Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GECMS1 -1STSEM-2022-2023

College: Arts and Sciences

Campus: BAMBANG

DEGREE PROGRAM COURSE NO. GECMS1

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
YEAR LEVEL TIME FRAME 6 Hrs. WK NO. 6-7 IM NO. 4

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

RIZAL’S LIFE: HIGHER EDUCATION AND LIFE ABROAD

II. LESSON TITLE

1. Rizal’s Higher Education at UST
2. Rizal’s First Trip to Abroad
3. First Homecoming
4. Rizal’s Second Trip Abroad
5. Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889
6. Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
7. Second Homecoming and the La Liga Filipina
8. Last Trip Abroad
9. Last Homecoming and Trial

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

This lesson provides an overview on the life and study of our National hero abroad as
well as his aim to reform our country during the Spanish era. This will allow the students to
analyze the reasons of Rizal’s Propaganda Movement and his disapproval of assimilation.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. describe the travels of Rizal;

2. explain the principle of assimilation advocated by the Propaganda Movement; and
3. analyze Rizal’s growth as a propagandist and disapproval of assimilation.

V. LESSON CONTENT

1. Rizal’s Higher Education at UST

Rizal’s higher education started in college, after completing his Bachelor of Arts (a high school
diploma equivalent). His higher education was spent most in UST.
 Both Paciano and Don Francisco wanted Rizal to enter a university, but Doña Teodora
oppose the idea because the Spaniards might “cut-off his head.”
 In April, when Rizal was early 16, he enrolled at UST. He took up Philosophy and
Letters because he liked it and he was uncertain.
 At first, he was attracted to a priesthood (he would been a Jesuit priest). The Jesuit
priest wanted him to take up but his choice was between Law and medicine.
 Having received Father Pablo Ramon’s (Rector of Ateneo) advice to study
medicine, he took up medicine courses.
 While at UST, he enrolled to vocational course, Land Surveying and Assessment. He
obtained the title, perito agrimensor (expert surveyor).
 While at UST, he fell in love with 3 women.
“MISS L”  The girl after Segunda Katigbak – his first love
 The name was not revealed, a woman with fair,
seductive and attractive eye.
 The romance died a naturaldeath
because:
 The sweet memory of Segunda was still
fresh in his heart
 His father did not like the family of “Miss
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GECMS1 -1STSEM-2022-2023
L”

Leonor Valenzuela “Orang”  When he boarded in the house of Dona Concha

Leyva in Intramuros he met Leonor “Orang"
Valenzuela.
 His next-door neighbor and daughter of Capitan
Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela.
 She was a tall girl who carried herself with grace
and elegance.
 Rizal was always welcome at the Valenzuela
home. He eventually courted Leonor by sending
her love notes, which he wrote in invisible ink
made from a mixture of water and table salt.
 He taught Leonor how to read his letters by
heating them over a lamp or a candle to allow
the words to surface.
 Unfortunately, as with his first love, Jose failed
to ask for the lady's hand in marriage.
Leonor Rivera  From Camiling, Tarlac
 Frail, pretty girl and a student of La
Concordia College.
 THE FIRST ENGAGEMENT.
 Rizal used a sign name “Taimis” to camouflage
their relationship from their parents.

 During his college days at UST, Rizal was involved in brawls. During the summer
vacation in 1878, while walking on dimly street he got injured.
 He was struck by sword. The injury took two weeks.
 He reported the incident and filed complaint but nothing happened.
 Beside this, he also encountered other form of brawls.

Literary Triumph at UST

TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH  Rizal, 18 years old, submitted his poem entitled A La
(1879) Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)
 The first prize, a feather shaped, gold ribbon decorated
silver pen was given to Rizal.
 In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from
lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind and
descend with art science to break the chains that have
long bound the spirit of the people

THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS  Another literary contest by the Artistic-Literary Lyceum
(1880) to commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of
Cervantes, Spanish and author of Don Quixote.
 Manuel De Cervantes – Spain’s glorified man of letter.
 Rizal submitted an allegorical drama, El Consejo de
los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
 The allegory was based on Greek classics
 Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo in
securing the needed reference materials
 The contestwas participated by priest,
laymen, professors of UST, newspapermen and
scholars.
 Rizal won the first price; he
received
a gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes.

Champion of Filipino Students

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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GECMS1 -1STSEM-2022-2023
 1880: Rizal founded Compañerismo (Comradeship), a secret society of Filipino UST
students. The members were called “Companions of Jehu”.
 He was the chief of the society.
 His cousin, Galicano Apacible was the secretary.

Unhappy Days at the UST

 The Dominican professors were hostile to him
 The Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards
 The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.

Decision to Study Abroad

 The people who approved:
o His older brother Paciano, His sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia, Uncle Antonio
Rivera, The Valenzuela family, and Some friends
 The people who did not know his decision:
o Rizal’s parents, Leonor Rivera, Spanish authorities
 Jose Mercado – passport name

