LESSON 4

Interpret Drawings and Plans

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1. analyze signs, symbols and data;

LO 2. interpret technical drawings and plans; and
LO 3. apply freehand sketching.

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 Definition of Terms

Axis – line about which a body turns or rotates

Design – drawing showing the plan, elevations, sections, and other features.

Detail drawing – separate drawing showing a small part of a machine or structure

Dimension – definite measure shown on a drawing in detail

Isometric Drawing – drawing which resembles a respective drawing

Orthographic Projection – arrangement in a drawing of the three principal views of an

object

Perspective Drawing – the representation of an object on a plan surface, pertaining to

materials, styles and finish presented as to have the same appearances as when seen from
a particular viewpoint

Projections – the cutting out of any part or any member of a structure

Reduced – made smaller than the actual size as in the size of object

Scaled Drawing – drawing plan made according to a scale, smaller than the actual work

Sketch – freehand drawing of an object

Specification – written instruction to the worker containing all the information

CARPENTRY 61
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

Analyze signs, symbols and data

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 Sign, symbols, and data are identified according to job specifications.

 Sign, symbols, and data are determined according to classification or as
appropriate in drawing.

Materials
1. Drawing Paper 3. Plans
2. Pencil 4. Drawing Instruments

What Do You Already Know?

Pretest LO 1

Let us determine how much you already know about analyzing signs, symbols
and data. Take this test.

Directions: Match Column A with Column B.

Column A Column B
1. Very light line used to “block in” an object. These lines are a. Long break line
made so light that little or no erasing is needed. They serve
as base for darkening in the permanent line
2. Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing b. Dimension line
3. A medium line used to show edges and contours visible to c. Centerline
the eye
4. A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible d. Invisible line
to the eye
5. A light line used as axis of symmetry e. Visible line
6. Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object. f. Borderline
Extension lights start about 1/16” from visible or object line.
The dimension line is broken near the center for the
dimension.
7. Wavy line draws freehand for the same purpose as long g. Construction
break. line

Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items
correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to
gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

CARPENTRY 62
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Need To Know?

Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1.

Information Sheet 1.1

DRAWING SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

Alphabet of Lines

In sketching orthographic drawing, certain conventional lines are used for a definite
purpose. These lines are commonly called Alphabet of Lines.

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USES OF ALPHABET OF LINES

Construction line Very light line used to “block in” an object. These lines are
made so light that little or no erasing is needed. They serve as
base for darkening in the permanent line

Borderline Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing

Visible line A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible to
the eye.

Invisible line A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible to
the eye.

Centerline A light line used as axis of symmetry. Used for center of circle
and arcs. Sometimes the symbol is shown

Dimension line Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object. Extension
lights start about 1/16” from visible or object line. The
dimension line is broken near the center for the dimension.

Long break line Heavy line draws freehand for same purpose as long break.

CARPENTRY 64
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 How Much Have You Learned?
Self-Check 1.1

Directions: Enumerate the different kinds of lines.

1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
6. __________________________________
7. __________________________________
8. __________________________________
9. __________________________________
10. __________________________________

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

How Do You Apply What You Have

Learned?
Show that you learned something by doing this activity.

Operation Sheet 1.1

Directions: Identify the kinds of line used in any drawing in carpentry.

CARPENTRY 65
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Interpret technical drawings and plans

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
 Necessary tools, materials and equipment are identified according to the plan.
 Components, assemblies or object are recognized as per job requirement.
 Dimensions and specification are identified according to job requirements.

Materials

 Drawing Paper
 Pencil
 Plans
 Drawing Instruments

What Do You Already Know?

Pretest LO 2

Directions: Identify the different tools and materials in carpentry.

1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________
8. __________________________________________________
9. __________________________________________________
10. __________________________________________________

Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items
correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to
gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

CARPENTRY 66
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Need To Know?

Read Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 2.1.

Information Sheet 2.1

CENTER TABLE COMPONENTS

Legs – 4 pcs. 45 mm x 45mm x500 mm wood (tanguile)

Rails – (short) 2 pieces 25 mmx70 mm x 600 mm
Rails – (long) 2 pieces 25 mm x 70mm x 800 mm
Top – 1pcs 25mmx600 x 800mm plywood/ plyboard
Assemblies Joints
 Mortise and tendon joint – for the rails and legs (see details on the attached working
drawing)
Dimensions and specification (See dimensions and specifications on the attached working
drawing)

1. Legs must be tapered.

2. All joints must be filled with glue.
3. All wood used must be tanguile.
4. All dimensions must be in millimeters.

IDENTIFYING TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

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K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 2.1

Directions: Answer the following questions about constructing a center table.

