Tape Or Contents ‘The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) ~ Life in Makkah Upbringing by Halima Sadia 1 Meeting with Bahira 2 Replacing the Black Stone 23 Marriage Proposal by Hazrat Khadija (RZ) 3 Titles Al-Sadiq and Al- Amin 4 Life up to 1" Revelati 46 Preparation of Prophethood in early life 6 ‘The First Revelation 67 Significance of Angel, Waraga and Hazrat Khadija (RZ) 78 Early Preaching by Mohammad (PBUH) 89 Persecution on Mohammad (PBUH) 9-11 Lessons from Prophet (PBUH)’s behavior u Persecution on Prophet (PBUH)’s Followers 11.12 Lessons from followers’ Behavior 1243 Relation with Quraish in Makkah 1B Reasons of opposition of Quraish 1B Events led up to 1" Migration 4 Reasons of 1* migration 14 Migration to Abyssini: 1416 Significance of Migration to Abyssinia 16 The Boycott 16-17 Visit to Tait 1719 Lessons from the event of Taif 19 Mairaj— The Ascent 19.21 Significance of Mairaj 2 Events led up to 2"! Migration 21-22 Importance of the Pledges of Aqabah 22.23 Importance of Migration to Yathrib 23 Prophet (PBUH)'s experiences in Caves 23-24 Importance of the caves 24 Migration to Yathrib (Madinah) 24.25 Reasons of Migration to Madinah 25: fj Islamiyat with SKH x \ [@ 0300-2887099 Ce sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurrace Hussain Or Proper Mosammap (PBUH) Q — (@)_ Write an account of the following episodes in the iE Eariy of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH): (@) —_Upbringing by Hazrat Halima Sadia (RZ) fo ) Meeting with Bahira I i) Replacing of the Black Stone 15] (iv) Marriage proposal of Hazrat Khadija (RZ) 15] Ursrinanc By Hazrar Hauma _ Hazrat Halima Sadia (RZ) belonged to the clan of Banu Sa’d. Banu Sa’d were well known for their purity of Arabic language therefore according to the custom of rich Makkan families, Mohammad (PBUH) was entrusted to her. - When the Bedouine women visited Makkah in order to take children for their grooming in an environment of pure Arabic language, all of them refused to take Holy Prophet (PBUH). They didn’t take him as they got to know that he was an orphan child. They assumed they wouldn't get much riches and a fortune in return of their services to him. = Hazrat Halima Sadia (RZ) didn’t get any of the children. She felt ashamed of going back to her town \_/ without taking a child. Someone told her that there was an orphan child left by all other women. She after consulting with her husband, Harith bin Al-Uzza, went to take custody of Mohammad (PBUH). - When Hazrat Halima Sadia (RZ) was taken to Prophet (PBUH) by Hazrat Aminah, she placed her hand on Prophet (PBUH)’s chest affectionately on which Prophet (PBUH) smiled and looked at her. When she took him to her home, the blessings of God were noticed in her household. = According to the custom, the children were given back to their parents after two years. Noticing the blessings at their home, Hazrat Halima (RZ) and her husband wished to keep Prophet (PBUH) for more time. They sought permission of Hazrat Amina, insisting that she permitted them to take Prophet (PBUH) with them. - When he (PBUH) grew older he went out with his suckling brother and sisters for grazing goats. (© After this, strange events started happening with Mohammad (PBUH). One of such was that when once when Prophet (PBUH) went out, his brother Abdullah bin Harith who looked frightened rushed home to Halima Sadia and told her that something had happened to Mohammad (PBUH). ‘She ran to Mohammad (PBUH) and found him in extreme shock. On inquiry Mohammad (PBUH) ~ told her that he was visited by two men attired in white. One asked the other “Is he the One”. The other said “Yes! He is”. Then they grabbed him and put him down on the ground. They cut his chest and started looking for something and eventually they found that and threw it away. Then they washed his heart in a gold basin full of water from Zamzam until they had cleaned it. Then they - returned his heart to its actual place. He later explained in his tradition that those two men were angel Jibrael and Mikael and the thing they threw away was the satanic beak which lies inside one’s chest. ~ After such events she (RZ) brought Prophet (PBUH) back to his mother in his hometown. He was around five at that time. Few reported he spent only 3-4 years with her. In the span of 3-4 years which he spent with Hazrat Halima (RZ), he lived in harsh desert climate with open and fresh air. This toughened his physique and he got familiar with pure and refined Arabic language. Due to this Prophet (PBUH) used to claim that “Verily I am the most perfect Arab among you; my _ descent is from the Quraish and my dialect is that of the Banu Sa’d” The Holy Prophet (PBUH) always expressed his love and respect for Hazrat Halima (RZ), during his later years by calling her ‘My Mother’. ~~ One day when she came, Holy Prophet (PBUH) very honorably welcomed her and spread his cloak for her to sit on. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 1[/Page Stee ee eeIslamiyat with SKH y 0300-2887099 (Ce sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain Meerne Wir Banira - Prophet (PBUH) since the age of eight lived with his uncle Abu Talib. Once when Abu Talib was going on a trade journey towards Syria, Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) wished and insisted to go along with him. He was twelve at that time. - Abu Talib on seeing the eagerness took him along to that journey. - On covering their journey, the caravan reached Basra. ~ Bahira was a Christian monk who lived at Basra, His real name was Jurjais, Bahira was his title. He was a great and well known scholar of his era, - Before this journey, the Quraish often passed by him but he never spoke to them however this time when he saw Mohammad” in the caravan & noticed few signs, he invited Makkans for a meal. - Bahira noticed a cloud shadowing Mohammad (PBUH). When the caravan came under a tree to seek shadow, he saw the cloud covering the tree now. - When Mohammad (PBUH) came nearby the tree, all the Makkans had already occupied the shadowed space therefore Mohammad (PBUH) sat under the sunlight. At this moment Bahira noticed that the branches of that tree tuned towards him and gathered over him. And provided Prophet (PBUH) with shadow. - The Makkans responded to Bahira’s invitation and came to his place leaving Mohammad (PBUH) under the tree. When Bahira didn’t find the same omens in Makkans which he saw before and visualized the cloud still covering the tree he asked Makkans if they had left someone behind. - The Makkans told him that all important people had come except a boy who was the youngest amongst all of them. On request of Bahira Mohammad (PBUH) was then called upon for a meal. - When a man from the Makkans brought Prophet (PBUH) towards Bahira, he noticed the cloud covering Mohammad (PBUH) and moving with him. - Afler the meal Bahira talked to Mohammad (PBUH) and said that he would like to ask some questions from him in the name of the idols Laat and Uzza. Mohammad (PBUH) said “Do not ask ‘me anything in the name of Laat and Uzza, I swear to Allah! I hate them the most”. - When Bahira asked questions in the name of Allah then Mohammad (PBUH) answered him. During this conversation he also viewed the mark of prophethood on his back. He found that mark similar to the description in his religious scriptures. - Holding Prophet (PBUH)'s hand, Bahira told Quraish that the boy was the messenger of Allah. On inquiry of Makkans he replied, “When you came over the hill not a tree or a stone failed to bow in prostration, and they prostrate themselves only before a prophet. I recognize him by the seal of” prophecy, like an apple, below the end of his shoulder-blade.” (Cirmidhi) ‘After confirming that, Bahira told Abu Talib that his nephew was a special child and a messenger of Allah, He told Abu Talib to protect him from the Jews and to take him back to his hometown. Bahira mentioned that if Jews found out the signs of prophethood he had observed, they would attempt to murder his nephew. Abu Talib on hearing all this got scared and brought Mohammad (PBUH) back to Makkah, Repracinc Or Tue Brack Stone ‘When Mohammad (PBUH) turned 35, water had flooded Makkah and Ka’bah. - The Makkans wanted to rebuild Ka’bah but they were scared of the snake on a well where all the treasures were placed. The Arabs believed that the snake was appointed by Allah to protect treasures. ‘When the construction became necessary, the snake was picked up by a bird by the leave of Allah. - The Makkans then decided to reconstruct Ka’bah to avoid further damage to its building. ‘When the time came to break the walls of Ka’bah, everyone was reluctant to do so fearing the wrath of Allah. Eventually Walid bin Mughaira made the first hit on its walls. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 2|Page&] Islamiyat with SKH a) {4 0300-2887099 ¢ @ sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain - All the Makkans worked together in the reconstruction including Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). - When the construction was completed, a disagreement arouse among the tribes of Makkah that who should be given the honor to put the black stone (Hajra-e-Aswad) in its place. - Abi Umayya bin Mughaira alias Huzaifa an old man suggested “whoever enters first in the morning from the Gate Safa of Ka’bah, he would settle the dispute”. This was accepted by all. ~ Next morning, Prophet (PBUH) was the first person to enter that gate and people said “This is Amin, This is Mohammad (PBUH), we are agreed on him to decide this matter (as an arbiter)” - Prophet (PBUH) showed a remarkable genius for this problem solving. Instead of choosing a single person to do the task, he let them all participate in doing the honor. - He asked them to bring a sheet; he placed the Black stone on it with his hands then directed all chieftains to grab a comer of the sheet. Then he placed the stone on Ka’bah with his own hands. - At that time, Iblis appeared in man’s shape to create discontent among the people but the people soon realized that Mohammad (PBUH)’s decision was a uniting factor. - Hazrat Khadija (RZ) was famous for her piety and good character since her childhood. Her father was Khuwaylid bin Asad and her mother was Fatima binte Zaidah. - Before getting married to Prophet (PBUH), she was twice married and widowed. = She first married to Abu Hala and bore her husband two sons named Hala and mother of Hind she was also called ‘Umm e Hind’. + = Afier the death of Abu Hala, she got married to Ateeq and had a daughter from this marriage. ~ There then she remained a widow for a long time and conducted trade in Makkah, - Her father who died in a battle of Fajar left great fortunes and business for her. Therefore, she used to send trade caravans to Syria. = Holy Prophet (PBUH) was famous for his truthfulness and honesty for which he was given the titles of “Al Sadiq’ and ‘Al Amin’ by the Makkans. ~ Hazrat Khadija too was aware of these marvelous attributes of Prophet. - Prophet was once advised by Abu Talib to get appointed for Hazrat Khadija (RZ) but Prophet was surely confident that she herself would sent a proposal for his appointment and so happened. = On the requirement of a trustworthy man to lead her caravan, Hazrat Khadija (RZ), after being recommended by many noble men, found no better option than Prophet (PBUH).So she called him and his hiring for that purpose became finalized. - In the journey to Syria, Hazrat Khadija (RZ)’s slave Mayassara accompanied Prophet (PBUH) who had already been told about Prophet (PBUH)'s loyalty. = This trip was a stunning success so much so that due to the weight of the huge profits the camels slowed down. = She was told about Prophet (PBUH)’s honesty by her slave Mayassara who greatly praised Mohammad (PBUH)’s virtues and trading skills. - Hazrat Khadija (RZ) also noticed the shadow of two angels looking like a cloud covering Prophet (PBUH). She confirmed it twice, first by sending back the Prophet (PBUH) and noticed the cloud remained with him, Secondly by confirming it from Mayassara. Hazrat Khadijah (RZ) approached ‘Warga bin Nawfil who predicted Mohammad (PBUH) to be a Prophet. = Thus, due to Prophet's honesty and this confirmation, Hazrat Khadija (RZ) was so impressed that she sent a marriage proposal through Nafsia to him. ~ _ Nafsia asked Prophet (PBUH) about marrying Hazrat Khadija (RZ), he approved of it. - Hazrat Khadija's uncle and Abu Talib reached the venue of the nikah, Some believe that Abu Talib recited their Nikah and the dowry was decided either 12 Augia or 20 female camels. = In reception one or two camels were cut down, At that time Hazrat Khadija (RZ) was 40 years old while Mohammad (PBUH) was 25 years old. | ‘The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 3|Page find as she was the a a a eaefe Islamiyat with SKH y 0300-2887099 ¢ sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain 2 (>) Explain why he was given the titles of ‘Al Sadiq and Al Amin?” (4) = Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) was given the titles of Al Sadiq and Al Amin because of his truthful and trustworthy conduct which he showed on different occasions in his early 40 years in Makkah = Prophet (PBUH) never lied or committed any sin, neither did he work against anyone which caused them suffering or pain. - He was always kind, virtuous and thoughtful towards others. He never indulged in the unsuitable behavior of the Makkan society. - Hazrat Khadija (RZ) employed him to lead her caravans due to his loyalty and was reported about his truthfulness observed by her slave Mayassara, she was so impressed by his characteristies that she proposed marriage to him. - Prophet (PBUH) was also entrusted belongings by the people when they had to journey and those valuables were kept safely and returned whenever claimed. = At the time of reconstruction of Kaabah he was trusted as an arbiter to settle the dispute of the fixing of the black stone which he justly dealt with. = Inall the above mentioned occasions he proved himself as highly reliable, honest and trustworthy person and gathered everyone's trust. Hence on the basis of his truthfulness throughout the Makkans entitled him by Al-Sadiq and Al-Amin. Lire Urro Tue First Revenation (a) Write an outline of the life of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) up to the time of the first revelation, {10} PARAGRAPH # 1 (BIRTH AND UPBRINGING) = Prophet (PBUH)’s father was Abdullah bin Abdul Mutallib and his mother was Amina. = Before the birth of Holy Prophet (PBUH) his father died in a commercial visit to Syria. He was buried in Yathrib. At the time of death his father was only 25. - Four months after the death of Abdullah, Mohammad (PBUH)'s mother gave birth to him on Monday, 570 A.D. = This year is also known as ‘The Year of Elephant’. This is because in this year Abraha with his elephants marched against Makkah to destroy Ka’bah. But by the will and power of Allah Ka’bah ‘was saved. The Quran recall this event in (105:1-5) Al = Affe his birth, as was the practice of the Makkans of the noble Quraish tribe, Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH) was looked after for two years by a Bedouine woman named Hazrat Halima Sadia (RZ). ‘She took him to her town when he was 2 months old. - Briefly mention details from ‘Upbringing by Hazrat Halima Sadia’ - Few months after he was retumed to his mother by Hazrat Halima Sadia (RZ), Prophet Mohammad (PBUH)'s mother died on the way during their trip to Yathrib. At that time, Mohammad (PBUH) was six years old, He was then brought back home by his nurse, Umm e Aiman, = The Grandfather of Mohammad (PBUH) was Abdul Mutallib who took custody of Mohammad (PBUH) as well as the responsibility of his upbringing. = After two years in 578 A.D. when Prophet (PBUH) was 8 years old, his grandfather also died reaching the age of 90. - Eventually, Mohammad (PBUH) was passed into the custody of his Uncle Abu Talib bin Abdul Mutallib, After the death of Abdul Mutallib, Abu Talib also gained the chiefdom of Banu Hashim. PARAGRAPH #2 (UPBRINGING BY ABU TALIB, FAJAR WARS & HALF UL FADHUL): = Abu Talib took care of Prophet (PBUH) with love and affection. He and his wife, Fatima bint Asad, treated the Prophet (PBUH) kindly and preferred the Prophet (PBUH) over their sons. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 4|Pageoe Islamiyat with SKH 0300-2887099 : é ) sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain = His love for his nephew increased day by day due to good manners and great politeness of the Prophet (PBUH). It is repoted Abu Talib didn’t take meal without the presence of Prophet (PBUH). - Abu Talib was a perfume and cloth merchant who travelled for his merchandise. At the age of 12 while on one of the journeys to Syria, Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH) accompanied his uncle. On their way to Syria, they met a Christian monk Bahira at Basra. - Briefly mention details of Bahira’s meeting with Mohammad (PBUH) and Bahira’s predictions about Mohammad (PBUH). - During his youth, Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH) also looked after sheep in the Arabian desert of his family and the Makkans. This solitary occupation gave him the opportunity to ponder the vast ‘openness of the desert, and to be open to the presence of Allah. = The Prophet (PBUH) used to refer that “Al the messengers which were sent by Allah, they tendered sheep. I also looked after sheep of Makkans in return of Qararit (coin)” - Between the years 580 to 590 A.D. the sacrilegious wars started in Makkah and were fought between Banu Kinana alliance of Quraish [Link] Hawazain. The battles were fought in those months when fighting was forbidden. These four months were Moharram, Rajab, Dhil Qad and Dhil Hajj. - Before the Fajar Barraz in which Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) participated, three battles were already fought which are known as battles of Fajar. These battles were fought mainly between Banu Kinana and Banu Amir due to an arrogant man, women and on the dispute of debts. Prophet (PBUH) didn’t participate in these three. He (PBUH) participated in Fajar Barraz. + Barraz was a man of Banu Kinana who killed a man named Arwa of Banu Hawazain. When this killing occurred the members of both tribes were at the fair of Ukaz. Hearing the news of killing, Banu Kinana left the fair to avoid a clash with Banu Hawazain, ~ When Banu Hawazain came to know about their tribe’s man killing, they attacked the members of Banu Kinana. Banu Kinana took shelter in Ka’bah to be protected. Ka’bah was safe for them because bloodshed was forbidden inside Haram. This made Banu Hawazain to stop and wait. - Next day Banu Kinana came out to fight and in that war the Quraish aided them. Therefore, Mohammad (PBUH) was also taken for the war by his uncle. Prophet (PBUH) rather than getting involved in physical fighting only helped his uncle by collecting the arrows thrown by the enemies. - This battle continued for many years but was indecisive. Consequently both tribes came to an agreement. = Seeing the injustice, oppression and ravages of war some tribes decided to form an alliance to protect the rights of the oppressed and to provide the oppressed with justice - This happened after Zubaidi who belonged to the tribe Zubaid was deceived by a well known man of Makkah, Aa’s bin Wail. A’as bin Wail took money and valuables from Zubaidi but later than returning the valuables he used to humiliate Zubaidi. Despite this, Zubaidi wasn’t helped by anyone. = One day Zubaidi climbed the mountain of Abu Qais and made a plea for help. = Prophet (PBUH)’s uncle Hazrat Zubair bin Abdul Mutallib responded to that. He took Abdullah bin Jadan with him and stood firmly to help Zubaidi. Later Banu Hashim, Banu Zehra and Banu Asad also joined the cause = All these people then gathered at Abdullah bin Jadan’s house and pledged: “We will always aid the oppressed and provide him with justice”. = This alliance or league was called Half ul Fadhul. The reason it was called Fadhul is that the names of the leading members was Fadhal, collectively called Fadhul - Mohammad (PBUH) was present on the occasion of the pledge and was greatly happy with its aim. He said in later years, “I would not exchange for the choicest camels in all Arabia, the remembrance of being present at the oath.” PARAGRAPH # 3 (HIS MARRIAGE & CONSTRUCTION OF KA’BAH) - Atthe age of 22 he commanded caravan of Hazrat Khadija (RZ) to Syria. - Briefly mention about his honesty and marriage to Hazrat Khadija (RZ). The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 5|Page&] Islamiyat with SKH [ 0300-2887039 sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain (a) When Mohammad (PBUH) reached the age of 35, water had flooded Makkah and Ka’bah. Briefly describe about the construction of Ka’bah and fixing of the black stone. Use his titles Al- Sadiq and Al-Amin, Conclude your answer Prophet (PBUH) received. visit of angel in cave Hira and the revelations of Surah Alaq that (b) How did Prophet's life before the first revelation prepare him for the life to come / prepare him for his years as prophet? 14] Prophet (PBUH) was an orphan and was very well aware of the difficulties of life. This made him a master in the cause of treating orphans, widows and destitute. He was able to gain knowledge of other religions (Judaism and Christianity) as he traveled with his uncle outside Makkah when he was around 12. He knew about the belief of Hanifs (followers of religion of Hazrat Ibrahim) due to which he already had the seeds of Monotheism rooted in him. His presence in Half ul Fudhul produced an attribute in him to proteet the weak and to struggle to provide justice to the oppressed. Being employed as a shepherd in his early age allowed him to contemplate on life. He spent long hours meditating in the hills allowing him to ponder over belief and practices bonding him spiritually with Allah. Moreover, the presencé of Prophet (PBUH) in the Harb al Fajar (wars in sacred months) made him aware of the cruelty and suffering caused by the Quraish and others. This also enabled him to learn the Arabian war tacticst hat he used in his later part of his life as the leader of Madinah. Tue First Revetation Give account of Prophet (PBUH)’s first experience of recei PARAGRAPH # 1 (INTRODUCTION) ‘As Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) was growing older he distanced himself from the corrupt practices of the society of Arabia, When he was around 40, he began to retire himself to a nearby cave, Hira. ‘There he meditated about his God and the laws of his God to know what his God wanted him to do. It is reported that he used to go there with food and water supplies and retumed home when they were finished. His wife, Hazrat Khadija (RZ), gave him more food so he continued his meditation. The meditation continued until he encountered a strange happening. PARAGRAPH # 2 (EVENTS) When Mohammad (PBUH) was 40, one day in 610 A.D while he (PBUH) was meditating in a cave ‘on Mount Hira, a being unknown to him appeared and ordered him to ‘Read! The Prophet (PBUH) replied ‘I do not know how to read’. That was because he was an ummi who could not read and write. The being then caught him forcefully and pressed him so hard. The being then reteased him following the orders to Read! The Prophet (PBUH)’s reply was the same that he did not know how to read. The being then hugged him and pressed him hard for the second time. ‘The Prophet (PBUH) later shared this experience of being hugged and crushed with his companions. He told them that he was squeezed so tight that he felt he would die of suffocation. The being ordered him again to Read. The Prophet (PBUH) replied this time *What shall I read?” Thereupon the being caught him for the third time and pressed him hard and then released him. The being then recited the following verses of Surah Alag: “Read, in the name of Your Lord, who created. Created man out of congealed blood. Proclaim! And your Lord is most Bountiful. He who taught by the pen. Taught man what he did not know”. (96:1-5) Al-Alaq 1g revelation. [0] 6|Page4] Islamiyat with SKH [4 0300-2887099 G J sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain (b) This marked the beginning of revelations on Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) Mohammad (PBUH) left the cave to return home, On the way to his home, Mohammad (PBUH) heard a voice from the sky. He looked up and saw the same being who had visited him in the cave. But this time the being was a gigantic figure. The Prophet (PBUH) got scared of seeing the creature with his head touching sky, feet on earth and wingtips touching the east and west. Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), scared, rushed to his home and asked Hazrat Khadija (RZ) to cover him up. She covered him with a black blanket (cloak). ‘At this occasion he (PBUH) received verses of Surah Mudassir: The Quran states: “O you wrapped up (in the mantle)...” (74:1) Al-Mudassir He (PBUH) shared his experience with his wife Hazrat Khadija (RZ) and said: “I fear that something may happen to me.” Hazrat Khadija (RZ) replied, “Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones.” Hazrat Khadija (RZ) then accompanied him to her cousin Waraga bin Nawfil, who during the Pre- Islamic Period became a Christian and used to write the Hebrew letters He (PBUH) described to Waraga what the Prophet (PBUH) had seen and heard. Waraga said that the being was the Angel of Law, Gabriel, who also kept the secrets whom Allah had sent to Moses. Waraga also told the Prophet (PBUH) about the career he had received through the visit of archangel. This career was to perform the duty of inviting people towards one God and His religion. RAGRAPH # 3 (WARAQA’S PREDICTION), Waraga predieted that Mohammad (PBUH) would face opposition by his people after conveying the message of Allah to them. Waraga added that Mohammad (PBUH) might also face expulsion from his hometown. Moreover, Waraga assured his support for Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). Explain the significance of the actions of the Angel, Waraqa bin Nawfal in this event. [4] The Angel ‘The angel who visited Prophet (PBUH) was an archangel Gabriel. His actions in the event of Cave Hira are significant in different ways. Firstly, the angel while visiting Prophet (PBUH) was performing the duty assigned to him by Allah to bring Divine’s message to Allah’s chosen people. This shows Prophet (PBUH) was chosen by Allah. Secondly, by this visit the angel became the first one who alerted Prophet (PBUH) about his new career of conveying the received messages of Allah to common man. Lastly, as Allah uses the channel of angel to send down His messages therefore the appearance of angel in this event is a sign that the revelations the angel brought were truly from Allah. Waraga bin Nawfil ‘Waraga bin Nawfil was the cousin of Hazrat Khadija (RZ). His actions are significant to explain the visit of archangel to Prophet (PBUH) in cave of mount Hira. He was a scholarly person who had command over Christian and Jewish scriptures. He was the first to explain to the Prophet (PBUH) the significance of his experience. Since he was a scholarly person who knew Christian and Jewish scripture thus on the basis of that he helped Prophet (PBUH) realize that he had been visited by the Angel who had appeared to other messengers before and conveyed Allah's message. His explanation also helped the Prophet (PBUH) understand the responsibilities. These were about his new career of prophethood in which he would be receiving and conveying God’s message. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 7|Page&] Islamiyat with SKH « [@ 0300-2887099 ¢ il sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain (a) Hazrat Khadija (RZ): Hazrat Khadija (RZ) was the first wife of Holy Prophet (PBUH) who provided him with great support throughout the life. Her support after the event of cave Hira is also significant. She was the first one to know the terrifying experience of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). Moreover, she was the one who cheered him up at the time of utter confusion and shock. ‘Also, she helped him to sort out his confusion by choosing the right person to explain the strange experience Prophet (PBUH) had. This also gave him courage to work towards the noble mission. ARLY Preacuinc By Monammap enum Write a descriptive account on early preaching in Makkah by Mohammad (PBUH). [10] PARAGRAPH # 1 (INTRODUCTION) In the month of Ramadhan, one night Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) encountered the archangel Gabriel who brought God’s message and guidarice to him, By this Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) also received a new career of prophethood. This comprises of preaching God’s message and inviting the idol worshippers towards the unity of Allah. Initially, as per the Divine orders, Prophet (PBUH) preached the message of God silently. PARAGRAPH # 2 (EARLY PREACHING) ‘Mohammad (PBUH) started his task of inviting people from his closest one like his wife, friends and family members. This resulted in acceptance of Islam by around 40 members in the next three years. Since Hazrat Khadija (RZ) was the first one to know about Prophet (PBUH)’s experience of Cave Hira and she knew that her husband was no common man, She believed in him and accepted the true faith, She was the first Muslim in adult females. His childhood friend, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RZ), also believed in him when he got to know about Prophet (PBUH)’s mission and call on a return from a journey. He became first adult Muslim. In his family members, Hazrat Ali (RZ) became the first Muslim child when he was told about Prophet (PBUH)’s experience of cave Hira and revelations by Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) himself. Prophet (PBUH)’s slave Hazrat Zaid bin Harith (RZ) also believed in him and became the first Muslim among the slaves. ‘There were many others who believed in Prophet (PBUH) and some of them were later added in a blessed chain of Ashra Mubashra due to their earliest acceptance and sufferings. Few of them are Hazrat Argam (RZ), Hazrat Talha, Hazrat Zubair, Hazrat Abdur Rahman etc. ‘The Makkans didn’t pay attention to the acceptance of these followers as they were few in numbers. Afier sometime, Mohammad (PBUH) received an order from Allah to preach the message among hi family members. The Quran mentions this order in Surah Shua’ra: “And admonish your nearest kinsmen” (26:214) To follow the orders, Prophet (PBUH) called members of his clan, Banu Hashim, to his home. He wanted to address them in this meeting and invite them towards monotheism but due to the interruption of his uncle, Abu Lahab, he couldn’t precede and the meeting was abandoned. ‘The Prophet (PBUH) then held another meeting and called his family members in a feast. This time he addressed them and invited them towards Tawhid. He also informed them about his mission and prophethood. The overall reaction was very rude by the members of his clan. But Abu Talib, an uncle of Prophet (PBUH), assured his support to Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). Hazrat Ali (RZ) despite being so young also responded to the call whenever the Prophet (PBUH) placed a question for his support. In these years of silent preaching Muslims secretly meet in house of Arqam (Dar-e-Argam) which is the I Islamic community center. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 8|Page&] Islamiyat with SKH a) [id 0300-2887099 & sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain @) PAR. APH # 3 (OP! PREACHING} After three years of private and tribal preaching, the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) received Divine orders to announce his mission publicly. This order is mentioned in Surah Hij ‘The Quran states: “Therefore expound openly what you are commanded and turn away from those who join false gods with Allah”. (15:94) Al-Hijr To follow these orders the messenger of Allah went on mount of Saffah to call upon the Makkans (Quraish) towards the unity of Allah. ‘Ascending on Mount Saffah, he (PBUH) addressed to Quraish and asked them: “If I were to tell you that there were some horsemen in the valley waiting to raid you, would you believe me?” The Quraish replied: “Yes, we have always witnessed the truth from you” ‘There then he (PBUH) invited them to Islam, asked them to worship One Allah and told them that he was the Messenger of Allah ‘Abu Lahab interrupted first, he disgraced and cursed Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and talked to him in a loud and rude manner. Similarly, others called Mohammad (PBUH) a liar and a mad man. Diseppointed by the reaction of Abu Lahab, yet determined, he (PBUH) continued to invite the different clans one by one. His message also reached to the pilgrims of Ka’bah. He (PBUH) fulfilled the command of Allah to preach so the message of Allah reached every ear that came in contact with Mohammad (PBUH). However, this attempt of open preaching also resulted into few conversions. 'UTION OF QURAISH) joticing the growth and fame of Islam and conversion of many, the Quraish felt threatened and socially, financially and religiously insecure. They held a meeting in their assembly hall, Darul Nadwa, where they unanimously agreed that those who converted had betrayed them and the religion of their fathers and fore fathers. Therefore, Prophet (PBUH) who was the main cause of it and his followers would be tortured to renounce faith. ‘After this the Quraish particularly persecuted those who lacked in power and security like the poor and slaves. The tribal leaders physically assaulted those who embraced Islam from their tribe. Hazrat Bilal (RZ), Hazrat Ammar (RZ), Hazrat Yasir (RZ), Hazrat Sumaiya (RZ), Hazrat Khabab bin Arrat (RZ) and Hazrat Harith ibne Abi Hala are few of the victims of the brutality of Quraish. Hazrat Sumaiya (RZ), Hazrat Yasir (RZ) and Hazrat Harith (RZ) were martyred where as Hazrat Bilal (RZ), Hazrat Khabab (RZ) and Hazrat Ammar (RZ) were treated with barbarity. Prophet (PBUH) was also physically, mentally, verbally and morally tortured by the Makkans, His daughters were divorced by the sons of Abu Lahab, at different occasions he was mocked and was called a magician and a liar. Moreover, he was treated inhumanely by Abu Lahab and his wife who kept on throwing filth and thorns on his ways to disgrace him. Thus, for the next ten years Prophet (PBUH) and his followers lived miserably under the cruelties of Makkans. Opposition & Persecution OQ Mouammap (PBUH) Describe the main difficulties encountered by the Prophet (PBUH) himself during his time in Makkah after his call to prophethood. (10) PARAGRAPH # 1 (INTRODUCTION) From the event of cave Hira Mohammad (PBUH) was granted with apostleship and a new career of preaching the word of Allah. For the first three years he preached Islam secretly to the people he trusted and to his tribe Banu Hashim. After three years he was ordered by Allah to go with his message in public. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 9|Pagea a @ Islamiyat with SKH 7 « y 0300-2887099 é sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain = To cope up with these they held a meeting in their = The Quraish realized that Mohammad (PBUH) is the root cause of all their furies and insecurities - They called him a magician, the - They also called him Abtar on the death of his second son in infancy. To console Mohammad PARAGRAPH #2 (OPEN PREACHING AND AGGRESSIVE REACTION OF QURAISH) - Following the orders Mohammad (PBUH) gathered Quraish on mount of Saffah. There he confirmed their trust on him by asking a question about an army likely to attack them from behind the mountain. - The Quraish showed their complete trust upon him by calling him. - There then Mohammad (PBUH) shared the message of unity of Allah with them and invited them to believe in one God leaving the false practice of idol worshipping. ~ Listening to this the Quraish called him a liar and a mad man, also his uncle Abu Lahab disgraced ‘Though few also believed in hiny and converted. = The public declaration of Mohammad (PBUH)’s message and more conversions made the Quraish furious and developed social, economical and religious insecurities in them. sembly hall Dar-ul-Nadwa. therefore they agreed on taking measures against him. = They were reluctant to begin with the drastic action like Mohammad (PBUH)’s killing as Mohammad (PBUH) had already been provided with the tribal security by his uncle Abu Talib. = So to stop Mohammad (PBUH), the leaders of Quraish agreed on opposing and persecuting him as per their power. - First to begin with the tortures was Abu Lahab who ordered his sons to divorce their wives, who were Mohammad (PBUH)'s daughters. ~The Quraish also noticed Mohammad (PBUH) was more famous among the common man with his new message and teachings. Therefore, to negate his fame and to cut down his link with the conimon man they planned to spread a rumor that Mohammad (PBUH) is a magician so that the common man would be hesitant to listen to him and to believe in - To stop Mohammad (PBUH) and to compel him on quitting his mission, approximately for the next ten years the Quraish opposed and persecuted Mohammad (PBUH) in every possible way. They tortured him verbally, mentally, physically, morally, socially and economically. and the poet when he (PBUH) shared revelations with them. (PBUH) Allah sent verses of Surah Kauthar. It states: “Verily, We have granted you the Abundance .. Indeed, he who hates you, will be cut off (from future’s hopes)”. (108:1-3) Al-Kauthar - Their cruelties became more intensified when they tortured him physically. An old woman pelted rubbish upon him whenever he passed by her street. Abu Lahab and Umme Jamil threw thors and remainings of animals on his ways. Once when he was busy in worshipping Utba attempted to * strangle and to choke him. - When all these cruelties didn’t work as per the expectations of Quraish and they found out Mohammad (PBUH) fully determined they offered him bribes. = Utba delivered the message of Quraish to Prophet (PBUH) offering him wealth, prestige and woman. In response to these offers, Mohammad (PBUH) recited verses 1-21 of Surah Sajda that mention about the unity and exclusive attributes of Allah. = Once they agreed on worshipping Allah in exchange of Mohammad (PBUH)’s worshipping to their gods. Mohammad (PBUH) strongly tured down the offer and recited the following verse: “fo you be your religion, and to me mine” (109:6) Al-Kafiroon - Afier all the abovementioned cruel attempts the Quraish threatened Abu Talib to persuade his nephew on abandoning the mission or at least to withdraw tribal security from his nephew. = Abu Talib spoke to him; Mohammad (PBUH) in reply said the following historical words: “If they would place sun in my right hand and moon in my left on the condition to stop my mission, I would not stop, until Allah has made me successful in it or I die doing it - Seeing Mohammad (PBUH)'s determination and involvement Abu Talib continued both his support and security for Mohammad (PBUH). The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 10|Pagei Islamiyat with SKH a) [i 0300-2887099 é ] sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain In reaction to this, the Quraish boycotted Abu Talib, his family, Banu Hashim, Prophet (PBUH) and his loyal supporters excluding few who were Mohammad (PBUH)'s enemies like Abu Lahab. For the security of Mohammad (PBUH), Abu Talib took him and others to a valley named Shib Abi Talib where Mohammad (PBUH) and others spent three years in severe hunger, thirst and heat. After three years of boycott, due to the intervention of few generous members of the society of Makkah the boycott was lifted by Quraish. Soon after this Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija (RZ) died in the tenth year of prophethood. As both were so close to Mohammad (PBUH) and their deaths brought grievance in his life, for this reason the year in which they died came to be known as ‘The Year of Grief’. After the death of