Introduction to

Seaborn
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
 What is Seaborn?
Python data visualization library

Easily create the most common types of

plots

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Why is Seaborn useful?

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Advantages of Seaborn
Easy to use

Works well with pandas data structures

Built on top of matplotlib

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Getting started
Samuel Norman Seaborn ( sns )
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
"The West Wing" television show

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Example 1: Scatter plot
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
height = [62, 64, 69, 75, 66,
68, 65, 71, 76, 73]
weight = [120, 136, 148, 175, 137,
165, 154, 172, 200, 187]
sns.scatterplot(x=height, y=weight)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Example 2: Create a count plot
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
gender = ["Female", "Female",
"Female", "Female",
"Male", "Male", "Male",
"Male", "Male", "Male"]
sns.countplot(x=gender)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Using pandas with
Seaborn
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
What is pandas?
Python library for data analysis

Easily read datasets from csv, txt, and other types of les

Datasets take the form of DataFrame objects

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Working with DataFrames
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv("masculinity.csv")
df.head()

participant_id age how_masculine how_important

0 1 18 - 34 Somewhat Somewhat
1 2 18 - 34 Somewhat Somewhat
2 3 18 - 34 Very Not very
3 4 18 - 34 Very Not very
4 5 18 - 34 Very Very

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Using DataFrames with countplot()
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
df = pd.read_csv("masculinity.csv")
sns.countplot(x="how_masculine",
data=df)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN
 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Adding a third
variable with hue
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
 Tips dataset
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")
tips.head()

total_bill tip sex smoker day time size

0 16.99 1.01 Female No Sun Dinner 2
1 10.34 1.66 Male No Sun Dinner 3
2 21.01 3.50 Male No Sun Dinner 3
3 23.68 3.31 Male No Sun Dinner 2
4 24.59 3.61 Female No Sun Dinner 4

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 A basic scatter plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.scatterplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips)

plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 A scatter plot with hue
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.scatterplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
hue="smoker")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Setting hue order
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.scatterplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
hue="smoker",
hue_order=["Yes",
"No"])
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Specifying hue colors
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
hue_colors = {"Yes": "black",
"No": "red"}
sns.scatterplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
hue="smoker",
palette=hue_colors)

plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN
 Using HTML hex color codes with hue
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

hue_colors = {"Yes": "#808080",

"No": "#00FF00"}

sns.scatterplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
hue="smoker",
palette=hue_colors)
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Using hue with count plots
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.countplot(x="smoker",
data=tips,
hue="sex")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Introduction to
relational plots and
subplots
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
Questions about quantitative variables
Relational plots

Height vs. weight

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Questions about quantitative variables
Relational plots

Height vs. weight

Number of school absences vs. nal grade

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Questions about quantitative variables
Relational plots

Height vs. weight

Number of school absences vs. nal grade

GDP vs. percent literate

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Introducing relplot()
Create "relational plots": sca er plots or line plots

Why use relplot() instead of scatterplot() ?

relplot() lets you create subplots in a single gure

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 scatterplot() vs. relplot()
Using scatterplot() Using relplot()

import seaborn as sns import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.scatterplot(x="total_bill", sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip", y="tip",
data=tips) data=tips,
kind="scatter")
plt.show()
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Subplots in columns
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
col="smoker")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Subplots in rows
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
row="smoker")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Subplots in rows and columns
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
col="smoker",
row="time")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Subgroups for days of the week

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Wrapping columns
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
col="day",
col_wrap=2)
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Ordering columns
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
col="day",
col_wrap=2,
col_order=["Thur",
"Fri",
"Sat",
"Sun"])
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Customizing scatter
plots
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
Scatter plot overview
Show relationship between two quantitative variables

We've seen:

Subplots ( col and row )

Subgroups with color ( hue )

New Customizations:

Subgroups with point size and style

Changing point transparency

Use with both scatterplot() and relplot()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Subgroups with point size
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
size="size")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Point size and hue
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
size="size",
hue="size")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Subgroups with point style
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
hue="smoker",
style="smoker")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Changing point transparency
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Set alpha to be between 0 and 1

sns.relplot(x="total_bill",
y="tip",
data=tips,
kind="scatter",
alpha=0.4)
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Introduction to line
plots
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
What are line plots?
Two types of relational plots: sca er plots and
line plots

Sca er plots

Each plot point is an independent

observation

Line plots

Each plot point represents the same

"thing", typically tracked over time

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Air pollution data
Collection stations throughout city

Air samples of nitrogen dioxide levels

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Scatter plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2_mean",
data=air_df_mean,
kind="scatter")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Line plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2_mean",
data=air_df_mean,
kind="line")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Subgroups by location

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Subgroups by location
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2_mean",
data=air_df_loc_mean,
kind="line",
style="location",
hue="location")
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Adding markers
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2_mean",
data=air_df_loc_mean,
kind="line",
style="location",
hue="location",
markers=True)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Turning off line style
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2_mean",
data=air_df_loc_mean,
kind="line",
style="location",
hue="location",
markers=True,
dashes=False)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Multiple observations per x-value

