ction for Kazakhstan Science Schools GRADE 11 Workbook & Grammar Book Jenny Dooley - Bob Obee Guns Express PublishingPublished by Express Publishing Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG19 GHW, United Kingdom Tel. (0044) 1635 817 363 Faxe (0044) 1635 817 463 mail: inquiries @expresspublishing.co.uk Wwwwexpresspublishing.co.uk Exclusive Distributors LLP “EDU Stream’ rot Bogenta batyr, 050002 Almaty, Kazakhstan Tel: +7(727)283 85 89 - 4717271293 94 39 © Jenny Dooley - Bob Obee, 2020 Design and tlustration © Express Publishing, 2020 First published 2020 Printed in Kazakhstan Alltights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be ‘eproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers This book is not meant to be changed in any way. ISBN 978-1-4715-8443-5 Acknowledgements ‘Authors’ Acknowledgements Pe (ould tke to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skils to producing this book. Thanks for their support and patience are due in particular te Megan Lawton (Editor in Chief); Mary Swan and Sean Todd (senior editors); Michael Sadler and Steve Miller (tates assistants); Richard White (senior Production controller); the Express design team; Express studio. {recording producers); and Kevin Haris, Kimberly Eker: Steven Gibbs and Christine ite. We would also lite to thank thee institutions and teachers who piloted ‘he manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable mans production of the book.Cmodule 1 ta tb 1c 1d Reading Task module 2 2a 2b 2 2d Reading Task (CModule 3 3a 3b 3c 3d Reading Task CModule 4 da 4b Ac 4d Reading Task (Module 5 5a 5b 5c 5d Reading Task Contents (CModule 6 a|o 5 6b. é| & 78 od 3 | Reaing Tas (Module 7 wi)? n 2 | @uakaee qaqa | (Module 8 15 a & & aa 16 | Reacing Tat Hi 8 | Game — 19-20 pete 2 ot a 9b 9c si 22 | Retin Ts 3 2% | Grammar Bank 25.26 | Grammar Bak Grammar Bank 2 Gomme Bank 3 Gara Bank 4 2 Grammar Bank 5 23 | Grammar dank 6 30 Grammar Bank 8 3132 | Grammar Bank 3 requir Ves pp. 34 35 36 37-38 39 40-41 42 B 45-46 a7 48. a9 50 51-52 53 54-55 56-76 77-82 84 85-89 90-91 92-93, 94Vocabulary 1 ® Label the picture. Use: stem. flower, pod, seed, aa =a) ie 2 ** Choose the correct item. lions of years, the process of 1) hybridization/ evolution has made us the human beings we are today. ‘But what is it that controls who we are as individuals? I's our NA. This amazing molecule has a double-helix 2) structure/ ‘model and is where all of our genes can be found. 3) Anatomy/ Heredity is the passing on of genes from parents to their 4) offspring/generation through reproduction. Many of our 45) traits/tissues and characteristics are controlled by the 6) transtusion/inheritance of genes which can be explained bby Mendel’s law of 7) segregation/pasteurisation. Our Genetic information, also known as our 8) domain/genotype, ‘contains genes from both of our parents. However, not all of ‘our genes are expressed. A description of the genes that we do express is known as our 9) phenatype/genome. A good example Is our blood groups: we inherit genes from both Parents, but our own expressed blood group might not match either parent 3 *>% Fill in: selective, dominant, recessive, primary, model. 1 sommnmnnsnse GENES are typically represented in an organism's phenotype. 2 The law of segregation is now one of the sss principles of genetics Bonn breeding is a way of guaranteeing that certain traits are inherited. aa 1. System is an organism that is used to study and understand certain patterns 5 Anallele that is will only produce its characteristic when paired with an identical allele. 4 *% Complete the email. Use: pass, inherit, determine, conduct, cross-pollinate. From: frank holt @mail2c.uk To: james. witherst®maiLunicom ‘Subject: Research Opportunity Hi James, How are you? I'm planning to 1) some research and | was wondering if you would be interested in joining my team. I'm trying to Dov how the plants Achillea millefolium, commonly known as yarrow, 3) their medicinal qualities through DNA. If | can work out hhow these plants 4) their qualities on from generation to generation, | can 5) different plants to enhance their medicinal value. The project is fully-funded by the university, and | have three open spots on my team. Let me know if you or any of your colleagues are interested, Many thanks, Frank Grammar 5 _* Match the two columns to form complete sentences, [7] Miras is always interested [27] He was upset 31] It was kind of Assel [41] She will be devastated [51] Nurlan was pleased 6] _] Scientists are unsure A. how to classify the newly-discovered species. B_ when she learns that her paper hasn't been published. € to volunteer to help me conduct my research. D_ when he realised his experiment had been compromised. E to hear that he had been accepted onto 2 course in Biology. F to learn about the latest discoveries in genetics. | |Vocabulary ‘a & Choose the correct item. 1 Most of the animals in the world have an internal skeleton, making them vertebrates! invertebrates. 2 Genus/Kingdom was the highest rank of classification in Linnaeus’ original system. 3 Initially, animals were classified according to their attributes/species. 4 Botanists/Taxonomists are scientists who classify life forms. 5 Approximately 30% of the world’s species are found in the depths/systems of the Amazon rainforest. 6 New discoveries in biology are published and kept on record/taxonomy. 2 * > Fill in: binomial, optical, invalid, standardised, native. Tr snow leopard is an amazing animal that is BY cose . to Kazakhstan. It is also known as Panthera uncia using Carl Linnaeus’ 2) naming system. In this system, all the names of plants and animals are 3) sessstsrseanne 80 they contain two parts: the genus and the species. This system made all previous scientific names of organisms 4) and was one of the biggest advances in the field of taxonomy since the invention of the 5) lens. 5 & Find an Word Formation 3 ** Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in capitals. 