Abu Talib Prophet (PBUH) also lost the tribal protection, he couldn't regain it with similar level as the next leader of Banu Hashim was Mohammad (PBUH)’s enemy Abu Lahab. Thus, changing the tactic as per the new situation Mohammad (PBUH) went to preach Islam in Taif. The response of the residents of Taif on Mohammad (PBUH)’s invitation to Islam was quite similar to the Quraish. The leaders took Prophet (PBUH)’s invitation as an insult to their god and appointed street hooligans to pelt stones on Prophet (PBUH) and his companion Zaid bin Harith (RZ). Soon after Prophet (PBUH) escaped from the persecution of people of Taif, he was visited by the Angels who offered him to take revenge by crushing Taif in between the two mountains. Mohammad (PBUH) here reflected one of the biggest models of magnanimity and rather than seeking revenge he (PBUH) forgave his torturers and prayed for them. (b) How does his conduct in one of these difficulties provide an example for Muslims today? : {4] The Quraish tried all their methods on Mohammad (PBUH) but he was not deterred from even when offered bribes. This teaches us the lesson of steadfastness and determination. Learning from this Muslims today should remain unshaken and determined with their goals especially while doing anything for the cause of religion or country like preaching Islam, fighting for the cause of Allah or to defend the country. Note: (In implementation of determination to your goal you may also discuss the current example of blasphemous and insulting movie made on Mohammad (PBUH) and protesting against it with determination to ban the movie). You may also highlight the event of Taif and extract examples of patience, mercy, forgiveness and praying for enemies from it. Then you may proceed to discuss how to implement the extracted Tessons in your life Prrsecurio’ Own Fottowers Obpposirio! (a) Describe the difficulties faced by followers of Prophet (PBUH) in Makkah. {10} PARAGRAPH #1 RODUCTION) ‘As Mohammad (PBUH) began his mission and started with silent preaching, the Quraish did not react to this. But when Mohammad (PBUH) began to preach the message of Islam openly the Quraish felt religiously, socially and economically insecure. To cope up with these insecurities they held a meeting in their assembly hall, Dar-ul-Nadwa, where they agreed to stop the growth of Islam by opposing and persecuting Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and his followers; those who accepted him and his teachings. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 11 [Page0300-2887099 Islamiyat with SKH iC sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain PARAGRAPH # 2 (PI IECUTION ON FOLLOWERS) ~The Quraish decided to target those followers in particular who were poor or slaves and had no immunity from strong members of society. = To avoid the tribal clashes they agreed on torturing followers in a systematic way. = The tribal/family heads were made responsible to deal with their tribal/family members and to compel the followers of Islam on renouncing the new faith. - Similarly, masters were given the charge of slaves to stop them from believing in Islam and practicing it. = Among many tortures from the heads-examples of Hazrat Uthman (RZ) and Hazrat Zubair (RZ) are well known. + Hazrat Uthman (RZ)’s uncle, who was the tribal head of Banu Umayyah, tortured him by enrolling him in palm leaves and setting up a fire underneath, . - Hazrat Zubair (RZ)'s uncle named Naufil tortured him to leave faith. = From the tortures of masters, Hazrat Khabab (RZ) was one of the sufferers. His master used burning rod on his body but he practiced patience to it. Once the Quraish made him to lie on the bed of burning coals. = Though these tortures on Prophet (PBUH)’s followers were inhumane and unbearable yet none of the followers quit rather they remained determined and steadfast. ~ Hazrat Bilal (RZ)’s determination is evident to this. He was tortured by his master Umayya bin Khulf, Umayya made him to lie on the scorching sand, beat him with sticks, appointed street boys to drag him and also placed rocks on his chest to leave faith. In reaction to all these Hazrat Bilal (RZ) showed complete steadfastness and often he said Ahad! Which means God is the one. = During these tortures few followers also lost their lives. They preferred to sacrifice their lives on renouncing faith. Hazrat Sumaiya (RZ)’s sacrifice is the most prominent one who is also the first Muslim female martyr. While torturing, Abu Jahal stabbed her to death when she refused to accept ‘Abu Jahal’s demand of quitting Islam and submitting to the idols. - Not only individuals were treated with these brutalities, the poor families who lacked in strength and protection were also tortured, One of such victim families is the family of Hazrat Ammar (RZ). His Mother Hazrat Sumaiya (RZ) and his Father Hazrat Yasir (RZ) were martyred during the tortures. Similarly Hazrat Ammar himself and his brother were also treated with barbarities. = Other than these inhumanities and cruelties Muslims were also disallowed to worship at Kabah. If any Muslim attempted to offer any worshipping rituals near Kabah the Quraish reacted furiously. = This happened once when Hazrat Abdullah bin Masud recited verses of Quran before K’abah and the Quraish whipped him so hard that he received fatal injuries. = When the persecution took many lives and the growing persecution threatened the lives of many other followers, Allah ordered these followers through the verses of Surah Zumt to migrate. = The Quran states: “Good is for those who do good in this world, and Allah’s earth is spacious; only those who are patient receive the reward fully, without reckoning. (39:10) Al-Zumr = After this revelation, Mohammad (PBUH) instructed his followers to migrate to Abyssinia. - Following the instruction Muslims emigrated in two batches led by prominent companions of Prophet (PBUH) like Hazrat Uthman (RZ) and Hazrat Jaffer (RZ). ~The Quraish got enraged on this move and sent their strong men to bring the Muslims back, But in attempt to this they received a failure as Negus, the Christian King of Abyssinia, supported Muslims after listening to Muslims plea and the recitation of Surah Maryam. - In reaction to this failure, the Quraish looted Muslims possessions and properties and sold them out in Syria and Yemen. ~ Few years later they also boycotted Prophet (PBUH)’s followers socially and economically. - In these years Muslims lived in the valley of Shib Abi Talib where they had to bear intense sufferings of hunger, thirst and heat. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 42|Page&j Islamiyat with SKH 0300-2887099 sikhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain ag a i Q (>) Explain how their reaction to these difficulties can set an example for Muslims today? (4 They retained patience at all times. (Patience and perseverance) They also preferred to undergo hardships and death rather than giving up their faith. (Sacrifice). They refuse to renounce faith and remained determined to their agenda, (Steadfastness and determination). They also remained united in the cause of establishment of Istam. (Unity) ‘They obeyed their leader despite many hardships. (Loyalty to the leader) Revation Win ¢ JURAISH N Maxxan (a) Write about the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH)’s interaction with the Quraish while he lived in Makkah, before and after revelation. (10) PARAGRAPH # 1: (INTERACTION BEFORE REVELATION) Discuss his titles Al-Sadiq & Al-Amin. Discuss he was trusted for keeping their belongings. He was trusted to lead their caravan for business purpose (Hazrat Khadija (RZ)'s caravan). He was trusted as an arbiter (Event of the black stone). PARAGRAPH # 2: (INTERACTION AFTER REVELATION) Discuss very briefly about Mohammad (PBUH) becoming the Apostle of Allah and (96:1-5) Statements on ‘Silent Preaching’ with Reference (26:214) followed by discussion on rejection of Banu Hashim. Statements on ‘Open Preaching’ with Reference (15:94) followed by discussion on the event of ‘Mount Saffa where Quraish rejected his message. Conclude your answer with examples of Opposition and Persecution by Quraish on Prophet (PBUH). (b) Why did the Quraish feel they needed to reject the Prophet (PBUH)’s message? 