A. What are the different components of the center table based on the working drawing?

1.
2.
3.
4.

B. What are the specified joints used in joining the legs and rails of the center table?
1.
2.

C. List down different specifications on the construction of the center table.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

CARPENTRY 68
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 LEARNING OUTCOME 3

Apply freehand sketching

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 Correct freehand sketching is produced in accordance with the job

requirements.

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about applying freehand sketching.
Take this test.

Pretest LO 3

Directions: Do the Orthographic Drawing of the Given Isometric Figure.

Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly,
proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge
and skills required for mastery.

CARPENTRY 69
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Need To Know?
Read Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 3.1.

Information Sheet 3.1

STEPS IN SKETCHING AN ISOMETRIC BOX

1. Draw a vertical axis.

2. Draw left and right axis.

3. Determine the width and length of the box and then draw a vertical line

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4. Draw a left and right axis to the determined height of the box.

5. Project a line parallel to the left and right axis

6. Label the box to determine the top, front and the right side view

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K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
STEPS IN SKETCHING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING

1. Study the object to be drawn (See isometric drawing on operation sheet (3-1)

2. Draw the top view, front view and the right side view

3. Draw a simple drawing using block as model. Try to study the given view.

SKETCHING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING

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STEPS IN SKETCHING ISOMETRIC DRAWING OF A GIVEN ORTHOGRAPHIC FIGURE

1. Study the object to be drawn (see orthographic drawing).

2. Draw the isometric drawing.

3. Lay out the front view.

4. Sketch the top view and side view.

5. Finalize the object to complete the drawing.

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 How Much Have You Learned?
Self-Check 1.1

I. Sketch an isometric box.

II. Do the Orthographic Drawing of the given Isometric Figure.

III. Draw the Isometric of the given 3 main views.

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K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Do You Apply What You Have
Learned?
Show that you learned something by doing this activity.

Operation Sheet 1.1

Directions: Draw the center table using the following measurements:

 1 m. long
 500mm wide
 600mm high

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest

and relax a while then move on to the next
lesson. Good luck!

REFERENCES

LO1
 Barba, Joshua A., Plumbing, CoverLink Books Corp., Philippines, 2006.
 Better Homes and Gardens Plumbing, Meridith Books Desmoines, lowa,
2003.

LO 2
 German Manaois, Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing 1983.
 Norman Stirling Introduction to technical Drawing 1977.

LO 3
 Giesecke, Mitchelle and Spencer: Technical Drawing, The Macmilan Edition,
1949.
 French and Vierck Engineering Drawing: Mac Graw, Hillbook Company, 10th
edition 1960.

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 LESSON 5

Practice Occupational Health and Safety

Procedures

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1. identify hazards and risks;

LO2. evaluate hazards and risks;
LO3. control hazards and risks; and
LO4. maintain occupational health and safety awareness.

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K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 Definition of Terms

Accident – is an event occurring unintentionally or by chance

Control – means to direct or determine

First Aid – as it implies includes all forms of remedies given immediately to humans in order
to minimize or prevent casualties or fatalities caused by accidents or normal course of time

Hazard – involves unforeseen incident that is physically unfavorable to humans or animals

Occupation – is an activity in which one is engaged in

Safety – state of being out of danger, uninjured, not involving risk

Sanitize – to maintain high standard of housekeeping

Self-Discipline – refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or ordered

Signs – generally refer to objects made by flat sheet metal or wood suspended by a stand or
nailed on the post or wall which are located strategically

Sort – to take out unnecessary items and dispose the same

Sweep – means to clean the workshop

Symbols – are generally common illustrations printed on the signs which sometimes carry a
descriptive word or few words

Systematize – means to arrange necessary items in good order for use

Toxic – deadly, harmful and poisonous

Acronyms

OHSP – Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

PPE – Personal Protective Equipment

CARPENTRY 77
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

Identify hazards and risks

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control practices and
procedures are clarified and explained based on organization procedures
 Hazards/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are
identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and
environment in accordance with organization procedures
 Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other
emergencies are recognized and established in accordance with organization
procedures

Materials / Resources

1. Mask
2. Gloves
3. Goggles
4. Hair Net/cap/bonnet
5. Face mask/shield
6. Ear muffs
7. Apron/Gown/coverall/jumpsuit
8. Anti-static suits

CARPENTRY 78
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about identifying hazards and
risks. Take this test.

