Basic of Biomedical Instruments MCQs [set-

1]

Chapter: Bio Potential and Electrodes Types

1. Source of Bioelectric potential is in nature.

A. electronic
B. electric
C. ionic
D. mechanical
Answer: C

o m
Explanation:- Bioelectric potentials are generated at cellular level and the source of these potentials
is ionic in nature. The prominent ions are K+, Na+, and Cl–. Electronic potential is seen in commonly

. c
used cells for example the Galvanic cell. Mechanical potential is found nowhere. Electrical potential
is found in electricity.
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a
2. Palsied muscles mean
q M
A. paralyzed muscles c
B. active muscles M
C. voluntary muscles
D. involuntary muscles
Answer: A
Explanation:- Palsied is an adjective that means paralyzed. It is used to describe a muscle on which
an individual has lost all control (cannot move). Voluntary muscles are the muscles on which the
individual has complete control. Involuntary muscles are the ones on which the individual has no
control for example heart wall muscles.

3. The principal ion that is not involved with the phenomena of producing cell
potentials is
A. sodium
B. potassium
C. chlorine
D. hydrogen
Answer: D
Explanation:- Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), and Chlorine (Cl–) are the principal ions involved with
the phenomena of producing cell potentials. Na+ is present outside the cell membrane and creates
a positively charged environment outside the cell membrane. Cl– is present inside the cell
membrane and is responsible for the negative environment inside the cell membrane.

4. What is the relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells called?

A. half-cell potential
B. action potential
C. resting membrane potential
D. cell potential
Answer: C
Explanation:- Resting membrane potential or the resting potential is the relative static membrane
potential of quiescent cell. That is if the resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mV
(mV=millivolt) it means that the inside of the neuron is 70 mV less than the outside of the neuron. An
action potential occurs when the potential of the membrane of a given axonal position increases and
decreases rapidly. This depolarization causes depolarization of adjacent positions in a similar way.

5. The variation of the electrical potential associated with the passage of a pulse
along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve cell is called
A. muscle potential
B. action potential
C. resting potential
D. half cell potential
Answer: B
Explanation:- An action potential occurs when the potential of the membrane of a given axonal
position increases and decreases rapidly. This depolarization causes depolarization of adjacent
positions in a similar way. Resting membrane potential or the resting potential is the relative static
membrane potential of a quiescent cell.

6. Cells depolarize and action potential in generated as soon as a stimulus is

applied.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation:- This statement is False. This is because unless a stimulus above a certain minimum
value is applied, the cell will not be depolarized and no action potential will be generated. This value

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of potential above which the depolarizes and an action potential is generated is known as the
stimulus threshold.

7. After a cell is stimulated, a finite period of time is required for the cell to return
to its pre-stimulus state. This period is known as
A. restoration period
B. refactory period
C. regain period
D. regenerative period
Answer: B
Explanation:- After a cell is stimulated, a finite period of time is required for the cell to return to its
pre-stimulus state. This is because the energy associated with the action potential is developed from
metabolic process within the cell which takes time for completion. This time period is called refactory
period.

8. Electrooculography (EOG/E.O.G.) is a technique for measuring what?

A. abnormal function of the retina
B. heart rate
C. respiration rate
D. cornea-retinal standing potential
Answer: D
Explanation:- Electrooculography (EOG / E.O.G) is a technique for measuring the potential of the
corneal retinal standing potential that exists between the front and back of the human eye. The
resulting signal is called electrooculogram. The main applications are in the diagnosis of
ophthalmology and the recording of eye movements.

9. EKG stands for

A. Electrocardiography
B. Electroencephalography
C. Electromyography
D. Electrtokinetcography
Answer: A
Explanation:- Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the way toward recording the electrical action of
the heart over some stretch of time utilizing anodes put on the skin. It could simply be understood as
the electrical representation of heart beat. Electroencephalography is the electrical recording of
brain.

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10. Phonocardiography is listening to
A. arm muscle sound
B. lungs sound
C. heart sound
D. respiratory tract sound
Answer: C
Explanation:- A phonocardiogram (or PCG) is a record high-constancy recording of sounds and
mumble made by the heart with the assistance of the machine called phonocardiography.

11. Which type of electrodes are employed to study the electrical activities of
individual cells?
A. milli-electrodes
B. micro-electrodes
C. surface-electrodes
D. pre-jelled electrodes
Answer: B
Explanation:- To study the electrical activities of individual cells, micro electrodes are employed.
This type of electrode is small enough with respect to the size of the cells. Typical micro electrodes
have tip dimensions ranging from 0.5-5 microns.

12. Glass micro-capillaries are a type of micro electrode.

A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:- Two types of micro electrodes are generally used: metallic and glass microcapillaries.
Metallic electrodes are formed from a fine needle of suitable metal drawn for a fine tip. Glass
electrodes are drawn from Pyrex glass of special grade.

