthenumberyouenterisvalid,thetextintheboxisgreen,butifthereisanerrorinthedata,the [Link],youshouldentersensitivityandspecificityasproportionsandnotas [Link],0.74insteadof74or74%.Ifyouenter74,thecellturnsred. 3. Thecalculatorenterstheotherdataautomatically. 4. Movetothenextcellandrepeat. Tip:YoucanusetheTabkeytomovetothefollowingdatacell. 5. ClickOK.

Analysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews
Beforeananalysiscanbeperformed,youmusthavecompletedthesesteps: Includedstudies. Constructeddatatables. Entereddata.

TOADDANANALYSES
1. RightclickAnalysesunderDataandAnalysesintheoutlineandchooseAddAnalysis. TheNewAnalysisWizardopens. 2. EnteraNamefortheanalysis. 3. ClickNext. 4. Selecttheanalysistypeandanyteststoinclude. 5. ClickFinish. Afteryouhavespecifiedthenameandbasicpropertiesofananalysis,youcanprovidedetailsoftheanalysis usingtheAnalysisproperties.

AnalysisProperties TOFURTHERSPECIFYORMODIFYANANALYSIS
1. RightclickonaspecificanalysisundertheAnalysesheadingintheoutlineandchooseProperties TheAnalysispropertieswindowopens. 2. Edittheinformationinthefourtabs: 64

Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Generalforeditingthenameofanalyses,thetypeoftestanalysesandthedatathatwillbe usedintheanalyses. SROCplotforeditingthefeatureofSROCplot,[Link],ascaleofsizeof pointsinSROCplot,weightsofanalysis. [Link],covariateson theforestplotandsortstudieswithintheforestplot. Sourceofheterogeneityforspecifyingsubgroupanalyses.

3. ClickOK. AnalysesProperties:Generaltab Singletestanalysisisforanalyzingtheaccuracyofasingleindextest. Multipletestanalysisisforanalyzingandvisualizingtheaccuracyoftwoormoreindextests. [Link] restricttheanalysestothosestudieswhichhavereporteddataonallindextests. SelectInvestigateSourcesofHeterogeneityifyouwanttoexamineaccuracybysubgroupsofstudies. UnderTests,youcanselectwhichdatatablestoincludeintheanalysis. AnalysesProperties:SROCplottab YoucanspecifythecharacteristicsoftheSROCanalysis. DisplaySROCcurvesdetermineswhetherornottodrawaSROCcurve. DisplayStudyPointscontrolswhetherthepairsofsensitivityandspecificityofindividualstudieswillbe displayedintheROCplot. SymmetrydetermineswhethertodrawaSROCcurvethatissymmetricalaroundthelinerunningfromthe upperlefttolowerrightcorneroftheSROCgraph(=constantoddsratiomodel)orasymmetric(=oddsratiois allowedtovarywiththreshold). UseSpecificityRangetospecifytherangeofspecificitiesoverwhichtheSROCcurvewillbedrawn. UseWeightforAnalysistospecifythetypeofweighttobeusedintheSROCanalysis. UseScaleforSizeofPointstospecifywhetherindividualstudypointsaredisplayedwithequalsizemarkersor markerswheretheirsizesreflecteitherdifferencesinsamplesize,[Link] differentmarkersaccordingtothevalueofacovariate. AnalysesProperties:Forestplottab [Link] [Link] providesasimplerepresentationoftheamountofvariationamongresultsofdifferentstudies. Thefollowingcharacteristicsofaforestplotcanbechanged: QualityItemsDisplayedonForestplotToaddinformationaboutspecificqualityitemsofindividualstudiesto theforestplot. CovariatesDisplayedonForestplotToaddinformationaboutcertaincovariatesofindividualstudiestothe forestplot. [Link] accordingtovariousfactors,includingtheheightofsensitivityorspecificity,yearofpublication,qualityitemor anyothercovariateyouhavespecified.

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RevMan5UserGuide AnalysesProperties:Sourcesofheterogeneitytab [Link] [Link] formaltestingsuchaspvalueswillbecalculatedinthisversionofRevMantodeterminewhetherresultsare [Link]. Subgroupsofstudiescanbebasedonqualityitemsorbasedonanyotherspecifiedcovariate.