2. Rizal’s First Trip to Abroad

 Jose P. Rizal – “Most Travelled Filipino Hero” (20 countries and 40 island cities)
 On May 3, 1882 at 5:00, he left Philippines for the first time to go to Spain. He Boarded
Salvadora with Donato Lecha as the Captain of the ship.
 May 9, 1882, Salvadora reached Singapore, “Beautiful island” and Rizal spent 2 days in
here
 May 11, 1882, he transferred to Djemnah, French steamer going to Ceylon.
 May 17, 1882 – he reached Point Galle which he described as “lonely and quiet place”.
The following day, they reached Colombo. “The place is more beautiful, smart and
elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila”.
 The voyage continued until he crossed the Indian Ocean to the Cape of Guardafui,
Africa.
 Rizal sighted the barren coast of Africa and called it “inhospitable land but famous”
 May 18, 1882 - He landed at Aden at about 8:30 a.m. He made observation at the time.
 Aden – city hotter than Manila; Rizal was amused to see the camels, for the first
time
 June 2, 1882 – From Aden, he proceeded to Suez Canal.
 June 11, 1882 – From Port Said, the steamer proceeded to Europe and reached
Naples City, Italy.
 June 12, 1882 – The steamer docked at the French Harbor of Marseilles. He
disembarked to visit Chateu d’If.
 June 15, 1882 – Rizal left Marseilles for Barcelona boarding an express train.
 June 16, 1882 – He reached Barcelona. He thought of the city as “ugly, with dirty little
inns and inhospitable residents”. Later “as a great city with atmosphere of freedom and
liberalism”
Life in Barcelona
 He wrote an essay entitled “AMOR PATRIO”(Love of Country).
 His next article was entitled “LOS VIAJES” (Travels) and followed by “REVISTA DE
MADRID” (Review of Madrid) but the latter was returned because the publication was
ceased because of lack of funds.
 Bad news from home (outbreak of Cholera, Leonor Rivera, getting thinner)

Life in Madrid
 November 3, 1882 - Rizal moved into Madrid in order to
continue his medical studies. Universidad Central de Madrid
 He also studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine
Arts of San Fernando
 Lessons in French, English, Fencing and Shooting in the Hall
of Arms of Sanz Carbonel
Consuelo Ortiga Y
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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GECMS1 -1STSEM-2022-2023
 Romance with Consuelo Ortiga Y Perez – daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga Y Rey (Mayor
of Manila)
 He composed a poem dedicated to her “A La Señorita C. O. y P.” (To Miss C. O. y
P.)
 Rizal backed out (still engaged with Leonor Rivera and Eduardo de Lete, his friend
had fallen inloved with Consuelo)
 The only vice of the hero “Lottery”
 He bought books and was able to have a fair-sized private library in his boarding house.
 Bad news: Calamba Sugarcane plantations failed; Land rentals increased; and Rizal’s
allowance
 Rizal joined the CIRCULO-HISPANO FILIPINO. It is an association formed by Filipino
students in Spain composed both Filipinos and Spaniards
 Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses) - upon the request of the members of this
society, Rizal wrote this poem which he personally declaimed during the New Year’s
Eve reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in the evening of December 31, 1882
 He joined the Masonic Lodge called ACACIA. His reason for was to secure
Freemasonry's aid in his fight in the Philippines. On November 1883, he transferred to
LODGE SOLIDARIDAD, where he become a Master Mason

Rizal’s First Trip to Abroad

 June 21, 1884 - Rizal finished his medical education. He was conferred the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine. The next year, he passed all his subjects leading to Doctors of
Medicine but was only able to get his Doctor’s Diploma in 1887 for he wasn’t able to
pay corresponding fees.
 June 24, 1884 – Rizal was broke. Empty stomach in attending classes
 November 20, 1884 – Students demonstration exploded at Central university of Madrid.
Dr. Miguel Morayta was excommunicated because of his liberal view in which he
proclaimed the “freedom of science and teacher”
 Rizal with other students armed with clubs, stones, fists fought the government
forces during the demonstrations.
 June 19, 1885 – 24th birthday, Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy
and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid with a rating of Excellent
(sobresaliente)
 June 25, 1885 – Rizal was invited to speak in a banquet to celebrate the double victory
of two Filipino artist, Juan Luna’s Spoliarium winning 1st prize and Felix Hidalgo’s
Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace – 2nd
 October 1885 – Rizal visited Maximo Viola, rich friend from San Miguel, Bulacan in
Barcelona
 November 1885 – Rizal went to Paris and lived there 4 months. He worked as assistant
to Dr. Louis de Weckert, leading French Ophthalmologist.
 He improved his knowledge in ophthalmology
 He modelled on Luna’s painting – “The Death of Cleopatra” and “The Blood
Compact”
 February 3, 1886 – he left Paris for Heidelberg, Germany. He worked at the University
Eye Hospital under Dr. Otto Becker, distinguished German ophthalmologist.
 He spent 3 months vacation at Wilhelmsfeld, a mountainous village near,
Heidelberg.
 June 25, 1886 – returned to Heidelberg
 July 31, 1886 – 1st letter to Ferdinand Blumentrit, Austrian ethnologist. He became his
best friend.
 August 9, 1886 – he left Heidelberg by train and visited the city Leipzig, Germany. He
attended lecture on Psychology and history.
 He translated Schillers’ William tell and Hans Christian’s Fairy Tales into Tagalog
 October 29, 1886 – he arrived at Dresden, Germany and Mr. Adolf B. Meyer, Director of
the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.
 November 1, 1886 – He left Dresden and reached Berlin.(absence of racial race)
 He worked as an assistant to the clinic of Dr. Schweiger’s
 Later, he lived in poverty (one meal per day – bread and water or cheap vegetable
soup)

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GECMS1 -1STSEM-2022-2023
 He suffered fromTuberculosis and Financial problems (Printing of Noli Me
Tangere) 300 – Maximo Viola, savior of Noli

Reasons of Travelling to Berlin

1. Increase his knowledge in ophthalmology
2. Broaden his studies of Sciences and Languages
3. To observe political and economic conditions of Germany
4. To associate with famous German scientist and scholars
5. To publish Noli Me Tangere.