Pretest LO 1

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is maintained so that

there is no dust and rust anywhere.
A. sort C. sweep
B. systematize D. sanitize

2. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to put where
taking into account the flow of your work?
A. sort C. sweep
B. systematize D. sanitize

3. It ensures the safety of the construction workers.

A. signs, signal & barricades C. exit signs
B. danger signs D. safety instructions signs

4. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists?

A. signs, signal & barricades C. exit signs
B. danger signs D. safety instructions signs

5. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard such as

defected tools, equipment, etc?
A. danger Signs C. traffic signs
B. accidental Prevention Tags D. directional signs

Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly,
proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge
and skills required for mastery.

CARPENTRY 79
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Need To Know?

Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1.

Information Sheet 1.1

HAZARDS AND RISKS IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

Requirements in Conducting/Identifying Hazards

 Survey the workplace to identify hazards

 This survey must be in writing and must be available to all workers
 Determine whether any hazard requires Personal Protective Equipment
 Pay special attention to working conditions or process that can produce hazards.
 Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is installed
to avoid accidents.
 Any reassessment must be written and must be available to workers upon request.

WORKING CONDITIONS THAT CAN PRODUCE HAZARDS

1. Falling objects
2. Objects that can puncture skin
3. Objects that could roll over worker’s feet
4. Toxic chemicals
5. Heat
6. Harmful Dust
7. Radiation

Signs, Signals and Barricades

 Signs, signals and barricades are important, if not critical, to the safety of the
construction workers.

Accident Prevention Signs and Tags

1. General. Signs and symbols required shall be visible at all times when work is being
performed, and shall be removed or covered promptly when the hazard does not
exist anymore.

2. Danger Signs. Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists.

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K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 Danger signs should be read as the predominating color for the upper panel; outline
on the borders; and a white lower panel for additional sign wording.

3. Caution Signs. Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or caution against
practices.

Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper panel
and borders; yellow lettering of “caution” on the black panel; and the lower yellow
panel for the additional sign wording. Black lettering shall be used for additional
wording.

Standard color of the background shall be yellow; and the panel, black with
yellow letters. Any letter used against the yellow background shall be black. The
colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples.

CARPENTRY 81
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 4. Exit Signs. Exit signs, when required, shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less
than 6 inches high, on a white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at
least three-fourths in width.

5. Safety Instructions Signs. Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be with green
upper panel with white letters to convey the principal message. Any additional
wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.

6. Directional Signs. Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs specified in
the paragraph below, shall be white with a black panel and white directional symbol.
Any wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.

CARPENTRY 82
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 7. Traffic Signs. Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point
hazard. All traffic control signs or devices used for protection of construction workers
shall conform to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.

8. Accidental Prevention Tags. Accident prevention tags shall be used as temporary

means of warning of an existing hazard such as defected tools, equipments, etc.
They shall not be used in place of, or as a substitute for, accident prevention signs.
Specifications for accident prevention tags similar as shown below shall apply.

CARPENTRY 83
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 1.1

A. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.

1. Your employer must conduct a hazard assessment in order to ___________.

A. avoid accident
B. promote accident
C. eliminate workers
D. None of the above

2. OSH means _______________.

A. Occupational Service Healthy
B. Occupational Safe and Healthy
C. Occupational Safety and Health
D. None of the above

3. Identifying hazards makes you_________________.

A. safe from working
B. comfortable while working
C. work efficient
D. all of the above

4. Who should first know about the accident that happened in your shop?
A. principal
B. nurse
C. teacher
D. doctor

5. Accidents can be prevented ____________________.

A. through proper care and maintenance of tools and equipment
B. right attitude toward work
C. if you have a good knowledge about safety practices
D. None of the above

B. Draw the following signs correctly.

1. Stop
2. Danger
3. Poisonous
4. Slippery when wet
5. Up

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

CARPENTRY 84
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Control hazards and risks

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risk are strictly followed.
 Procedures in dealing with workplace accidents, fire and emergencies
are followed in accordance with the organization’s OHS policies.
 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is correctly used in accordance
with organization’s OHS procedures and practices.
 Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of
workplace emergencies are identified in line with the established
organizational protocol.

Materials

 OHS Manuals
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Chart/pictures

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about evaluating hazards and risks.
Take this test.

SS
Pretest LO 2

Directions: Identify the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

1.

CARPENTRY 85
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
2.

3.

5.

6.

Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly,
proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge
and skills required for mastery.

CARPENTRY 86
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Need To Know?

One way of controlling hazards and risks in the workplace is to use the proper
protective equipment applicable to the work condition.

Information Sheet 2.1

Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing the Self-check.