14) ‘The Quraish who were mostly idol worshippers (polytheists) opposed Islam for mainly religious, conomical and social reasons. Firstly, the Quraish took Islam as an insult to the religion of their fathers and forefathers. This was mainly due to the Islamic ideologies of abandoning idol worshipping and worshipping only one God. Also they took the conversion of many into Islam as a betrayal to their gods and elders. Thus, to prove their loyalty they became stubborn with their idolatry. Secondly, success of Islam was a threat to their economy and pride in Arabia. With the possession of Ka’bah the Quraish eared many fortunes due to the visit of Jews, Christians and idolaters from all around Arabia. Their businesses in fairs also proved beneficial due to these visitors. If Islam succeeded, the possession of Ka’bah would no longer remain with them thus it would've stabbed the back bone of their economy. Also due to their gods and goddesses they kept inside Ka’bah they were granted immunity and favor from robbers and looters of caravans who never raided their caravans. Lastly, acceptance of Islam and its establishment would harm their social prestige. The Quraish had established themselves as superior in society and became heads by mainly oppression. They mistreated poor and slaves, degraded women and buried their daughters etc. By the acceptance of Islam they had to quit these false practices and consider themselves as equal to all those they had been oppressing. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 13|Page&@ Islamiyat with SKH « [@ 0300-2887099 C sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain Events Lp Ur To First Micration Give description of the events that led up to the migration to Abyssinia. {10} PARAGRAPH # 1 (INTRODUCTION) Write three lines on silent preaching. PARAGRAPH #2 (OPEN PREACHING) See page # 9 for this paragraph PARAGRAPH # 3 (PERSECUTION BY QURAISH) See page # 9 for this paragraph PARAGRAPH # 4 (MIGRATION TO ABYSSINIA) Discuss events till the escape of 2" batch (b) Suggest major reasons of migration to Abyssinia? [4] ‘There were several reasons for the first migration of Islam. Firstly, Muslims who had been living miserable lives under the aggression of Quraish wanted relief. In order to have peace in their life and to end up the series of persecution, migration seemed the best solution. Secondly, these Muslims also wanted to follow and practice the religion they accepted freely. was not possible without leaving the land of Makkah thus they moved to Abyssinia. Thirdly, the life of many followers was in danger as the Quraish had already taken the lives of many followers who refused to renounce the new faith. Therefore, to save their lives the followrs of Prophet (PBUH) had to leave Makkah. Lastly, it was the order of Allah to move on and leave the city of Makkah. Instructions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) were followed and Abyssinia was opted for this. his Micration To Apyssinia (a) Describe the events of migration to Abyssinia, the Hijra [10} PARAGRAPH # 1 (INTRODUCTION, Since Prophet (PBUH) invited Makkans generally towards the new faith the Makkans targeted Prophet (PBUH) and his followers with harshness. Give one example of persecution on Prophet (PBUH). (Optional) Give one or wo examples of persecution on followers of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). The persecution kept on increasing and the Soil of Makkah became extremely threatening for the new converts especially for the poor and weak. Alll eyes were on Prophet (PBUH) and his next command to deal with such severe tortures. PARAGRAPH # 2 (EVENTS + DIALOGUE WITH NEGUS) ‘The Prophet (PBUH) then received the revelation of Al-Zumr in which the followers were ordered to migrate. It states: “Good is for those who do good in this world, and Allah’s earth is spacious; only those who are patient receive the reward fully, without reckoning. (39:10) Al-Zumr Prophet (PBUH) after this Divine order asked his followers to move towards Abyssinia. Prophet (PBUH) knew that the ruler of Abyssinia, Ashamah who had been entitled as Negus, would support these emigrants because he was a just ruler. ‘Therefore the first batch of Muslims which included 12 men and 4 women migrated to Abyssinia. This group also had Prophet (PBUH)’s senior companion and son in law, Hazrat Uthman (RZ) and his wife Hazrat Ruqayya (RZ) who was also Prophet (PBUH)’s daughter. The Quraish attempted to pursuit this group to arrest them but they had already boated safely for their destination. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 14|Page@ Islamiyat with SKH « \ {@ 0300-2887099 C - @ sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain = These emigrants were welcomed warmly and found a safe place under the administration of Negus. = Therefore soon, another batch of Muslims led by Hazrat Jaffar bin Abu Talib consisting 83 men and 19 women migrated to Abyssinia. = This vexed the Quraish so much so that they decided to take serious measures against the followers. = For this, Abu Sufyan sent Amr bin Al Aas and Abdullah bin Rabiah to bring the emigrants back. - They carried rich bribes and gifts with them and presented them to Negus after reaching there. ~ Afterwards they demanded Negus to handover their runaway slaves. - Negus replied in affirmation in exchange of his runaway slaves. = But when Quraish demanded the free men as well whom they called the rebels of religion, Negus showed hesitation and said that he would decide this after hearing them. = The emigrants were called upon in Negus’ palace. These included Hazrat Uthman bin Affan, Hazrat Hamza bin Abdul Mutallib and Hazrat Jaffar bin Abu Talib also. = When on arrival of Negus, Muslim didn’t bow to him; he inguired the Muslims why didn't they bow? Didn’t they bow to their apostle, Mohammad (PBUH)? = Hazrat Jaffer (RZ) responded to this and said that they only bow to God as Mohammad is a man, = When Negus asked about the miracle of Mohammad (PBUH) like the miracles of Jesus if he is the messenger of God, Hazrat Jaffer (RZ) replied his miracle is the book, The Quran. = Negus didn’t get satisfied with this response and was about to hand the emigrants over to Quriash. Hazrat Jaffer (RZ) made the plea that they were told by Mohammad (PBUH) that no man was wronged under his (Negus’) administration. = Negus asked why Mohammad had sent them to him, Hazrat Jaffar (RZ) replied because of his justice and his belief in One God. - He (RZ) continued by saying that Allah speaks to Mohammad (PBUH) like He spoke to Abraham (AS), Noah (AS), Jesus (AS), Moses (AS) ete. = Hearing this, Negus said: “What Christ said and what Mohammad said is like two rays from the same light”. - Noticing that the speech of Hazrat Jaffar (RZ) touched the heart of Negus, Amr bin al Aas intervened and tried to provoke Negus that the Muslims say blasphemy about Jesus. = Negus strictly asked Muslims what Quran says about Jesus. - Hazrat Jaffar (RZ) then recited verses 16-21 of Surah Maryam. These verses mention about the glad tiding given to Hazrat Maryam (AS) by Hazrat Jibrael (AS) in her solitude that she would become a virgin mother of God’s messenger by Allah's command. PARAGRAPH # 3 (VERDICT OF NEGUS) = On recitation of these verses of Quran, the whole atmosphere of Negus’ palace became very : emotional that everyone there was crying hearing the voice of Hazrat Jaffar (RZ). - Negus then came forward and after drawing line on the ground Negus said to Muslims: “The difference between us and you is no bigger than this line”. = Tuming to Quraish, he said that not even for mountain of gold he would give them up to the Quraish. = Affer this, Negus announced a peaceful stay for emigrants in Abyssinia as long as they wished. Q (6) Why did the people of Makkah pursue Muslims? 