Grand Tour with Viola

1. Dresden 6. Vienna, Austria
2. Teschen (Decin, Czechoslovakia) 7. Linz, Austria
3. Leitmeritz, Bohemia – first meeting with 8. Rheinfall, Germany (Salzburg,
Ferdinand Blumentrit Munich, Nuremberg, Ulm)
4. Prague, Czech Republic 9. Switzerland
5. Brunn, Austria 10. Geneva

 June 19, 1887 – Rizal treated Viola a blow out

 Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 in Madrid Exposition
 June 23, 1887 – Rizal and Viola parted ways
 June 24, 1887 – Italy (Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence)
 June 27, 18887 – he reached Rome “The Eternal City” and the “The City of Ceasars”
 June 29, 1887 – Vatican city “The City of Popes” and wrote a letter to his family about
his arrival
 He was warned by his brother and other family member not to returned due to his novel
which up roared the anger of the friars but he was determined to come home.
 To operate his mother’s eye
 To serve the Filipino people who were oppressed by the Spanish tyrants
 To determine how the NOLI affected the Filipinos and Spaniards
 To inquire the conditions of Leonor Rivera
 July 3, 1887 – Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles and boarded the Djemnah, Manila
bound steamer
 July 30, 1887 – Rizal reached Saigon, Vietnam and transferred to Haiphong to Manila
 August 2, 1887 – he left Saigon
 August 5, 1887 – Rizal at Manila
 August 8, 1887 – WELCOME BACK CALAMBA

3. First Homecoming
 Rizal established a medical clinic at Calamba - he opened a clinic at Calamba and did
charity works thus he was called Dr. Uliman “because he came from Germany”
 He opened gymnasium for young folks. (gymnastics, fencing, shooting)
 Failure to see Leonor Rivera – he tried to go to Dagupan, Pangasinan but his parents
absolutely forbade him because Leonor Rivera’s mother did not like him as son-in-law.
With a heavy heart, Rizal bowed to his parents. He was then a victim of his time that
marriages must be arranged by the parents of both groom and bride.
 Life threat – his novel angered the Augustinian friars, Salvador Font and Jose Rodriguez
and banned the reading of the Noli for it was considered heretic or against the Catholic
and may destroy the faith and beliefs of Christians. But some Filipinos read it in secret
that made the awakening of Filipino Nationalism. Emilio Terrero as a liberal governor-
general at that time sided Rizal’s idea in the novel that he even provided Rizal a
personal body guard in the person of Jose Taviel de Andrade. Beside those issues,
Rizal gained attention from his fellow Filipinos and he got defenders

4. Rizal’s Second Trip Abroad

→ In Hong Kong and Macao (1888)

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GECMS1 -1STSEM-2022-2023
 February 3, 1888 - After a short stay of. six months in Calamba, Rizal was forced to leave his
country for the second time. Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sick
and sad to leave Calamba.
 February 7, 1888 - The steamer made a brief stopover at Amoy. But he got off the ship because
he was not feeling well, it was raining hard and that the city was dirty.
 February 8, 1888 He arrived in Hong Kong, a British colony. He stayed at the Victoria Hotel,
Hong Kong. According to Rizal, it was a small but very clean city. He was welcomed by Filipino
residents like Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte. There were other Filipinos
in Hong Kong but they were generally poor, gentle, and timid.
 Experiences in Hong Kong

o Noisy celebration of Chinese New Year - continuous explosions of firecrackers.

The richer the Chinese, the more firecracker he exploded.
o Boisterous Chinese theatre with noisy audiences and noisier music.
o Marathon lauriat party where guests were served numerous dishes.
o The Dominican Order was the richest religious order in Hong Kong.
o He also visited Hong Kong cemeteries.

 February 18, 1888 Rizal and Basa visited Macao, a Portuguese colony. They boarded the ferry
steamer, Ku-Kiang. The city is small, low and gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but few
steamers. The city looks sad and almost dead. In this place, they stayed at the home of Don
Juan Francisco Lecaros, a Filipino married to a Portuguese lady. Lecaros was rich and had a
wide garden planted with trees and flowering plants.
o In Macao, Rizal and Basa visited the theatre, casino, cathedral, churches, pagodas,
botanical gardens, and bazaars. They saw the famous Grotto of Camoens, Portugal’s
national poet.
 February 20, 1888 After their two-day sojourn in Macao, Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong
on board again on the steamer Ku-Kiang.
 February 22, 1888 - Rizal left Hong Kong alone. on board the Oceanic, an American steamer for
Japan, his next destination. Rizal liked the ship because it was clean and efficiently managed
but did not like the meals on board. Other passengers of the ship were two Portuguese, two
Chinese, several British and an American woman Protestant missionary. His cabin mate was a
British Protestant missionary who lived in China for 27 years.
→ Romantic Interlude in Japan (1888)
 February 28, 1888 Rizal arrived in Yokohama, Japan and registered at the Grand Hotel.
 February 29, 1888 - He proceeded to Tokyo and took a room at Tokyo Hotel where he stayed
for six (6) days. Japan was to him the “Land of the Cherry Blossoms” because of its natural
beauty and the charming manners of the Japanese people.
o When he was in Tokyo, he was visited by Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the
Spanish legation. Tokyo is more expensive than Paris. The streets are large and wide,
according to Rizal’s letter to Blumentritt. He lived at the Spanish legation after accepting
the invitation for two reasons: (1) he could economize his living expenses and (2) he had
nothing to hide to the eyes of Spanish authorities.
o During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal was embarrassed because he did not know the
Japanese language although he looked like a Japanese. he had a hard time shopping for
he could not be understood. To avoid further embarrassment, he decided to study the
Japanese language. In a few days, he was able to speak the language. He also studied
the Japanese drama (kabuki), and visited the museums, libraries, art galleries, shrines,
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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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and Japanese villages. While he was promenading the Tokyo Park, Rizal heard the band
playing Western music. He was impressed by the superb performance of the band.
However, he was not impressed of the mode of transportation because the rickshaws
were drawn by men, which made Rizal disgusted because according to him, human
beings are working like horses.
o Rizal met Seiko-San, a pretty Japanese girl and the only daughter of a Japanese
samurai. Her real name was Seiko Usui but Rizal called her O-Sei-San. They almost met
daily as they visited interesting spots of the city, like the Imperial Art Gallery, the Imperial
Library, the city parks and picturesque shrines. O-Sei-San served as Rizal’s guide,
interpreter, and tutor. Rizal and O-Sei-San love each other and the latter did not
experience in her 23 years an ecstasy of true love. After the death of Rizal in 1896, O-
Sei-San married to Alfred Charlton, British teacher of Chemistry and their love was
blessed by a daughter, Yuriko, who later married Japanese senator.
 Rizal’s Impression of Japan
o The beauty of the country – flowers, mountains, streams, and scenic panorama.
o Cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people.
o The picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women.
o Few thieves in Japan – House remained opened day and night.
o Beggars were rarely seen in the city streets, unlike manila and other cities.