Signs and their location:

1. Danger Signs – are used only where immediate hazards exist. They are printed in
red as the predominating color.

2. Caution Signs – are used to warn against potential hazards.

3. Exit Signs – are printed in legible red letters for exits.
4. Safety Instructions Signs

5. Accidental Prevention Tags – are used as temporary means of warning to existing

hazards, such as defection, tools and equipment.

6. Barricades – are used for protection of employees.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Here are the types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use for safety
purposes:

A. Face protection

Goggles and face protection must be used

when at risk from flying particles, liquid
chemicals, acids or caustic liquids and
chemical gases. There are various goggles for
face protection with certain design criteria for
safety.

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K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
B. Foot Protection

Safety shoes with impact protection are used

in work areas where heavy objects or tools
could be accidentally dropped on the feet.
Safety shoes with puncture protection are
required when working around nails, wire tacks,
scrap metals and other objects that could fierce
the feet.

C. Hand Protection

Gloves are required to protect your hands

from cuts, scrapes, punctures, burns,
chemical absorption, and exhaust
temperatures. It is crucial that the type of
glove being used is the right one for the job.

D. Hearing Protection

Appropriate ear muffs or ear plugs must be

made available as a last resort if it is not
possible to make the workplace less noisy.
The requirement is a small part of the
occupational noise exposure standard which
requires employers to ensure that workers
are exposed to less than 90 decibels of noise
over an 8 hour period.

E. Respirators

Appropriate respirators must be worn as a last resort

if it is not possible

CARPENTRY 88
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 2.1

A. Define and describe the following:

a. Danger Signs - _____________________________________

b. Caution Signs -_____________________________________

c. Exit Signs - ________________________________________

d. Accidental Prevention Tags - __________________________

e. Barricades - _______________________________________

B. Give an example for each and give its use and importance.

1. Respirators
2. Foot Protection
3. Hand Protection
4. Hearing Protection
5. Face Protection

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

CARPENTRY 89
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about control hazards and risks.
Take this test.

Pretest LO 2
SS

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your Answer Sheet.

1. Conducting hazard assessment to a workplace should be done_______.

A. during working hours
B. after working hours
C. before working hours
D. all of the above

2. Observing good housekeeping ________________.

A. prevents fire
B. makes for easy location of tool and materials needed
C. both a and b
D. none of the above

3. In dealing with accidents, the first thing to do is to_________________.

A. stay calm and study the situation

B. apply first aid
C. call the attention of your teacher
D. all of the above

4. Accidents can be prevented _____________.

A. thru proper cares and maintenance of tools and equipment

B. right attitude towards works
C. if you have enough knowledge about safety practices
D. all of the above

5. When an injury occurs, how soon should it be treated?

A. After class hours

B. Immediately
C. Both a and b
D. Later

Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly,
proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity / ties again to gain
knowledge and skills required for mastery.

CARPENTRY 90
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Need To Know?
Read Information Sheet 2.2 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 2.2.

Information Sheet 2.2

Topic 1: Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) Procedures for controlling hazards
and risks.

1. Conduct a hazard assessment like

 Survey workplace to identify hazards (put them in writing)
 Determine whether any hazard required Personal Protective Equipment.
 Pay attention to working conditions that can produce hazards
 Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is
installed

2. Select appropriate equipment. Ensure that all Personal Protective Equipment

used is the right kind of equipment for the job, and is maintained properly

3. Have knowledge on the following:

 Which PPE is necessary
 How to identify if it fits properly
 How to put on, remove, adjust and wear Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
 How to dispose of Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
 The limitation of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Topic 2: Procedure in dealing with workplace, accidents, fire and Emergencies.

A. Dealing with Accidents

1. Keep calm, don’t panic and study the situation.
2. Report immediately to your teacher
3. Apply first aid to the victim while waiting for a nurse or a physician
4. Bring the patient to the nearest clinic or hospital

B. Dealing with Fire

1. Do not panic, stay calm.
2. Call the attention of everybody.
3. Use your firefighting equipment to control extinguish the fire.
4. Call the office or the fire station

C. Dealing with Emergencies

1. Stay calm and study the situation.
2. Call the attention of your teacher.

CARPENTRY 91
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 2.2

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your Answer Sheet.

1. Conducting hazard assessment to a workplace should be done_______.

A. during working hours
B. after working hours
C. before working hours
D. all of the above

2. Observing good housekeeping ________________.

A. prevents fire
B. makes for easy location of tool and materials needed
C. both a and b
D. none of the above

3. In dealing with accidents , the first thing to do is to_________________.

A. stay calm and study the situation
B. apply first aid
C. call the attention of your teacher
D. all of the above

4. Accidents can be prevented _____________.

A. thru proper cares and maintenance of tools and equipment
B. right attitude towards works
C. if you have enough knowledge about safety practices
D. all of the above

5. When an injury occurs, how soon should it be treated?

A. after class hours
B. immediately
C. both a and b
D. later

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

CARPENTRY 92
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity.

