Nursery and landscape
Nursery management :
Nursery :
The place where planting material are raised either by seeds or vegetative cuttings means with care before transplanting at
desired site is called nursery .
When the young plant raised by seed sometimes this process is also called nursery.
The nursery management and plant propagation are same though they are altogether different but enter related .
In fact the nursery management is the place were grow large amount of plants by seeds or vegetative method and easily
transferred plant to another place ..
In nursery management provide all favourable condition to grow plants by seeds .
The main points of nursery management are :
First see the demand of planting materials .
Provision of mother block
Requirement of land area
Think a proper layout
Water supply management
Collect all working tools .
Growing structure and inputs availability
Accessibility
Trained main power
Plant protection management
Disposal of planting materials .
Planning edaphoclimatic and socio -economic consideration .
There are three key elements for nursery management :
1. The place - select the proper site to grow plant nursery .
2. The plant - see the demands of paints
3. The person behind - choose the trained person for grow nursery plants .
(1) The place :
a) First selection of site :
In our country there was lots of problems are faces to select the proper site to grow nursery plants .
If we think we select a proper site for our nursery so its not possible because in one place is not have all favourable
conditions so we require some compromise .
When we invest our time and money in nursery so we check it first that all things are gone proper or not because when you
start a plant nursery you take care them very carefully because it affect the returns from the vestment .
So select the site and mange all tools and their materials .
B) Layout :
Select a perfect master plan is required otherwise improper layout plan will cause considerable anixity yo nursery
manager in future .
When make a layout of nursery show all the points like length of boundry for fencing . it should be rectangular or square
shape.
For setting up of a commerce nursery provision of wind break / shelter break must be done all along the boundary not only
to protect against hot wind and wild life but also modify the micro climatic situation .
The nursery should be connected from the main road for better approach or disposal of produce plants .
There should be all proper provision for main road and path , irrigation system , drainage channels , mother block , nursery
beds , growing structure , store compost pit , etc .
(2) The plant :
a) Propagation techniques and plant types :
There are multiple type of planting material based on agro climatic situations, for e.g . fruits , vegetable , ornamental plants
, mixed plants types and farmer demand .
The important arid zone fruits are : date palm , ber, guava , etc which can be grown successfully .
There are many vegetables like melon, cluster, brinjal etc,
In fruit crop normally seed propagation is not recommended ,
Some veagetables are grown directly sowing the seeds in the field , and some veagetables are first sown in the nursery
beds where seedlings are raised and then transplanted in the field at desire site .
When prepare a seed bed remove the weeds and stones from the soil .
The height of raised bed should be 10-15 cm with width of 1.25 m and length may be according to requirement .
Then mixed the FYM in soil to improve the fertility of soil .
Before perparing the nursery bed soil should be drenched with 0.4 per cent formaldehyde or 0.3 per cent copper
oxychloride to kill pathogens in the soil .
There fore , there is need to educate the farmers about the standard of quality planting materials , which differ with the plant
types.
(3) The person behind :
The mostely success depend upon the person who is dealing the whole affairs of nursery management .
The nursery manager mostely known everything about business .
He should always touch with organization working on nursery management and analyze the whole activity .
Ability to use innovation as tool
Strong team sprite
Courage the face uncertainties .
Nursery manager should see all activities in courage the workers for better outcome .
Perpare the media foe raising nursery :
For germination of seed or directly planted vegetative part of plant and their root and shoot development proper media is
required .
To prepare a good media must have good soil, compost , farmyard manure saw dust , sand peat vermiculture moss having
better water holding with acidic pH .
Sometime gypsum and pyrie are also added in the beds while raising the nursery .
In sometime organic media may also contain some toxic material to plants , especially when fresh .
The media should have sufficient amount of plant nutrients .
Sandy and loam soil are good foe for midia pirperation
Make soil free form disease especially damping off it may be disinfected by soil fumigant .
In general the media should have following characteristics :
It should be decomposed material with high C/N ratio.
It should have good water holding capacity .
It should be free from weed seeds and harm full pathogens .
Slightly acidic medium is preferred .
Use of containers :
Some polythene / poly bags is very use full particially under sandy soil . it is normally transparent but black and blue colured
polythen bags are also used .
Irrigation , weed and nutrient management :
Flood irrigation is not recommended under sandy .
Fir irrigation sprinkler system is suitable for nursery plants .
If plants are raised in beds the bed should be kept fresh not wet too much watering creates superficial root system .
Irrigation water should be 6.5 to 7.5 pH and free from harmful salts .
Weeding in the nursery bed should be done as early as possible .
Use of FYM for weed infestation .
Important organic manures, which are used foe nursery beds: FYM compost , leaf mould , oil cakes and wood ash .they are give
proper nutrients for plants growth .