→ Rizal’s Visit to United States (1888)

 April 13, 1888 - Rizal boarded the Belgic, an English steamer bound for the United States. he
left Japan very sad because he would never see again the beautiful land and his beloved O-Sei-
San. O-Sei-San mourned for a long time for the loss of her lover lose Rizal. Nevertheless, the
sojourn in Japan for 45 days was one of the happiest interlude in Rizal’s life.
 On board the Belgic, he met a passenger, Tetcho Suchero. which Rizal befriended. They
exchanged pleasantries. Tetcho was a Japanese newspaperman who was jailed in his country
for his articles and principles and was exiled.
 Rizal talked in different languages. The ship carried 643 Chinese people and other nationalities.
April 28, 1888 - Rizal and Techo arrived in San Francisco Port on Saturday morning of April 28.
o All passengers were not allowed to land because the ship was placed on a
quarantine on the ground that it came from the Far East where cholera epidemic
was alleged to be raging. Rizal soon discovered that placing the ship under
quarantine was prompted by politics. The American authorities were against
cheap labor from China that displaced American laborers in railroads
construction. The ship was carrying many Chinese workers.
o After a week of quarantine, all first class passengers, including Rizal were
permitted to land but the Chinese and Japanese passengers of the second and
third class accommodations were forced to remain on board.
 May 4, 1888 It was the day when Rizal and the other passengers were permitted to land. Rizal
registered at the Palace Hotel, a first-class hotel of the city of San Francisco. He stayed in this
city for two days. The President of the United States at this time was George Cleveland.
 May 6, 1888 Rizal left San Francisco to Oakland (a distance of nine miles) on a Sunday at 4:30
p.m. by ferry boat. In Oakland, he took his supper at Sacramento for 75 cents and slept in his
coach.
 May 7, 1888 Rizal boarded a train for trip across the continent (May 7 at Reno, Nevada; May 8,
Utah, Ogden, Denver; May 9, Colorado; May 10, Nebraska; May 11, Chicago; May 12, Canada

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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(an English Territory); May 13, Albany). His transcontinental trip ended on Sunday, May 13 at
11:10 am.
 May 13, 1888 Rizal reached New York on a Sunday morning. He stayed three days in the city
which Rizal called “The Big Town”. He visited the memorial of George Washington, and other
scenic and historic places.
 May 18, 1888 He left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome, the second largest ship
in the world during his time. Rizal visited the colossal Statue of Liberty on Bedloe Island.
 Rizal’s Impression of America
o The material progress of the country as shown in the great cities, huge farms,
flourishing industries, and busy factories.
o The American people were energetic and hard-working
o Thenatural beauty of the land
o High standard of living
o There are better opportunities for a better life especially the poor immigrants.
o However, the bad impressions of Rizal were: racial prejudice existed democracy
and freedom were only in words, not practiced; and have no true Civil liberty. As
a whole, Rizal said that America is the land par excellence of freedom but only for
the whites.
→ Rizal in London (1888-1889)
 Reasons
o Improve his knowledge in English language
o Study and annotate Antonio Morga’s Successos de las Islas Filipinas
o London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny.

 May 16, 1888 – Rizal left US and went to London through City of Rome, the second largest ship
in the world next to the great Eastern.
 May 24, 1888 – He reached Liverpool and stayed there. He described the place as “big and
beautiful city.”
o After one day he moved to London and stayed there for a short time as guest at the
home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, a practicing lawyer in London and exile of 1872.
o Later he lodged at 37 Chalcot, Crescent, Primrose Hill. He boarded at Beckett family.
Mr. Beckett was the organist of St. Paul’s church. Gertrude called "Gettie” or “Tottie”
was the oldest of the Beckett sisters. He spent Sundays in the house of Dr. Reinhold
Rost, the librarian of the ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Authority of Malayan
languages. Rizal played cricket (English game) and boxed with Dr. Rost son. Rizal also
spent most of his time in the British Museums annotating Morga’s book, Successos de
los Islas Filipinas (Historical Events of the Philippine Islands), which was published in
Mexico in 1609. For about ten (10) months, Rizal was deeply immersed in his historical
studies in London.
 While in London, Rizal received bad and good news, the bad news were:
o (1) persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the petition addressed to the Queen
Regent of Spain requesting the expulsion of the friars in the Philippines. The petition
was signed by M.H. Del Pilar and 800 patriots;
o (2) attacks on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida in the Spanish Cortes and
Wenceslao E. Retana or” Desenganos” and Pablo Feced or” Quioquiap” in the Spanish
newspapers;
o (3) persecution of Rizal’s family and other Calamba farmers for their courage to petition
the government for agrarian reforms,