Activity Sheet 2.1

I. For the created team

Select a team that will perform this activity with you.

 Re-arrange the shop layout according to the pointers on work
simplification designed to minimize occupational hazards, thus
promotes workers health and safety.
 Prepare a plan which shall be executed for a maximum of ten minutes.
 The team performance shall be evaluated by the audience using
deliberative judging.

II. For the audience-judges

Students who were not selected as team members shall play the role of
audience-judges.
 While the team deliberates on the shop layout to be executed, the
audience-judges conduct a buzz session headed by a leader who
shall act as the supreme judge in order to craft a rubric for the team
performance.
 After the team has performed, the audience-judges shall present
individually their comments/remarks backed up with appropriate
justifications.
 On the other hand, the team members shall not make any comment or
remark; instead, they shall listen or give an answer whenever asked.
 The final rating of the team shall be announced by the supreme judge
who shall act as mediator or set a ruling, whenever possible.

III. Each group shall initiate a 10 minute-panel discussion on Occupational Health and
Safety. The following are the general guidelines for the groups in holding the panel
discussion:

 The group may invite experienced persons who shall sit as panel
guests. The group members shall serve as panelists, therefore, they
are responsible for shooting particular questions or topics for
discussion.

 Identified group members may play the role of experienced guests

who are responsible for shading lights on the issues or concerns on
hand; Others shall play as panelists and responsible for running a
quality show.

CARPENTRY 93
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.

Remember it is your learning at stake!

Panel Discussion Rubric

(Adapted from: http://www-tc.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/promises/lessonplan.pdf)

Student ________________________________________________________________

___+ Consistently ___ Usually ___- Seldom

Knowledge:

____ The student (group) used research to advance arguments and defend positions.
____ Research was effectively applied to arguments.

Understanding:

____ The student (group) demonstrates understanding of the issue.

____ The student (group) presented key points.
____ The student (group) presented original ideas.
____ The student (group) was able to use examples or analogies to defend an argument.
____ The student (group) demonstrated empathy for the cause he or she represented.
____ The student (group) showed respect for others’ opinions.

Communication:

____ The student (group) was logical in presenting arguments.

____ The student (group) was able to communicate effectively and clearly.
____ The student (group) incorporated key terminology/vocabulary.

Participation:

____ The student contributed to the discussion.

____ The student tended to dominate a discussion, thereby hindering others’
participation.

For group evaluation:

____ All students participated in the discussion.

____ Students within the group tended to dominate discussion within the group, hindering
other group members’ participation?

CARPENTRY 94
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 LEARNING OUTCOME 3

Maintain occupational health and safety awareness

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 Procedures in emergency related drill are strictly followed in line with the
established organization guidelines and procedures
 OHS personal records are filled up in accordance with workplace
equipment
 PPEs are maintained in line with organization guidelines and procedures

Materials

 Personal protective equipment

 OHS personal records

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about maintain occupational health
and safety awareness. Take this test.

Pretest LO 3

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct.

1. Who introduced the 5Ss principle?

A. English C. Japanese
B. Filipinos D. Japan

2. Which of the following are the 5Ss?

A. Seiri, Seiton,Sweep, Seiketsu Shitzu
B. Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Sanitize, Shitzu
C. Sort, Seiton, Sweep, Seiketsu, Shitzu
D. Seiri, Systematize, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsu

CARPENTRY 95
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 3. It refers to the cleaning of workshop.
A. Seiton C. Seiso
B. Seiri D. Seiketsu

4. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is maintained so that

there is no dust and rust anywhere. .
A. Sort C. Sweep
B. Systematize D. Sanitize

5. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to put where
taking into account the flow of your work?
A. Sort C. Sweep
B. Systematize D. Sanitize

6. Its advantage is to promote camaraderie among workers in the company.

A. Shitsuke C. The 5Ss
B. Seiton D. All of the above

7. It ensures the safety of the construction workers.

A. Signs, Signal & Barricades C. Exit Signs
B. Danger Signs D. Safety Instructions Signs

8. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists?

A. Signs, Signal & Barricades C. Exit Signs
B. Danger Signs D. Safety Instructions Signs

9. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard such as

defected tools, equipment, etc?
A. Danger Signs C. Traffic Signs
B. Accidental Prevention Tags D. Directional Signs

10. Which is a major factor for the prevention of shop accidents?

A. Signs, symbols, barricades C. Attitude
B. The 5Ss Principle D. All of the above

Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly,
proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge
and skills required for mastery.