TOCREATEANANALYSISSHOWINGSUBGROUPSINROCPLANE
1. Addanumberofcovariatesusingcategoricaldata. SeeCovariates. 2. Openthedatatableforthetest. SeeEnteringdata. 3. Assignthecategories. Thereisacolumnforeachcovariate. 4. Createanewanalysis,settousetheInvestigateSourcesofHeterogeneityoption. 5. OpenthePropertiesfortheanalysisandgototheSourcesofHeterogeneitytab. 7. SelecttheCovariateoption,andusethepulldownlisttochooseacovariate. 8. ClickApply.

AdditionalanalysisusingresultsfromoutsideRevMan
IntheAnalysiscontentpanethereisalsotheoptiontomakeadditionalfiguresbasedontheresultsofmore complexmodels,liketheHSROCandBivariatemodel(seetheCochraneHandbookforSystematicReviewsof DiagnosticTestAccuracy).ThesemorecomplexmodelscannotbefittedinRevMan,butyoucanperformthese analysesinanexternalstatisticalpackageandthenimporttheresultsintoRevMan. Externallycalculatedparameters Youchooseamodelforcreateacorresponding95%[Link] models: [Link] HereyoucanenterthefiveparametersoftheHSROCmodel: Lambdaaccuracyparameter. Thetacutpointparameter. Betashapeparameter. Var(accuracy)varianceofaccuracyparameter. Var(threshold)varianceofthresholdparameter.

[Link] foundinRutteretal(2001).Basedontheseparametersa(new)summaryROCcurveandasummarypointwill bedrawn. [Link] Youcanenterthesixparametersofthebivariatemodel: 66 E(logitSe)expectedmeanvalueoflogittransformedsensitivity. E(logitSp)expectedmeanvalueoflogittransformedspecificity. Var(logitSe)betweenstudyvarianceoflogittransformedsensitivity. Var(logitSp)betweenstudyvarianceoflogittransformedspecificity. Cov(logits)covariancebetweenlogittransformedsensitivityandspecificity

Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Corr(logits)correlationbetweenlogittransformedofsensitivityandspecificity

[Link] modelcanbefoundinReitsmaetal.(2005) References: [Link],GlasAS,RutjesAWS,ScholtenRJPM,BossuytPM,[Link] [Link] Epidemiology.2005;58(10):98290. [Link],[Link] [Link].2001;20(19):286584.

CREATINGCONFIDENCEANDPREDICTIONREGIONS
Basedontheresultsofthebivariatemodel,youcanalsocreate95%confidenceellipseforthemeanvalueof sensitivityandspecificityorshowthe95%predictionellipsethatislikelytocontainthetruevaluesofanew [Link]: SE(E(logitSe))standarderroroftheexpectedmeanvalueoflogittransformedsensitivity. SE(E(logitSp))standarderroroftheexpectedmeanvalueoflogittransformedofspecificity. Cov(Es)covariancebetweenexpectedmeanlogitsensitivityandspecificity Studiesthenumberofstudiesintheanalysis.

[Link]: Toobtainasummarycurve,clickcheckboxinfontofDisplaysummarycurve. Toobtainasummarypoint,clickcheckboxinfontofDisplaysummarypoint. Toobtaina95%confidenceregion,clickcheckboxinfontofDisplay95%confidenceregion. Toobtaina95%predictionregion,clickcheckboxinfontofDisplay95%predictionregion.

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Appendices
Appendix1:ChangesfromRevMan4
Interfacechanges Theinterfacehasbeencompletelyrebuilt,andthemostimportantchangesare: RevManisnowdocumentbased,sothateditingareviewismorelikeworkingonasingledocument. [Link] useofsubheadings,embeddingtablesinthetext,andtheuseofnestedlists(listswithinlists) TrackChangesandanotesystemtomakecollaboratingonarevieweasier. Anadvancedundosystemthatallowsyoutoundoeverythingfromsmalltexteditstothedeletionof wholestudiesandcomparisons. Realtimespellcheckingandvalidationofreviewstohelpminimizeerrors. Theabilitytoreorganiseelementsusingsimplemoveandrenumberfunctions. FunctionsforconnectingtotheArchieserverandusingitfordocumentstorageandexchange, allowingauthors,membersoftheeditorialteam,andeditorstoaccessthecorrectversionofthe review.

Changestoreviewstructure Maintext Newstructureforthemaintext. Thetitleandthetextfortheplainlanguagesummaryarestoredinseparatefields. Appendicescanbeincluded,witheachappendixhavingitsownidentifier,nameandcontent.