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o (4) exile of Manuel T. Hidalgo, (husband of Rizal’s oldest sister, Saturnina), by
Governor-General Weyler to Bohol without due process;
o (5) arrest and jailing of Rizal’s friend Lauriano Viado in Bilibid Prison because of the
copies of "Noli” found in his house.
 September, 1888 - Rizal visited Paris for a week to search for more historical materials in the
Biblioteque Nationale. In this place, he was entertained by Juan Luna and wife Paz Pardo de
Tavera and showed their son Andres (Luling).
 December 11,1888 - He went again to Spain and visited Madrid and Barcelona. He went to visit
his compatriots Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, two great leaders of the Propaganda
Movement. he exchanged ideas with them and promised to cooperate in the fight for reforms.
 December 24, 1888 - He returned to London and spent Christmas and New Year’s with the
Beckett family.
o During the Christmas eve (Noche Buena), Rizal wrote and sent Blumentritt a
Christmas gift a bust of Emperor Augustus which he made. He also sent to another
friend Dr. Carlos Czepelak (a Polisl1 scholar) a bust of Julius Ceasar as a Christmas
gift Knowing that Rizal had a great admiration in magic, Mrs. Beckett gave him a
Christmas gift, a book entitled “The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the
Ventriloquist”.
 December 31, 1888 A patriotic society was established and inaugurated called Association La
Solidaridad with Rizal chosen as honorary president. The officers were Galicano Apacible,
president; Graciano Lopez Jaena, vicepresident; Manuel Santa Maria, secretary: Mariano
Ponce, treasurer, Jose Ma. Panganiban, accountant.
 January 14, 1889 -Rizal wrote Blumentritt of his proposal to establish the “International
Association of Filipinologists” and have its inaugural in the French capital. Blumentritt gladly
supported him. January 28, 1889 Rizal wrote a letter addressed to the members of the
Association La Solidaridad. He expressed his thanks of making him honorary president. In his
letter, he stressed, among others, that the individual should give way to the welfare of society
and he should not expect rewards or honors for what he does.
 Rizal and La Solidaridad Newspaper
o February 15, 1889 - Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the fortnightly patriotic
newspaper, La Solidaridad in Barcelona the organ of the Propaganda
Movement. The aims of La Solidaridad were (1) to work for a peaceful
political and social reforms in the Philippines; (2) to portray the deplorable
conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy them; (3) to Oppose
the evil forces of reaction; (4) to advocate liberal ideas and progress; (5) to
champion the legitimate aspirations of 'the Filipino people to life, democracy
and happiness.
o Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers) – Rizal’s first article in La
Solidaridad
o Other articles; a) La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray Rodriguez)
b) Letter to the Young Women of Malolos
o On the founding of La Solidaridad, Rizal congratulated Lopez Jaena and his
associates in founding La Solidaridad. However, he advised Lopez Jaena that
great care should be taken in publishing only the truth.
 Romance with Gertrude Beckett
o Rizal, being a man of normal emotions, found exhilarating joy in Gertrude’s company. Their
friendship drifted towards romance. Rizal affectionately called her “Gettie,” in reciprocation,
she called him “Pettie”. As their flirtation was fast approaching the point of no return, Rizal
suddenly realized that he could not marry her for he a mission to fulfill in life.
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 Sculptural Works in London
o Prometheus Bound
o The Triumph of Death Over Life
o The Triumph of Science Over Death
o Composite carvings of the Beckett sisters

5. Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889

 March 19, 1889 From London, Rizal went to Paris. It was extremely difficult for Rizal to find
living quarters due to the Universal Exposition. For a short while, he lived in the house of his
friend Valentin Ventura at No. 45 Rue Maubeue and polished his annotation to Morga’s book.

 May 6, 1889 - Rizal and his friends attended the opening ceremonies of the Universal Exposition
of Paris. Rizal saw the cutting of the ribbon of Pres. Sodi Carnot of the French Republic. The
exposition drew a vast crowd of tourists and persons of more than 200,000. The greatest
attraction of the exposition was the Eiffel Tower which was built by Alexander Eiffel, a famous
French engineer. An International Art Competition was held in which Felix R. Hidalgo’s painting
won second prize, Felix Pardo de Tavera, and Juan Luna’s paintings obtained third prize while
Rizal’s entry (a bust) did not qualify for the exhibition.

 June 24, 1889 Rizal stood as baptismal godfather (ninong) to a baby girl born to Juan Luna and
Paz Pardo de Tavera. She was their second child, Rizal chose the name of the baby girl a
“Marie de la Paz, Blanca, Laureana, Hermenegilda Inana y Pardo de Tavera”

 Rizal’s Organization in Paris

o Kidlat Club – (March 19, 1889) purely a social society of a temporary nature. It was
formed by Rizal to bring together the young Filipinos in the French capital so that
they could enjoy their sojourn in the city during the Universal Exposition.
o Indios Bravos – (Brave Indians/Filipinos) replaced Kidlat Club. Its members pledged
to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of
foreigners, particularly Spanish.
o R.D.L.M Society (Redemcion de los Malayos) - September 21, 1889 Rizal founded
another society during the Universal Exposition in Paris. Rizal rigidly guarded its
secret existence. Some of its members were Gregorio Aguilera, Jose Ma. Basa, Julio
Dorente, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Baldomero Roxas and Father Jose
Maria Chongco (Filipino priest).