CARPENTRY 96
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 3.1.

Information Sheet 3.1

Which is an Ideal Working Station?

Fig.1. Working Station 1 Fig. 2 Working Station 2

What is 5S?

The 5Ss are Japanese words that start with letter S. But in the Philippines, some
thought of 5 English words that all begin with letter S which is equivalent to these Japanese
words; it is therefore necessary to remember the Japanese’ 5Ss. What is important aside
from retaining this into our minds is to make it part of our daily habit.

CARPENTRY 97
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 Below are the 5Ss and their English equivalent:

Japanese English Brief Explanation

SEIRI SORT Take out unnecessary items and dispose

SEITON SYSTEMATIZE Arrange necessary items in good order for use

SEISO SWEEP Clean your workshop

SEIKETSU SANITIZE Maintain high standard of housekeeping

SHITSU SELF- Do things spontaneously without being told or

DISCIPLINE ordered

5Ss is not simply a list of action items. It is an integrated concept of action, condition
and culture. The nature and implication of each S needs to be understood as follows:

1. SEIRI (SORT) is an Action to identify and eliminate all unnecessary items

from your workplace.
2. SEITON(SYSTEMATIZE) is an ACTION to put every necessary items in good
order.
3. SEISO (SWEEP) is an ACTION to clean your workplace thoroughly.
4. SIEKETSU (SANITIZE) is a CONDITION where high standard of good
housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust anywhere.
5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) is a CONDITION where all members
practice accordingly. It is a CULTURE.

How to practice 5Ss?

1. SEIRI (SORT) means “take out unnecessary items and dispose’

Step 1 – Look around your workplace. Discover and identify items which are
unnecessary to your work. Then, dispose all unnecessary items.
“NEVER KEEP ANYTHING WHICH IS UNNECESSARY TO YOUR WORK.”

Step 2 – If you cannot decide whether an item is necessary or not, put

“DISPOSAL NOTICE” with the data on the item and set item aside.

Step 3 – After a period, say two months, check if someone has the item or not. If
no one needed the item, that means the item is not needed for your work.

Note: Disposal can be done in either of the following ways:

1. Sell it to outside of the workplace.
2. Move to other department/section where the item is needed.
3. Throw it away, dispose as garbage.
4. In disposing the belongings, it is better to make people know who has the
authority for disposal.
5. It is also better to make people know where to return excessive stock of
materials and supplies.
6. While looking around for unnecessary items in your workplace, look at
every nook like when you are looking for cockroaches. It will be a bonus to
you if you find some useful items.
CARPENTRY 98
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 2. SEITON (SYSTEMATIZE) means “Arrange necessary items in good order to use”

Step 1.Make sure that all unnecessary items are eliminated from your workplace.

Step 2.Decide with your workmates which things to put when taking into account
the flow of your work. The principle is to put most frequently needed items close
to the user so as to minimize the movement of the person. Things which are not
so often used could not be placed slightly further away.

Step 3. It is necessary to make sure that everyone at your workplace knows what
is kept for efficient use. Make a list of things with location and put it in a locker or
cabinet. Label each drawer/cabinet to show what is kept inside.

Note:
The object of SEITON (SYSTEMATIZED) is to make your workplace a safe and
efficient place to work in.

3. SEISO (SWEEP) means “Clean your workplace”. There is a very strong

correlation between quality of products and cleanliness of the workplace where
products are manufactured. Accordingly, SEISO (SWEEP) should be practiced
every day, and sometimes, even during the day.

The following are suggested for your SEISO (SWEEP) operation:

 Do not wait until things get dirty. Clean your workplace, including
machines, equipment, tools and furniture regularly so that they do not
have chance to get dirty.
 Put things inside for 3 minutes every day.
 You and your workmates should be responsible for the dirty works around
you. The janitors or sweepers will look after the common areas only.
 Never throw anything and make it your habit.
 Cleaning is also checking.

4. SEIKETSU (SANITIZE) means” Maintain high standard of housekeeping”. So as

not to waste your effort, do not stop after implementing initial 3Ss.

The following are suggested for your SEIKETSU(SANITIZE) operation:

 Create a maintenance system for housekeeping. Make a schedule of
cleaning for your workplace.
 Interdepartmental competition is a very effective means of sustaining and
enhancing people’s interest on 5Ss.

Note:
1. Indicate the names of the persons responsible for the work area and for
the machine.
2. Regular inspection and evaluation on the level of 4Ss by each work are
necessary.
3. Do not criticize poor cases, but also praise and commend good practices
or good performances.