Textsections Moreformattingoptionsinmoresections. Linksavailableforindividualgraphs,tables,feedback,appendicesandwebsites. Userdefinedtablescanbeembeddedinthetext. Headingstylesforuserdefinedsubheadings. Ordered(numbered)lists. Nestedlists(listswithinlists). Morespecialcharacters,includingtheEurocharacter(),available. SimpleTrackChangesfunctionality. NewsectiontodescribethedifferencesbetweentheProtocolandtheFullReview.

ReviewInformation RenamedfromCoverSheettoReview/Protocolinformation Improvedstructureforthedatesassociatedwithareview: Datereviewwaslastassessedasuptodateadded. Threesearchdatescombinedintoone:Dateoflastsearch(withtheoutcomeofthissearch beingdescribedintheWhatsnewsection). DatenextstageexpectedfieldaddedforFullReviews(previouslyonlyavailablefor Protocols).

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Appendices Date/timeoflasteditautomaticallystoredforallsections(thiswillnotbepublished). Dateoflastminorupdatehasbeenremoved. Datereviewreformattedhasbeenremoved. Datereviewersconclusionamendedhasbeenremoved. Datecomment/criticismaddedhasbeenremoved. Dateresponsetocomment/criticismaddedhasbeenremoved.

Whatsnewsectionrestructuredtobecomealistofrevisionentries,eachhavingadate,atypeof revision(update,amendment,etc.)andadescriptionofthechanges. Optiontodeclareareviewas'stable'andunlikelytorequireafutureupdate. FieldtoallowthetypeofsupporttobedescribedforeachSourceofsupport. New,unpublishedfieldsforkeepingtrackofreviews: Versionnumberthatisincreasedforeachrevisionofareview. FieldforstoringtheversionnumberforthecopyofRevManlastusedtoeditthereview. Fieldforstoringthewithdrawnstatus. FieldforstoringtheidentifierfortheReviewGroup.

Tables

Unpublishednotescanbeaddedtomostsectionsofthereview.

Tablesaremoreadvanced,includingabilitytodefinetextalignmentandmergecells. SummaryofFindingstables. FootnotessectionforAdditionaltables. Maximumnumberofcolumnsinadditionaltablesisincreasedto15. Riskofbiastablesthatassessoneormoreitemsforeachstudy. MethodscolumnfortheTableofongoingstudies. Characteristicsofstudiesawaitingclassificationtable(replacingCharacteristicsofstudiesawaiting assessment),withastructureidenticaltotheCharacteristicsofincludedstudiestable. Authordefinedorderofrowsinthetablesshowingcharacteristicsofstudies,allowingsortingby study,year,anduserdefinedorder.

Studiesandreferences Maximumlengthofstudyidentifiersincreasedto30characters. Maximumlengthofotherreferenceidentifiersincreasedto50characters. Maximumnumberofreferencesperstudyincreasedto999(from99). ANandIDfieldsforreferencesarereplacedbytwostructuredlistsofidentifiers:oneatthestudylevel ([Link],[Link])andoneatthereferencelevel([Link],DOI).Eachlistentryis inputasanidentifierandvaluepair.

Dataandanalysis Resultsofthestatisticalcalculationsarestoredwithinreviews,basedonthedefaultsettingsspecified bytheauthor. Selectionofgraphstobegivenprominenceinthepublishedversion. Inversevariancemethodaddedfordichotomousdata.

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RevMan5UserGuide Testfordifferencesamongsubgroupsadded,whichisstoredasaQanddfvalueforeachsubgroup andoutcome. Numberofdecimalplacesindatatablesisuserdefined. Maximumlengthofgraphlabels,[Link],favourscontrol,increasedto30 characters. Datacanbeaddedmorethanonceforastudyunderthesameoutcomeorsubgroup. Moreoptionsforchoosingscalesongraphs. Labeltodescribetheunitsforcontinuousdata. Footnotesfieldforeachrowofstudydata. Captionfieldforeachgraph(outcome). Maximumnumberofcomparisonsincreasedto999(from99). FieldtostoreauserdefinednamefortheOEandVarianceeffectmeasure. Abilitytoswapeventsandnoneventsfordichotomousdata.

Contactdetails FormatforcontactdetailsmatchestheArchieformat. PeoplearelinkedtotheirrecordinArchieratherthanbeingeditedinRevMan. OneaffiliatedpersonwillbetheContactPerson. Affiliationlistisorderedsothatthereview'sbylineisgeneratedautomatically. Groupnamescanbeusedastheauthors. Affiliatedpeoplecanhavefootnotes,e.g.'Deceased','Previousauthor'.

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