 Rizal’s Writings in Paris

o Filipinas dentro de Cien Años (The Philippines Within a Century) – prediction of the
tragic end of Spanish colonization and the vision of the coming of the Americans.
o Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos (The Indolence of the Filipinos) – an essay to
defend the alleged indolence of the Filipinos. Rizal made a critical study of the cause
why his people did not work during the Spanish regime. Filipinos are not by nature
indolent.
o La Politica Colonial on Filipinas (Colonial Policy in the Philippines)
o Manila en el mes de Deciembre (Manila in the Month of December)
o Historia de al Familia Rizal de Calamba (History of Rizal Family of Calamba)
o Los Pueblos del Archipelago Indico (The People of the Indian Archipelago)
o Por Telefono – satirical pamphlet and a vision of the mode of communication which
came true in 1900.

 August 1889 Rizal scheduled the holding of the inaugural convention of the “International
Association of Filipinologists” in Paris. The aim of the association is to study the Philippines from
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scientific and historical point of view. The officers were Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian) as
President; Mr. Edmund Plauchut (French) as Vice President; Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo.
German), as counselor; Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (F111pmo-Sparush) as another counselor; and
Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino) as the secretary himself. The Inaugural convention did not materialize
because the French government discouraged the holding of the conference by private
organizations during the period of the international exposition.

 January 15, 1890 - Rizal returned to Paris. Riz'al complained of a terrible headache, but he was
not stricken with flu which was an epidemic raging in Europe at that time. He left Paris for two
(2) reasons: (1) the cost of living in Paris is very high and his money is dwindling; (2) the gay
social life of the city that hampered his literary works, especially the writing of his second novel
El Filibusterismo.

 July 18,1890 - Rizal also wrote Ponce of his determination to go home because of the suffering
that affected his family. His parents, relatives, and friends in the Philippines were persecuted.

→ Rizal in Brussels, Belgium (1890)

 January 28, 1890 – Rizal left Paris for Brussels.
 He lived on 38 Rue Philippine Champagne, which was run by two Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and
Marie). He continued his second novel El Filibusterismo.
 Rizal criticizes Madrid Filipinos for gambling. In Brussels, he received news from Juan Luna and
Valentin Ventura that the Fiilipinos in Madrid are destroying the good name of their nation by
gambling too much.
 Bad News from home: (a) Dominican Order filed a suit in court to dispose the Rizal family of
their lands, (b) Paciano and brother-in-law Antonio Lopez (Husband of Narcisa) and Silvestre
Ubaldo (husband of Olympia) were deported to Mindoro, (c) Manuel Hidalgo (husband of
Saturnina) was banished for second time to Bohol.
 June 11, 1890 – Presentiment of death – Rizal’s vision of his death
 While Rizal was in Brussels, he has an amorous relationship with Suzanne Jacoby, a petite
Belgian girl who fell in love with Rizal. She cried when Rizal left toward the end of July 1890 for
Madrid, stopping for a few days in Paris.
→ Rizal in Madrid (1890-1891)
 Early in August 1890 Rizal arrived in Madrid.
 Misfortunes in Madrid
o Failure to get justice for family. Upon arrival in Madrid, he immediately sought the
help of the Filipino colony, the Association-Hispano Filipina and the liberal
Spanish newspapers in order to protest the injustices committed by Governor
General Valeriano Weyler and the Dominican friars against the Calamba people.
Nothing came out in securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants, his
family, and relatives. “To cover the ears, open the purse and fold the arms” –
Spanish colonial policy

o August 19, 1890 Rizal - received a sad news on the untimely death of his friend,
Jose Ma. Panganiban, a talented Bicolano and co-workers in the PrOpaganda
Movement. Panganiban died in Barcelona on this date after a lingering illness.
o Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna - August 30, 1890 -Rizal attended a social
reunion of the Filipinos in Madrid. Juan Luna, who was no longer sober and was
jealous of Rizal because he was frustrated with his romance with Nellie
Boustead, made unsavory remarks against Nellie. Rizal who have a high sense
of chivalry heard the unsavory remarks of Luna. He then challenged the latter to
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a duel. The Filipinos who were present during the occasion pacified the two
pointing out to both that such duel Would jeopardize their cause in Spain.
Fortunately, when Luna became sober, he realized his bad remarks against
Nellie and thereafter apologized to Rizal. Rizal accepted his apology and the two
became friend again.
o Rizal – Retaña Duel - On another occasion, Rizal challenged Wenceslao E.
Retana, hisbitterenemy. Retana used to attack the Filipinos including Rizal in
various newspapers in Madrid and other cities in Spain. Also, Retana published
in the newspapers that Rizal’s family had not paid their rents to the Dominican
Orders so they were ejected from their lands in Calamba. Angered by the insult of
Retana, Rizal challenged him to a duel. To save his own skin, Retana at once
published retraction and an apology in the newspaper.
o December 1890 - Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera announcing he
coming marriage to an Englishman (the choice of her mother) and asking his
forgiveness. Rizal was stunned of this sad news from Leonor. Rizal, who was
engaged with Leonor Rivera, was left broken-hearted.
o Rizal – Del Pilar Rivalry - Later Part of December 1890 Rizal and MH. Del Pilar
(Rizal’s fearless lawyer-joumalist) were rivals for leadership supremacy.
Unfortunately, some of his former admirers supported del Pilai’s supremacy. The
Filipinos resented Rizal’s interference of their private lives who loved women,
wine, and cards. January 1, 1891 - About 90 Filipinos met on New Year’s Day to
patch up Rizal and Del Pilar’s differences and to intensify the campaign for
reform. Owing to the intrigues of his jealous compatriots, Rizal retired from the
Propaganda Movement and instead focused himself in the publication of his
second novel, practice his medical profession and to make a more vigorous
campaign for his country.