Management of pest , disease and natural enimes :
(1) Pests:
Termite : they damage a root portions , affected plants turns yellowish showing wilting of leafs and tender twigs .
For control :keep the nursery clean , do not used undecomposed organic mannuers , apply chemical like choloropyriphos
20ec (2.0%).
Defoliaters : rolling of leaves , feeding of leave tissue etc. They can be controlled by spraying endosulphon (0.01%) or
monocrotophous (0.03%) at 10 - 15 days interval
(2) Diseases:
Damping off : mostly damping off occurs at tender stage of seedlings . the seedling topple down and dry up .
For Controlling : drenching of seed bed with 4% farmilidihyde pr 0.3% copper oxychloride .
Collar rot : the fungus is air born and infects in collar region of the plants . the disease can be controlled by soil drenching
with dithe Z - 78 (0.2%) .
Disposel of produce :
The nursery manger must contact the users and even he should do advance booking . the planting stocks a delicate , hence
they should be hardly carefully .
Noe a days wooden or preferred paper boxes are used for long distance transit .
Landscaping
Importance of landscaping :
Landscape planting involves the interrogation of space and other assertive devices, to m met optimally meet human needs the
branch of horticulture is a fertile field , in which architecture and horticulture are combined to achieve the knowledge of plants
and their cultural beauty and utility . the primary requirement before undertaking landscaping at a place is the plan which
indicates the permanent features like road , rocks large trees, etc.
Planning a garden is an art . this require an in depth knowledge of plants , soil, topography and local environment conditions .
What is landscape:
A landscape can be defined as an area, either large or small , in which but it is possible or conceivable to mold any scene or
design .
Landscaping gardening : this can be forms and method of the garden to improve this landscape . the art of diggings is known
as landscape architecture. Is known although the older term ‘ landscaping gardeners is also a popular term.
Important ideas for gardening :
1) A garden should be its own creation and not an imitation keeping the local atmosphere at night .
2) Take advantage of the natural topography when designing a garden .
3) Before planing th design , the purpose for which the garden should be ensured , the beauty of utility or both should be
determined .
4) A good should do land cape design in the available space .
5) The natural topography should be retained .
Principles of gardening :
Initial approach :
1. A good designer should do landscaping design in th available space .
2. The natural topography should be retained .
Axis :
1) It is an imaginary line in any garden , creating a balance around it .
2) Formal garden , the central line is the axis .
Collective effect :
1. A large number of single plant species are used at the location to increase the mass effect .
2. One should see the such a collective system should not be monotonous , there may be ideas of mass saran .
Unity :
Unity is very important in the garden and this will improve the artistic appearance of the garden , unity has to achieved from
different perspective . firstly the unity style sense and functions has to be achieved between the building and the garden .
secondly the various components of overall immersion of the garden rather than to show off certain features. Lately , it is
important to create harmony between the outdoors and the gardens .
Location :
The purpose of every garden should be such that the bunnies appear enlarged . one way to archive this is to large open space ,
preferably under the law and restrict planting in the periphery , usually avoiding planting in middle .
Such planting will not obs trust the view or make the garden saleroom than its size .
Divisional lines:
There should be no hard and no sharp dividing lines in a landscape garden .
Ratio and scale :
Proportion in a garden can be defined as a definite relationship between various elements . for example , a rectangle with the
ratio 5:8 is considered as building ratio . as this ratio comes down , neither a square look nor a rectangle and the design becomes
undesirable .
The decision of scale and proportion depends entirely on personal experience and wearing knowledge of plants .
Texture :
Nature ‘s texture of the surface of garden is known as . the texture of the ground , the leaves of a tree, etc . will all determine
the overall effect of the garden . the leaves of a tree etc , etc will all determine the overall effect of the garden .
Generally there are three types of texture , the size of a fine medium and thick plant depends on its leaf size , branching
arrangements and rate destiny .
Light and time :
The light and time is very important should be planned in such way that it is possible to sit in a shady place in the afternoon ,
from the best part of the garden can be seen . the growth habits of plants play an important role in choosing the right place for
them in the garden and planing has to be done accordingly .
Important of landscaping :
Landscaping is very important as it contributes significantly to our well being and quality of life . there are endless benefits to
building . landscape makes nostalgic areas planing. Through this , ordinary homes and offices an be transferred into luxurious ,
warm and livable place . landscaping direct the flows of water , per venting future trouble. Well planned-and implemented
landscape provides trees foe shade, buses for cool airs and open space for snow in winter . in this way various types of benefits
which are as follow.
1. Increase the economies benefit beautiful landscaping .
2. Landscaping with woody plots all it takes to reduce soil erosion .
3. Tree and plants are helpful in increasing tourism revenue .
4. The landscaping industry promotes job opportunities .
5. Gardening provide as good environment for physical exercise.