CARPENTRY 99
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) means “Do things spontaneously without being
told or ordered.” It is to make every one practice 4Ss spontaneously and willingly
as habit or way of life. There is no other way to foster such culture than
practicing 4Ss regularly until such time when everyone becomes fond of 5Ss.

To help such corporate culture conducive to 5Ss, the following need to be

emphasized:
 Treat your workplace as your own home.
 You are spending most of your “WAKING TIME” at your workplace than
at home.
 Your workplace is an important place where to make income for yourself
and your family.
 Make your workplace as clean and comfortable as your home.

Note:
In enhancing SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) of workers in a workplace, the
rules of management are very important. People with managerial duties
should be worthy of respect and emulation.

What can an individual gain from the 5Ss?

1. The 5Ss makes your workplace more pleasant. In practicing 5Ss, you have to
start from discussing and agreeing what to put for efficient use by everyone.
With your workmates, you have to clean the workplace. Such human relation
and working environment will make you and your workplace pleasant.

2. The 5Ss makes your work more efficient. If you have to look for something and
take so much time finding it, you are not only wasting your time but also wasting
your energy and moral.

On the other hand, if everything at your workplace is arranged in proper

order and readily available for use; your work flow will always be very smooth. It
improves not only your efficiency but also improves the rhythm of your work and
the more you will enjoy it. If you have a work, better to enjoy it.

3. The 5Ss improves your safety. A clear and tidy working environment where
everything is properly placed, where clear instructions are readily available, and
where no one throws anything is safer place to work in.

Practicing 5Ss improves your own safety. You can enjoy your work more with
less risk.

4. The 5Ss improves quality of your work and your products. People affect
environment. On the other hand, the environment also affects people. If you are
accustomed to work in a clear and tidy environment, you can develop your
sensitivity so that you can feel and identify any defect in work. On the contrary,
messy and untidy environment will adversely affect your sensitivity.

Therefore, good environment will improve the quality of your work. It is quite
natural that quality products come only from clean and well-organized
workplace.

CARPENTRY 100
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 5. The 5Ss makes a quality life of people. The process of 5Ss requires people to
think, consult and agree with others and cooperate with each other.

At the same time, practicing the 5Ss gives people satisfaction of being
creative, friendly with others and seeing chances better.

In summary:
 5Ss improves CREATIVITY of people
 5Ss improves COMMUNICATION
 5Ss improves HUMAN RELATION among people
 5Ss enhances COMRADERSHIP among people
 5Ss gives VITALITY to people

Vitality of the people is the locomotion to move the company forward.

A Healthy Shop Is a Safe Shop

The shop should be pleasant place where you will enjoy your work. Large manufacturing
companies have learned that the shop accidents are greatly reduced when the shop itself is well-
lighted and well-ventilated. The introduction of ventilating and blower systems, which free the air of
dust and particles of dirt, have gone a long way toward reducing accidents. Good lighting, both natural
and artificial, likewise safeguards the worker. The healthy shop is a safe shop. After all, the protection
of health is the first rule of “Safety First in the Shop”.

Safe Procedures

1. Control measures should be regularly reviewed through:

• workplace communication and consultation;
• safety and health committee meetings;
• regular equipment and work safety checks;
• incident, accident and near-miss records;
• injury and lost time records; and
• repair and maintenance reports

2. Workers should be continuously trained specifically on information and

instruction on:
• workplace safety and health;
• hazards and risks associated with work activities;
• safe work practices and procedures, safe handling (including lifting and
moving), safe operation of equipment and the control measures in place;
• safe use of plant and associated equipment, electrical safety, safety in
confined spaces and other training required under hazard-specific
regulations;
• safe use of hazardous substances relevant to the work to be performed;
• correct use, fit and care of PPE , tools and equipment and why the
equipment is needed
 emergency and first aid procedures;
 sun protection to prevent skin cancer;
 fire protection;
 information on dust, fumes and air quality; and
 recognition of poorly ventilated areas and confined spaces.

CARPENTRY 101
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 3.1

Maintain Occupational Health and safety awareness

Directions: This part checks whether you have learned the required competencies for this
particular module. Simply encircle the best answer from the choices given.