→ Rizal in Madrid and Romance with Nelly Boustead (1891)

 February 1,1891- Rizal left Madrid for Biarritz where he had a brief vacation He stayed as a
guest at the Boustead family. On his stay at Boustead home for one-month vacation, he fell in
love with Nellie of Nelly Antonio Luna who previously loved and lost Nelly, encouraged Rizal to
love and marry her. With the encouragement of Luna, Rizal courted Nellie. The romance,
however, did not have a happy ending for two (2) reasons: (1) Rizal refused to give up his
Catholic faith and be converted to Protestantism and (2) Nelly’s mother did not like Rizal as a
son-in-law. Nelly Boustead being a good Protestant wanted Rizal to espouse Protestantism but
Rizal, though a Mason, remained loyal to Catholic religion.

 February 7, 1891 The Filipinos put up Responsable, a leader to direct the affairs of the Filipino
community and to determine the editorial policy of the La Solidaridad. Del Pilar objected to the
placing of the newspaper under the Responsable but was willing to publish articles that would
express the aspirations and demands of the Filipino people. Rizal was elected as Responsible
but he graciously declined the coveted position. he believed that some of his compatriots who
supported Rizal disliked him.

 March 29, 1891- This was the eve of his departure from Biarritz to Paris. He finished writing the
manuscript for El Filibusterismo.

 April 4, 1891 - From Paris, Rizal wrote his friend Jose Ma. Basa who was in Hong Kong of his
desire to go to the British colony a first steamer ticket from Europe to Hong Kong.
 April 15, 1891 - Rizal went back to Brussels where he was happily received by the Jacoby
landladies and by petite Suzanne (the Belgian girl who loved him).
 May 1, 1891 - Rizal notified the Propaganda authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly
allowance and devote money to the education of young Filipino students in Europe.
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Simultaneous with his retirement from the Propaganda Movement, he also ceased writing
articles for La Solidaridad.
 May 30, 1891 -Rizal almost completed the revision of El Filibusterismo and readied it for
printing.
 June 13, 1891 Rizal informed Basa that he was negotiating with a printing firm for the printing of
his Fili. Only three chapters left to be corrected. It is longer than Noli.
→ Rizal in Ghent and El Filibusterismo (1891)
 July 5, 1891 Rizal left Brussels for Ghent, a famous university city in Belgium. Owing to his
limited funds, he lived in a cheap boarding house with Jose Alejandro, a roommate who years
later became general during the Filipino American War of 1899-1900. He was also an engineer.
 Rizal moved to Ghent because the cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels and
he escaped the attraction of Petite Suzanne.
 August 7, 1891 - Rizal received a letter from M.H. del Pilar requesting him to resume writing for
the La Solidaridad. In reply, Rizal wrote denying any resentment and explained why he stopped
writing for La Solidaridad. In his letter to del Pilar, he said he wanted other Filipinos to work for
La Solidarida and to leave del Pilar alone to direct the policy in the newspaper and Rizal don’t
want to meddle in it.
 Ottober 3, 1891 - Rizal left Ghent for Paris, two weeks after the publication of the Fili. He stayed
a few days in Paris to bid goodbye to his friends.
 October 14, 1891 - From Paris he went to Marseilles.

6. Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong

→ Rizal and Ophthalmic Surgeon Hong Kong (1891- 1892)
 October 18, 1891 - Rizal boarded steamer Melbourne bound for Hong Kong. he brought with
him 600 copies of the Fili and a recommendation letter by Juan Luna for Manuel Camus, a
compatriot living in Singapore. There were 80 first class passengers mostly Europeans and
Rizal was the only Asian among the other passengers.
 November 20, 1891 He arrived in Hong Kong, met his friends like Jose Ma. Basa. he resided at
No.5 D’ Aguilar Street, No. 2 Rednayola Terrace. Here he opened his medical clinic where he
treated many patients Americans, British, Chinese, and Portuguese.
 December 21, 1891 Rizal wrote his parents asking permission to return home. Manuel L.
Hidalgo sent Rizal a letter revealing the despair and sorrow of the Rizal family. Rizal who was in
Hong Kong, was desperately sad for he could not help his persecuted family and relatives.
 December 24, 1891 Rizal was gladdened by the arrival of his father, brother, and Silvestre
Ubaldo in Hong Kong. Not long afterwards, his mother and sisters Lucia, Josefa, and Trinidad
also arrived. His mother, who was almost blind, Was already 65 years old.
 December 25, 1891 It was one of the happiest yuletide celebration in Rizal’s life. They had a
happy family reunion.

