Bourbon Triumvirate

• After Reconstruction,
______________________________________________________________ rose to power
in the South.
• Bourbons believed that the South should rely ___________________________ and more on
industry.
• In Georgia, three Bourbon leaders
__________________________________________________________________ from
1872 to 1890: Joseph E. Brown, John B. Gordon, and Alfred H. Colquitt.
• The ___________________________ supported policies that replaced Georgia’s former large
plantation-owning class with a new middle and business class.
• They also expanded railroads and increased industrialization,
_____________________________________________________________________ in
Georgia.
• They promoted “___________________________ ” in order to keep the political support of
white racists.
Joseph E. Brown
• Joseph Brown was a ___________________________ who was Georgia’s governor during the
Civil War.
• He served four terms as the state’s governor until he was named
___________________________ of the Georgia Supreme Court.
• Brown eventually served Georgia as a ___________________________ from 1880-1891.
• He became one of the state’s ___________________________ .
John B. Gordon
• John B. Gordon was a Civil War general who later became the
____________________________________________________ in Georgia.
• He became a ___________________________ in 1872 and resigned in 1880.
• In 1886, Gordon became ___________________________ for two terms.
• He returned to the Senate for one more term before ___________________________ .
Alfred H. Colquitt
• Alfred H. Colquitt was educated at ___________________________ .
• He owned slaves before the Civil War and served in the ___________________________ .
• Colquitt was a ___________________________ and often taught Sunday school in black
churches.
• Colquitt served as the state’s ______________________________________________ after
Reconstruction from 1877 to 1882.
Henry Grady
• Henry Grady was _____________________________________________________ from
1880 to 1889, and used his newspaper to promote what he labeled the
“___________________________ ”.
• Grady believed the South needed to
________________________________________________________ and become more
like the North economically.
• He tried to get northern businesses to ___________________________________________ ,
and convinced many northerners to invest in Atlanta.
© 2014 Brain Wrinkles
 Cotton Expo
• In 1881, Henry Grady promoted Georgia’s first International Cotton Exposition, an industrial fair
that spotlighted attention on the
__________________________________________________ .
• The exposition attracted 200,000 paid visitors and showed the country that Georgia was
__________________________________________________ .
• Georgia went on to __________________________________________________ ,
attracting people from 33 states and 7 countries.
Tom Watson
• During the 1880s, most farmers were ___________________________ and falling further and
further into debt.
• __________________________________________________ dramatically and labor was
hard to find after slaves were freed.
• Georgia lawyer Tom Watson criticized Grady’s New South because he claimed it
_____________________________________________ .
• In 1890, Watson won a seat in Congress and
__________________________________________________ in Washington.
Populists
• In 1891, the ___________________________ (commonly known as Populist Party) was
organized by farmers and Tom Watson became the party’s leader in Georgia.
• Watson’s greatest reform was the
__________________________________________________ which provided free mail
delivery to rural farmers.
• Populists __________________________________________________ and urged farmers
to work together for their cause.
• The Populists challenged the dominate Democratic Party in Georgia by threatening to split the
white vote and to __________________________________________________ .
County Unit System
• Many rural Georgians came to fear that they were being ___________________________ of
the political process.
• In response, the state adopted the
__________________________________________________ for its political primaries.
• Under the unit system, the candidate that won the _________________________________
won the election.
• The eight most populous counties ______________________________________ , with each
of the remaining counties receiving less.
• Whoever won the most votes in the county,
_______________________________________________________________ .
• The effect was that small, rural counties ended up
__________________________________________________ over who won than heavily
populated counties.
• Even though most of the population lived in a handful of counties, the rest of the counties had
enough unit votes to __________________________________________________ all by
themselves.
• Many saw the __________________________________________________ because it
meant that certain candidates could win even if the majority of the people in the state voted for
someone else.
• The system did __________________________________________________ and in 1962,
the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the county unit system.
© 2014 Brain Wrinkles
 Rebecca Felton
• Rebecca Latimer Felton was the wife of progressive congressman William H. Felton, who
_________________________________________________ .
• Felton was active in politics and was the South’s best-known campaigner for
___________________________ .
• Although Georgia disappointed her by rejecting the 19th Amendment, enough states eventually
ratified it and women won their _________________________________________________
.
• Two years later, 87-year-old Felton served as one of Georgia’s US Senators when the governor
appointed her to fill the _________________________________________________ until a
special election could be held.
• Although she served for only two days, Felton made history as the
_________________________________________________ .
1906 Atlanta Riot
• The period from 1890 to 1930 was the
_________________________________________________ in Georgia’s history.
• In September 1906, growing racial tensions resulted in the ___________________________
Atlanta Race Riot.
• A white mob started the riot, in part due to ___________________________ that black men
had assaulted several white women.
• Hoke Smith was running for governor and
_________________________________________________ with his appeals to white
racism in an attempt to win votes.
• The mob _________________________________________________ and killed several
business owners.
• At least ___________________________ during the violence.
Leo Frank Case
• African-Americans were not the only
_________________________________________________ during the early 1900s.
• Leo Frank was a _________________________________________________ in Atlanta.
• In 1913, he was convicted of _________________________________________________ , a
13-year-old female worker.
• The trial was filled with conflicting testimony and ___________________________ .
• Frank was sentenced to life in prison, but two years later, citizens from Mary’s hometown in
Marietta _________________________________________________ from an oak tree.
• Decades later, new evidence revealed that the murder was most likely
_________________________________________________ .
• The state _________________________________________________ after his lynching, but
the case symbolized Southerners’ strong anti-Semitic feelings at the time.
© 2014 Brain Wrinkles