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Understanding Load Factors in Structural Design

Nominal Strength (N) = Strength of a member calculated using Strength Design Method Strength Reduction Factor = factor that accounts for (1) Variations in material strengths and dimensions (2) Inaccuracies in the design equations (3) Degree of ductility and required reliability of member (4) Importance of member in the structure Bending φ = 0.90 or determine by Equ. As in the next lecture Shear and Torsion φ = 0.75 Compression φ = 0.65 (column with ties) or 0.7 (column with spirals)

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342 views7 pages

Understanding Load Factors in Structural Design

Nominal Strength (N) = Strength of a member calculated using Strength Design Method Strength Reduction Factor = factor that accounts for (1) Variations in material strengths and dimensions (2) Inaccuracies in the design equations (3) Degree of ductility and required reliability of member (4) Importance of member in the structure Bending φ = 0.90 or determine by Equ. As in the next lecture Shear and Torsion φ = 0.75 Compression φ = 0.65 (column with ties) or 0.7 (column with spirals)

Uploaded by

Anwar Jabar Qadersheen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lecture 2

Structure II

Third stage
Department of Architectural Engineering
College of Engineering
University of Babylon
Type of Loads

• Dead load
• Live load
•
•
•
•
Live Load
Load Factors
Factored Load= Load Factors × Service load
Dead Load Factor = 1.2
Live Load Factor = 1.6

Ultimate load = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL

Ultimate moment Mu =
Strength Reduction Factors
Nominal Strength (N) = Strength of a member calculated using Strength Design Method
Strength Reduction Factor = factor that accounts for
(1) Variations in material strengths and dimensions
(2) Inaccuracies in the design equations
(3) Degree of ductility and required reliability of member
(4) Importance of member in the structure
Bending φ = 0.90 or determine by Equ. As in the next lecture
Shear and Torsion φ = 0.75
Compression φ = 0.65 (column with ties) or 0.7 (column with spirals)
φMn= Mu , φVn=Vu , φPn=Pu where:
n = Nominal strength
u = Ultimate load
Known dimensions and unknown reinforcement

Check φMn
Calculate Mu Check φ
>Mu

𝜑 = 0.9 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑡
𝜑 = 0.483 + 83.3 𝜖𝑡 > 0.65 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑡
Find ρmax and Check
𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝜖𝑐𝑢
ρmin ρmax>ρ>ρmin 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜌𝑡 = 0.85𝛽1 ,
𝑓𝑦 𝜖𝑐𝑢 + 0.005
𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐
𝜖𝑡 = 𝜖𝑐𝑢 ∗ , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑡 ≈ 𝑑
𝑐
Assume φ=0.9 Compute ρ 𝑎 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑐 = ,𝑎 = =
𝛽1 0.85 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏 0.85 𝑓 ′ 𝑐

1.4 𝑓𝑐 ′
0.85 𝑖𝑓 ( 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ≤ 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎) 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = max( , )
𝑓𝑦 4𝑓𝑦
𝑓 ′ 𝑐 − 30
𝛽1 = 0.85 − 0.05 𝑖𝑓 (30 < 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ≤ 56) 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝜖𝑐𝑢
7 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1
𝑓𝑦 𝜖𝑐𝑢 + 0.004
0.65 𝑖𝑓 ( 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 > 56 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 1 − 0.59𝜌
𝑓 ′𝑐
Unknown dimensions and reinforcement

If Select steel Check φMn


unknown Select d
reinforcement >Mu
self-weight

Compute
Find b dimensions of
beam 𝜑 = 0.9 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑡
𝜑 = 0.483 + 83.3 𝜖𝑡 > 0.65 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑡
𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝜖𝑐𝑢
assume ρ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜌𝑡 = 0.85𝛽1 ,
Other- 𝑓𝑦 𝜖𝑐𝑢 + 0.005
wise Compute Mu between 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐
go to ρmax>ρ>ρmin 𝜖𝑡 = 𝜖𝑐𝑢 ∗ , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑡 ≈ 𝑑
𝑐
0.85 𝑖𝑓 ( 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ≤ 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
1.4 𝑓𝑐 ′
𝑓 ′ 𝑐 − 30 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = max( , )
𝛽1 = 0.85 − 0.05 𝑖𝑓 (30 < 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ≤ 56) 𝑓𝑦 4𝑓𝑦
7
0.65 𝑖𝑓 ( 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 > 56 𝑀𝑃𝑎) 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝜖𝑐𝑢
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1
𝑓𝑦 𝜖𝑐𝑢 + 0.004

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 1 − 0.59𝜌
𝑓 ′𝑐

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