7. Second Homecoming and the La Liga Filipina

→ Rizal Second Home Coming and La Liga Filipina (1892)
o May 8, 1892 Rizal wanted to return to Manila to confer with Governor Despujol regarding
the Borneo colonization project and to establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila and to
prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal) being
comfortable and safe in Hong Kong had abandoned the country’s cause.
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The Propaganda Movement
Propaganda means a “campaign of information as well as a bid for sympathy.” The
Propaganda Movement was a campaign by the native Filipinos calling for reforms in the
Philippines. The movement started in 1880 up to 1886 but the most critical period of activity is
between 1880 and 1895, a year before Rizal’s execution.
According to Dr. Domingo Abella, former director of the National Archives, the word
Propaganda Movement was misnamed. It should have been called Counter Propaganda
Movement, because their essential task was to counteract the campaign of misinformation that
certain Spanish groups were disseminating in Spain, and later in Rome.
Prominent members of the Propaganda Movement were:
(1) Jose Rizal author of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
(2) Graciano Lopez Iaena publisher of La Solidaridad, the movement’s principal organ
(3) Mariano Ponce the movement secretary
(4) Marcelo H. del Pilar
The aims of the Propaganda Movement were:
o Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the Spanish parliament.
o Secularization of the clergy Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality Creation of a
public school system independent of Catholic friars.
o Abolition of polo y servicios (labor service) and the bandala (forced sale of local products
to the government)
o Guarantee of basic freedoms
o Equal opportunity for'Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service
(Source: Teodoro Agoncillo, History of the Filipino People, Quezon City. Garotech Publishing,
1990)

Rizal’s Disapproval of Assimilation

Two (2) myths have been perpetuated in the history of the late 19th century Philippine
Nationalist Movement. The first myth is that Rizal was a bourgeoisie reformist who 1) opposed
the 1896 Revolution, and 2) advocated the assimilation of the Philippines to Spain.
According to this myth, Rizal's primary goal was the Hispanization of the Filipino, and not
the creation of an independent Filipino nation. The second myth pits Rizal and his La Liga
Filipina against Bonifacio and his Katipunan. This myth asserts that 1) Bonifacio was a poor and
unlettered laborer, and 2) that the Katipunan was an organization of the "poor and ignorant"
masses.
These two myths, which constitute a distortion of the past, have prevented the post-
colonial generation of Filipinos from gaining a better understanding of their nation's history. As
we Filipinos celebrate the centennial of the Bonifacio-led Revolution and Rizal's martyrdom,
these myths should be exposed and relegated to the dustbin of history. It is easy enough to
expose these myths by checking the historiographic evidence.
With regard to the first myth, a good way to begin is by a critical examination of Rizal‘s
correspondence, cat 1887-1892. It should be emphasized that as early as 1887, Rizal had
expressed the view that independence through peaceful struggle is nothing but a dream and
that seeking assimilation to Spain was a mistake, in two letters to his friend and mentor, the
German scholar Ferdinand Blumentritt
(Source: Flora Quibuyan, “Rizal and the Revolution”)

8. Last Trip Abroad

Rizal travelled from Dapitan to Manila by the steamer, Castilla because he missed Isla
de Luzon, to Spain and by that time, Andres Bonifacio started the Revolution in Balintawak,
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August 26, 1896. Upon arriving in Barcelona, he was arrested and taken to fortress Monjuich.
Afterwards General Eulogio Despujol sends back Rizal to Manila to be tried by the court.

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

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WEEK 6-7
Creative Timeline. Illustrate and describe the trip abroad of our National Hero. Present
only the significant dates, events, and travel experiences of Rizal. Include some
pictures. Make a timeline for his first trip, and a separate timeline for his second trip.

Rubrics

Criteria Points

Content/Facts 10
Facts are accurate for all important events reported on the timeline.

Accuracy 5
All dates, places, events, and people indicated on timeline are correct and
are sequenced in the proper order.

Mechanics 5
Punctuation, spelling, and capitalization were checked and are correct
throughout.

Creativity 5
Project is unique, does not look like the others. It shows creativity that works
and it has overall impact beauty.

Total Score 25

VII.

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WEEK 6-7
Reflective Writing. How did Jose Rizal influence the propaganda movement? How did the
propaganda movement still flourish amidst Rizal’s disapproval of the assimilation?

RUBRIC
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Criteria Excellent Fair Poor

(5) (3) (1)

Content Interesting content and Some interesting content; Gives the impression of
presentation; ideas well- points not sustainable or writing just to complete
conceived and developed not fully developed. for compliance.
with sufficient examples.

Organization Logical progression of ideas Logical progression but Disorganized

with well executed transition lacks transitions. presentation of ideas.
of ideas.

Grammar and Essay is free of distracting Essay has few spelling, Most spelling, punctuation
mechanics spelling, punctuation and punctuation, and and grammar create
grammatical errors. grammatical errors. reading difficult to
understand the concept.

Originality The ideas were presented Some ideas were copied The entire idea was
using the students’ own from books/ internet or from copied from books/
words. fellow students. internet or from fellow
students.

VIII. REFERENCES

Ariola, M. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Manila: Unlimited Books Library Services &
Publishing Inc.

De Viana, A., Cabrera, H., Samala, E., De Vera, M. & Atutubo, J. (2018). Jose Rizal: Social
Reformer and Patriot. Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Francisco, V., Francisco, PM., Dulay, M., Battung, J. & Bumidang, J. (2018). Rizal: A Modualr
Approach Based on the New CHED Curriculum. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.

Pangilinan, M. (2018). Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.

Pawilen, R., Crudo, ER., Guiwa, HI. & Pawilen, G. (2018). Course Module for The Life, Works,
and Writings of Rizal. Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Umali, V. et al. (2019). Jose Rizal: A Review on the Life and Works of the First Filipino.
Mandaluyong: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.

Zaide, G. & Zaide, S. (2008). Life, Works, and Writing of a Genius, Writer, scientist, and
National Hero. Quezon City: All Nations, Publishing Co. Inc.

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