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Multiple observations per x-value
Sca er plot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2",
data=air_df,
kind="scatter")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Multiple observations per x-value
Line plot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2",
data=air_df,
kind="line")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Multiple observations per x-value
Shaded region is the con dence interval

Assumes dataset is a random sample

95% con dent that the mean is within this

interval

Indicates uncertainty in our estimate

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Replacing confidence interval with standard deviation
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2",
data=air_df,
kind="line",
ci="sd")
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Turning off confidence interval
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.relplot(x="hour", y="NO_2",
data=air_df,
kind="line",
ci=None)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Count plots and bar
plots
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
Categorical plots
Examples: count plots, bar plots

Involve a categorical variable

Comparisons between groups

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

catplot()
Used to create categorical plots

Same advantages of relplot()

Easily create subplots with col= and row=

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

countplot() vs. catplot()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.countplot(x="how_masculine",
data=masculinity_data)

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

countplot() vs. catplot()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="how_masculine",
data=masculinity_data,
kind="count")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Changing the order
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
category_order = ["No answer",
"Not at all",
"Not very",
"Somewhat",
"Very"]
sns.catplot(x="how_masculine",
data=masculinity_data,
kind="count",
order=category_order)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Bar plots
Displays mean of quantitative variable per
category

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="day",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="bar")

plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Confidence intervals
Lines show 95% con dence intervals for the
mean

Shows uncertainty about our estimate

Assumes our data is a random sample

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Turning off confidence intervals
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="day",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="bar",
ci=None)
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Changing the orientation
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="total_bill",
y="day",
data=tips,
kind="bar")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Creating a box plot
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
 What is a box plot?
Shows the distribution of quantitative data

See median, spread, skewness, and outliers

Facilitates comparisons between groups

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 How to create a box plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

g = sns.catplot(x="time",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="box")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Change the order of categories
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

g = sns.catplot(x="time",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="box",
order=["Dinner",
"Lunch"])
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Omitting the outliers using `sym`
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

g = sns.catplot(x="time",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="box",
sym="")
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Changing the whiskers using `whis`
By default, the whiskers extend to 1.5 * the interquartile range

Make them extend to 2.0 * IQR: whis=2.0

Show the 5th and 95th percentiles: whis=[5, 95]

Show min and max values: whis=[0, 100]

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Changing the whiskers using `whis`
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

g = sns.catplot(x="time",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="box",
whis=[0, 100])
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Point plots
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
 What are point plots?
Points show mean of quantitative variable

Vertical lines show 95% con dence

intervals

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Line plot: average level of nitrogen dioxide Point plot: average restaurant bill, smokers vs.
over time non-smokers

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Point plots vs. line plots
Both show:

Mean of quantitative variable

95% con dence intervals for the mean

Di erences:

Line plot has quantitative variable (usually time) on x-axis

Point plot has categorical variable on x-axis

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Point plots vs. bar plots
Both show:

Mean of quantitative variable

95% con dence intervals for the mean

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Point plots vs. bar plots

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Creating a point plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Disconnecting the points
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point",
join=False)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Displaying the median
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="smoker",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="point")

plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Displaying the median
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from numpy import median

sns.catplot(x="smoker",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="point",
estimator=median)

plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Customizing the confidence intervals
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="smoker",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="point",
capsize=0.2)
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Turning off confidence intervals
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.catplot(x="smoker",
y="total_bill",
data=tips,
kind="point",
ci=None)
plt.show()

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Changing plot style
and color
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
Why customize?
Reasons to change style:

Personal preference

Improve readability

Guide interpretation

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Changing the figure style
Figure "style" includes background and axes

Preset options: "white", "dark", "whitegrid", "darkgrid", "ticks"

sns.set_style()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Default figure style ("white")
sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Figure style: "whitegrid"
sns.set_style("whitegrid")

sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Other styles
sns.set_style("ticks")

sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Other styles
sns.set_style("dark")

sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Other styles
sns.set_style("darkgrid")

sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Changing the palette
Figure "pale e" changes the color of the main elements of the plot

sns.set_palette()

Use preset pale es or create a custom pale e

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Diverging palettes

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Example (default palette)
category_order = ["No answer",
"Not at all",
"Not very",
"Somewhat",
"Very"]

sns.catplot(x="how_masculine",
data=masculinity_data,
kind="count",
order=category_order)

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Example (diverging palette)
sns.set_palette("RdBu")

category_order = ["No answer",

"Not at all",
"Not very",
"Somewhat",
"Very"]

sns.catplot(x="how_masculine",
data=masculinity_data,
kind="count",
order=category_order)

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Sequential palettes

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Sequential palette example

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Custom palettes
custom_palette = ["red", "green", "orange", "blue",
"yellow", "purple"]

sns.set_palette(custom_palette)