13. Glass microcapillaries are preferred over metallic electrodes because of the
former
A. polarizes with input current
B. does not have sustainable current carrying capacity
C. has less contact surface area
D. has sustainable current carrying capacity
Answer: D
Explanation:- Metallic electrodes polarize with smaller amplifier input currents. Hence, they tend to
develop unstable electrode offset potential and are therefore not preferred for steady state potential

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measurement. On the other hand, in case of glass micro electrodes have a sustainable current
carrying capacity because of the large surface area between the metal and the electrolyte.

14. Do metallic micro electrodes exist.

A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:- Two types of micro electrodes are generally used: metallic and glass microcapillaries.
Metallic electrodes are formed from a fine needle of suitable metal drawn for a fine tip. Glass
electrodes are drawn from Pyrex glass of special grade.

15. Metallic micro electrodes have impedance compared to conventional

electrodes?
A. equal
B. smaller
C. high
D. very high
Answer: D
Explanation:- The very high impedance of the metal micro-electrodes is due to the characteristics of
the small area metal-electrolyte interface. Because of very high impedance of micro electrodes,
amplifiers with extremely high input impedance are required to avoid loading the circuit and to
minimize the effects of small change in interface impedance.

16. Which of the following electrode is manufactured by circumferential

application of heat to a small area of glass tubing and pulling the glass when it gets
soft?
A. macro metallic electrodes
B. micro metallic electrodes
C. micro pipette
D. surface electrodes
Answer: C
Explanation:- The most commonly used method for making small tip micropipette consists of the
circumferential application of heat to a small area of glass tubing which is placed under some initial
tension. When the glass softens, the tension is increased very rapidly and the heat is turned off.
Proper timing, controlled adjustment of the amount of heat as well as the initial and final tensions
and cooling results in the production of microcapillaries with control dimensions.

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17. Which of the following metal is preferred for manufacturing micro electrodes?
A. Stainless steel
B. Tungsten
C. Iron
D. Copper
Answer: B
Explanation:- Tungsten is preferred for constructing micro-electrodes due to its mechanical strength
and its apparent inertness. Although tungsten itself is reactive, a surface layer of tungsten oxide will,
in most situations, protect the metal against corrosion.

18. are devices which convert one form of energy into another.
A. transducers
B. electrodes
C. impulses
D. opamp
Answer: A
Explanation:- Transducers are devices which convert one form of energy into another. A number of
factors decide the choice of a particular transducer to be used for the study of a specific
phenomenon. Many physical, chemical and optical properties and principles can be applied to

19. Electrodes make a transfer from the in the tissue to the electronic conduction
which is necessary to make measurements.
A. electronic conduction
B. ionic conduction
C. electric conduction
D. impulsive conduction
Answer: B
Explanation:- Electrodes make an exchange from the ionic conduction in the tissue to the electronic
conduction which is important to make measurements. An electrolytic paste is applied between the
electrodes and the skin to reduce skin contact impedance. The electrolyte also facilitates ionic
conduction from the skin to the electrodes.

20. Surface electrodes damage the living tissues.

A. True
B. False
Answer: B

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Explanation:- The surface electrodes pick up the potential difference from the tissue surface when
placed over it without damaging the living tissues. They are placed above the skin and cause no
harm to the living tissues. They capture the electrical activities of bunch of tissues together.

21. Deep-seated electrodes indicates the electric potential difference arising the
living tissues or cells.
A. inside
B. outside
C. around
D. adjacent
Answer: A
Explanation:- Deep-seated electrodes indicate the electric potential difference arising inside the
living tissues or cells. Surface electrodes indicates the electric potentials arising outside the living
tissues that is on the surface of the skin. Needle electrodes are example of deep seated electrodes.

22. Impedance pneumography is a commonly-used technique to monitor a person’s

A. respiration rate
B. heart rate
C. pulse rate
D. skin impedance
Answer: A
Explanation:- Impedance pneumography is a commonly-used technique to monitor a person’s
respiration rate, or breathing rate. It is implemented by using two electrodes or four electrodes. Skin
impedance is the resistance between the skin and the electrode. Heart rate measurement is called
ECG.

23. Electrode paste

A. increases contact impedance
B. equates contact impedance
C. reduces contact impedance
D. absorbs contact impedance
Answer: C
Explanation:- In order to obtain a clearly established contact (low contact impedance) an electrolyte
or electrode paste is usually employed as an interface between the electrode and the surface of the
source of the event. It is placed between the skin and the electrode. It helps to get better signal

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acquisition.

24. All electrode potentials are measured with respect to which reference
electrode?
A. hydrogen electrode
B. platinum electrode
C. calomel electrode
D. hydrogen absorbed on platinum electrode
Answer: D
Explanation:- All electrode potentials are measured with respect to a reference electrode, usually
that of hydrogen absorbed on platinum black. Thus, considering potential of hydrogen absorbed on
platinum electrode to be zero, other all have positive of negative potentials.

25. What is the frequency range of ECG?

A. 70-120 Hz
B. 0.05-120 Hz
C. 5-120 Hz
D. 12-120 Hz
Answer: B
Explanation:- Primary signal characteristics of ECG are: Frequency range: 0.05-120 Hz.

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