4] - The people of Makkah pursued Muslims for various reasons. - Initially when after open preaching Islam gained some strength their hatred to the new religion was immediately assessed by their cruel treatment to Prophet (PBUH) and his followers. = They implemented every possible way to destroy Muslims and Islam, the newly growing faith. = When Muslims escaped from their cruelties and went to Abyssinia they tried their level best to bring them back. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 15|PageG Islamiyat with SKH [4 0300-2887099 ) @ sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain - This is due to their insecurity from Muslims. They felt threatened of losing their prestige and power in Makkah with the success of Muslims. - They knew that the increase of Muslims in number would directly affect their religion as Islam was totally against Polytheism. = Since Ka’bah was sacred for Muslims as well therefore the moment Muslims would come in power their idols would be harmed inside Ka’bah and they would also lose the possession of Ka’bah = With the possession of Ka’bah their economical stability would also be harmed as they wouldn’t be able to gain financial and social benefits from the fairs they conducted for pilgrims. - Thus, they pursued Muslims so that Islam wouldn’t flourish and affect their religious and economical the center of Arabia, Q — ()_ Explain significance of migration to Abyssinia? 4] - Muslim’s migration to Abyssinia was significant in different ways. ~ It was the first migration Muslims did for the cause of Islam and its establishment, - Iwas also the first political measure made by Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). This gave birth to the idea of establishing a separate Islamic state with independence and freedom. So, in later years Muslims emigrated to Madinah and established a separate Islamic state under Mohammad (PBUH). - This migration also brought relief to the followers who had been suffering in Makkah. In Abyssinia under the administration of Negus they could worship openly and practice religion freely. - Moreover, this brought immunity to the believers’ lives which were under the threat in Makkah. Tue Boycorr Q (a) _ Describe the events relating to the Boycott of Banu Hashim and others. [10 - PARAGRAPH # 1 (CAUSES) - Inresult of Prophet (PBUH)’s general announcement of religion Islam, the Quraish started torturing, Muslims especially the poor and slaves. = The cruelties of Quraish in persecuting got so intense that it became very difficult for the followers of Prophet (PBUH) to reside in Makkah anymore. Moreover, their lives were also in danger. = Prophet (PBUH) on receiving revelation from Allah ordered his followers to migrate to Abyssinia. -. Thus, Muslims migrated in two batches, one after another. When Quraish tried to pursue them and bring them back, they remained unsuccessful in that due to Negus’ support for Muslims. ~ This caused insecurity among the Quraish and they thought that Mohammad (PBUH) was planning an attack on them with the help of Negus to invade Makkah. = Quraish could not harm Mohammad (PBUH) much due to his clan’s support for him as Abu Talib, the uncle of Prophet (PBUH) and the leader of strong clan Banu Hashim had full support for him. - The Quraish were also hesitant to take strict measures against Mohammad (PBUH) and others as two strong members, Hazrat Hamza (RZ) and Hazrat Umar (RZ), had embraced Islam. - (PARAGRAPH #2 (THE BOYCOTT) - The Quraish held a meeting in Khaif Banu Kinana and agreed to form a hostile restriction and to boycott both Bani Hashim and Bani Al-Mutallib. = It was a social and an economic Boycott from all the other clans of Makkah. In it no clan of Makkah was allowed to keep marriages or any kind of social relationship with Banu Hashim and Banu Mutallib. They were also not allowed to conduct business with them, - This agreement was signed by around 40 tribal heads of Quraish and then hung on the wall of Ka’bah, It is reported that many tribes were forced to go for this brutal act. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 16|Page@G Islamiyat with SKH a) [@ 0300-2887099 ¢ @ sirkhurramhussain@[Link] Sir Khurram Hussain Due to social and economic Boycott, the Hashmites retired to the rock-bounded property of Abu Talib. This was situated in the outskirts of Makkah and was called Shib Abi Talib. ‘The members of Bani Hashim, Bani Mutallib and other followers were included in these restrictions. ‘Abu Lahab and his family were not included in this exile as they were the blood thirsty enemy of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) so they were granted exception. For the next three years, they all lived a miserable life in Shib Abi Talib. They remained hungry and thirsty most of the time. At different occasions they had to eat even leaves and leathers to survive. ‘The valley through out the day echoed with the weeping of children who cried due to lack of food. Hazrat Saad ibne Abi Waqqas (RZ) reported, once they found leather which they washed and boiled and then had it due to the unavailibility of food. ‘At times, when they tried to buy food from the caravans coming towards Makkah from outside, Abu Lahab intervened and bought the food by offering higher prices. So they bought food in four holy months in which no enmity was allowed in Arabia. The food was also often brought to them by some generous people who mercifully helped these sufferers, Among those helpers were also Hazrat Khadija (RZ)’s relatives and clan members. During this Boycott, Prophet (PBUH) tried to preach Islam at the famous fair of Ukaz. Abu Lahab made these attempts useless by shouting and abusing his nephew. In result of this, foreigners dispersed noticing that he (PBUH) didn’t even have support from his own clan. Therefore, during these three years Islam couldn’t really progress as it did before. PARAGRAPH # 3 (LIFTING OF BOYCOTT) Some Makkans got touched with the sufferings of Banu Hashim for the long three years therefore they attempted to end this inhumane act and persuaded Quraish to negotiate with the sufferers. Negotiations started between Abu Talib and Quraish. The Quraish demanded him to hand over his nephew. Abu Talib told them he would hand him over if they prove his nephew wrong and if they couldn’t they would lift the boycott. He asked them to see the agreement they had hung on the wall of Ka’bah. Abu Talib said Allah informed his nephew that the agreement had been eaten by termites. When Quraish opened the doors of Ka’bah, they found the parchment already eaten except the words of Allah. The polytheist had a golden opportunity to experience a striking sign of Mohammad (PBUH)’s apostleship that he was informed about the eating of parchment through revelation but they continued to disbelief. The Quran states: “But if they see a Sign, they turn away, and say ‘This is continuous magic.” (54:2) Al-Qamar Soon after the boycott was lifted in the same year Prophet (PBUH) lost the two most important people in his life; his uncle Abu Talib and his wife Hazrat Khadija (RZ). The Prophet (PBUH) was struck by grief due to this loss. Therefore, the year 619 A.D (10" year of prophethood) is also known as the year of grief. Moxammap (PBUH) 2s Visit. To ACTF (a) Give description of Prophet (PBUH)’s visit to AL-Ta’if, (10) PARAGRAPH # 1(CAUSES) ‘Mohammad (PBUH) had been teaching the people of Makkah for ten yeats. In these ten years they not only stubbornly refused to accept the monotheistic faith, but also made his and his followers” life vulnerable. Therefore, preaching Islam in Makkah wasn’t progressive and growing anymore, After their cruelty of Boycotting Banu Hashim for three years, Prophet (PBUH) had lost two of his greatest supporters Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija (RZ) in the tenth year of prophethood. Thus, naming the year due to Mohammad (PBUH)’s grief the year of mourning/grief. These deaths not only took away his beloved relations but also his moral support and security. The Biography of Mohammad (PBUH) 47|Page