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Custom palettes
custom_palette = ['#FBB4AE', '#B3CDE3', '#CCEBC5',
'#DECBE4', '#FED9A6', '#FFFFCC',
'#E5D8BD', '#FDDAEC', '#F2F2F2']

sns.set_palette(custom_palette)

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Changing the scale
Figure "context" changes the scale of the plot elements and labels

sns.set_context()

Smallest to largest: "paper", "notebook", "talk", "poster"

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Default context: "paper"
sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Larger context: "talk"
sns.set_context("talk")

sns.catplot(x="age",
y="masculinity_important",
data=masculinity_data,
hue="feel_masculine",
kind="point")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Adding titles and
labels: Part 1
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
Creating informative visualizations

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

FacetGrid vs. AxesSubplot objects
Seaborn plots create two di erent types of objects: FacetGrid and AxesSubplot

g = sns.scatterplot(x="height", y="weight", data=df)

type(g)

> matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

An Empty FacetGrid

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

FacetGrid vs. AxesSubplot objects
Object Type Plot Types Characteristics

FacetGrid relplot() , catplot() Can create subplots

AxesSubplot scatterplot() , countplot() , etc. Only creates a single plot

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Adding a title to FacetGrid
g = sns.catplot(x="Region",
y="Birthrate",
data=gdp_data,
kind="box")
g.fig.suptitle("New Title")
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Adjusting height of title in FacetGrid
g = sns.catplot(x="Region",
y="Birthrate",
data=gdp_data,
kind="box")

g.fig.suptitle("New Title",
y=1.03)

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Adding titles and
labels: Part 2
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
Adding a title to AxesSubplot
FacetGrid AxesSubplot

g = sns.catplot(x="Region", g = sns.boxplot(x="Region",
y="Birthrate", y="Birthrate",
data=gdp_data, data=gdp_data)
kind="box")

g.fig.suptitle("New Title", g.set_title("New Title",

y=1.03) y=1.03)

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Titles for subplots
g = sns.catplot(x="Region",
y="Birthrate",
data=gdp_data,
kind="box",
col="Group")

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Titles for subplots
g = sns.catplot(x="Region",
y="Birthrate",
data=gdp_data,
kind="box",
col="Group")

g.fig.suptitle("New Title",
y=1.03)

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Titles for subplots
g = sns.catplot(x="Region",
y="Birthrate",
data=gdp_data,
kind="box",
col="Group")

g.fig.suptitle("New Title",
y=1.03)

g.set_titles("This is {col_name}")

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Adding axis labels
g = sns.catplot(x="Region",
y="Birthrate",
data=gdp_data,
kind="box")
`
g.set(xlabel="New X Label",
ylabel="New Y Label")

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Rotating x-axis tick labels
g = sns.catplot(x="Region",
y="Birthrate",
data=gdp_data,
kind="box")
plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Putting it all
together
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
Getting started
To import Seaborn:

import seaborn as sns

To import Matplotlib:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

To show a plot:

plt.show()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Relational plots
Show the relationship between two quantitative variables

Examples: sca er plots, line plots

sns.relplot(x="x_variable_name",
y="y_variable_name",
data=pandas_df,
kind="scatter")

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Categorical plots
Show the distribution of a quantitative variable within categories de ned by a categorical
variable

Examples: bar plots, count plots, box plots, point plots

sns.catplot(x="x_variable_name",
y="y_variable_name",
data=pandas_df,
kind="bar")

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Adding a third variable (hue)
Se ing hue will create subgroups that are
displayed as di erent colors on a single plot.

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Adding a third variable (row/col)
Se ing row and/or col in relplot() or
catplot() will create subgroups that are
displayed on separate subplots.

1 Waskom, M. L. (2021). seaborn: statistical data visualization. h ps://seaborn.pydata.org/

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Customization
Change the background: sns.set_style()

Change the main element colors: sns.set_palette()

Change the scale: sns.set_context()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Adding a title
Object Type Plot Types How to Add Title

FacetGrid relplot() , catplot() g.fig.suptitle()

AxesSubplot scatterplot() , countplot() , etc. g.set_title()

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Final touches
Add x- and y-axis labels:

g.set(xlabel="new x-axis label",

ylabel="new y-axis label")

Rotate x-tick labels:

plt.xticks(rotation=90)

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Let's practice!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N
 Well done! What's
next?
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N

Erin Case
Data Scientist
Where does Seaborn fit in?

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Where does Seaborn fit in?

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Next Steps: Explore and communicate results

Next steps:

Seaborn advanced visualizations

Matplotlib advanced customizations

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Next steps: Gather data

Next steps:

Python

SQL

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Next steps: Transform and clean

Next steps:

Ge ing data into pandas DataFrames

Cleaning data

Transforming into tidy format

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

Next steps: Analyze and build models

Next steps:

Statistical analysis

Calculating and interpreting con dence intervals

INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH SEABORN

 Congratulations!
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H S E A B O R N