1. It is simply the application of workable principles that increases the awareness and
ability of the workers to be more productive and efficient without sacrificing their
safety and the product quality.
A. Occupational Health & Safety C. Work Procedure
B. Risk Management D. Work Simplification

2. Which primarily uses least resources in the workplace?

A. Occupational Health & Safety C. Work Procedure
B. Risk Management D. Work Simplification

3. What government agency is responsible primarily for setting and enforcing

mandatory occupational health and safety standards through appropriate orders?
A. Department of Public Works and Highways
B. Civil Service Commission
C. Department of Labor and Employment
D. Department of Budget and Management

4. Which is NOT a PPE?

A. helmets C. gloves
B. goggles D. shorts

5. Which is a common hazard?

A. obstructions C. hazardous dusts
B. damaged saw blades D. all of the above

6. Which is a risk?
A. Out-of-control cutting machine C. power cords
B. Vibration D. beard, loose hair, loose clothing

7. Which is a step on risk management?

A. Identification of Safety Procedures C. Training the Workers
B. Hazard Identification D. All of the Above

8. Which is a control measure on accident prevention?

A. Workplace communication and consultation
B. Safety and health committee meetings
C. Regular equipment and work safety checks
D. All of the Above

CARPENTRY 102
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 9. Which is the emphasis of continuous training of the workers as hazard/risk
management measure?
A. Workplace safety and health.
B. Emergency and first aid procedures
C. Hazards and risks associated with work activities
D. All of the above

10. Who are covered by the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations?
A. Employers C. Self-Employed
B. Workers D. All of the above

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity.

Activity Sheet 3.1

I. Give what is being asked. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

A. Explain briefly the following 5Ss:

1. SEIRI
2. SEITON
3. SEISO
4. SEIKETSU
5. SHITSU

B. Cite 4 advantages of the 5Ss for the people if observed strictly?

1.
2.
3.
4.

C. Enumerate 5 reasons why schools such as yours should practice the 5Ss
religiously?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

CARPENTRY 103
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 Activity Sheet 3.2

II. List down all possible shop norms that you can think of based on the 5Ss which will
comprise your Personal Checklist of Shop Norms. Finalize your Personal
Checklist of Shop Norms on a ¼ size illustration board which you will accomplish
weekly by simply putting check marks (/) on shop norms that you perform
consistently the whole week. Remember, the check marks are representative of your
practices for the week. This checklist shall be used for the whole year. So, put your
extra effort to keep it clean and in perfect condition.

Activity Sheet 3.3

III. Group yourselves into five (5) members. Each group shall role play for 10 to 15
minutes for a certain activity that is observed in the road. Be sure to use safety signs
and symbols as the group props. Presentation shall be assessed according to the
given rubrics.

Activity Sheet 3.4

IV. Group yourselves according to the class grouping to perform a buzz session for 20
minutes. The focus of this activity is to come up with common shop rules to prevent
or minimize shop accidents due to wrong work practices. The more rules the group
can craft, the better would it be for the group. Be sure that the rules determined have
been written clearly on a whole sheet of butcher’s paper (Manila paper). Finally, let
your leader present the output to the class for discussion in order to come up with
one set of rules for the entire class.

Activity Sheet 3.5

V. This activity is a group work. Perform a pantomime for 7-10 minutes. Be sure that the
scenario shall create favorable impact on the audience zeroing in the key points on
industrial hazards and accidents. Performances shall be evaluated using the given
rubric.

CARPENTRY 104
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.

Remember it is your learning at stake!

III. ROLE PLAY

CARPENTRY 105
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
IV. BUZZ SESSION

CARPENTRY 106
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 V. PANTOMINE

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest

and relax a while then move on to the next
lesson. Good luck!

CARPENTRY 107
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 REFERENCES

LO1
 Morgan , Robert E , The Complete Handbook of Plumbing, TAB
Books Inc., Phils. , 1962

 Oravetz , Jules Revised by Re Miller, Audel Questions and Answers

for Plumbers‟ Examination, 3rd Edition Mac Millan Publishing Co.,
New York.

LO 2
 Oravetz , Jules Revised by Re Miller, Audel Questions and
Answers for Plumbers‟ Examination, 3rd Edition Mac Millan
Publishing Co., New York.
 www.google.com

LO 3
 Oravetz , Jules Revised by Re Miller, Audel Questions and Answers
for Plumbers‟ Examination, 3rd Edition Mac Millan Publishing Co.,
New York.

 www.google.com

LO 4
 www.co.kern.ca.us/cao/policy/12.pdf (Accidents)

 http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A0PDoS.Q40VP2ho
AbxyJzbkF?p=cooperation&fr=yfp-t-701&ei=utf-
8&n=30&x=wrt&y=Search

 TESDA Handouts

 Pardinas, J. (2012). Handout on Signs and Symbols.

http://museumca.org/goldrush/curriculum/we_accuse/tgrouprubric.html

CARPENTRY 108
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education