1. Do you know the .. _ name for calendula? SCIENCE 2 Sometimes it's more helpful to sketch a plant than to write a long of its appearance. DESCRIBE 3 All the plants in the Asteraceae family have certain shared ..... CHARACTER 4 The of the exhibits is determined by thelr taxonomic classification. ARRANGE 5 Optical lenses were an important that led to many escoveres in science. INVENT Grammar 4 * Find and identify the pre- and post-modifying noun structures below. 1. Students normally conduct experiments in the school science lab upstairs. 2 Dolly was cloned from a sheep that was six years old. 3 The doctor performed a quick transfusion, saving the life of a 10-year-old girl. 4. The university has just installed a new lab with state-of-the-art equipment. 5 Animals displaying traits of two different taxonomic groups are called connecting links. 6 Arachnids are organisms which have eight legs, such as spiders and scorpions. identify the pre- and post-modifying noun structures below. GREEN HILL High School * * se posted: 1:00 pm, Sth March Attention Green Hill residents! On Friday 12th March, Green Hill High will proudly present ‘The Minds of Tomorraw’, our annual science fair, for the tenth year running! Throughout the event's 10-year history, there have been some mind-blowing discoveries which have taken our breath away, as well as a host of amazing inventions from some of the countrys brightest students. This year we have over 50 students who will be competing for first prize, so it’s sure to be exciting, oo SS VTVocabulary 4 * Choose the correct item. 1 Platelets/Antigens are cells responsible for preventing blood loss. 2 Anatomy/Immunology is a branch of biology concerned with the body's defence system 3A paternity/plasma test can tell a person about their heritage. 4 Our bodies create antibodies/recipients to eliminate infections. 5. A reaction/transfusion can help a person who has lost a large amount of blood. 2 ** Complete the text. Use: conduct, clump, determine, contribute, clot, inherit. WHAT IS A BANK? blood bank is a place where donated blood is stored that can later be used in transfusions. People can 1) sevonns nnn tthe blood bank by making a donation. However, before their donated blood can be used, scientists must 2) atest to 3) io type. Our blood types are something we 4)... ‘rom our parents. i's important for people to receive a ‘compatible blood type because when incompatible types mix, the blood cells 5) together. Ina patient, this could cause the blood to 6) and could even be fatal Prepositions/Phrasal verbs 3 & Choose the correct item. 1. Ben was brought out/up by his grandparents because his parents were working abroad. 2 Carl Linnaeus contributed greatly to/for the field of taxonomy. 3 Jane has got the flu, and so we are informing anyone she may have come into contact with/from recently. 4 Most of their research was carried out on/in common plants 5. Berik pointed up/out the error in my calculations 6 The blood type B positive is not compatible with/to type A negative. 4 a) b) Grammar e% Rewrite the sentences using: apposition. 1. Ellen and Julia wrote the article. They are two of the brightest students in the department. 2 Ginger is good for circulation. It is a well-known culinary spice. textual referencing. 1. Practising medicine is a difficult career, but practising medicine is very rewarding. 2. Karl Landsteiner conducted research for years and Karl's team managed to distinguish the main blood groups in 1900. Listening 4% (Listen to an interview about blood research. For each question (1-5), choose the correct answer (A-C). Why has Dr Hopkins been invited to the radio show? A to explain the functions of different types of blood cells B to describe the daily routine of a haemotologist C to discuss a recent development in haematology What does Dorothy say about platelets? A They are produced quickly. B The are underappreciated, C They are extremely fragile. According to Dorothy, bone marrow ‘A. can be produced using fat tissue. B can be transplanted with ease. € can be replaced by stem cell. What does Dorothy say about the application of the new discovery? A Its still in the early stages of development. B Itwill soon be able to cure life-threatening diseases. C_It.can make people immune to infections. How does the host feel about the discovery? A He thinks stem cells are the future of modern medicine. B He believes it will lead to more positive developments. He feels that blood researchers should proceed with care.Writing (an email) 4. * Which style would you use in each email? Write | (informal) or F (formal) according to which style you would choose to write an email to: 1 your science teacher. 2 your cousin asking him about his new job. 3 a personnel manager. 4a family member to invite them to your birthday party. 5 a local countillor to inform them about a school event. 2. * Read the rubric and answer the questions. You are president of your school t biology club. Your school is Thosting a Biology Week next {month and your teacher has asked 1 you to invite a biologist from the local university to give a talk to students, Write an email to the scientist inviting them to attend the event and give a talk. Give details about where and when the event will take place and say why { you chose to ask him/her Who is going to read your email? Why are you writing it? What style will you write in? How many main body paragraphs will you include? What will each be about? 3. * Read the email. Put the paragraphs in the correct order. Dear Mr Smith, [AT_] The Biology Week will take place from the 15th to 19th March on campus at Oak Tree Road in Cardiff. The topic you will talk about is entirely your decision, but it should be biology-related. [BI_]1 am writing to invite you as a guest speaker to give a talk to Year 11 students during Biology Week, which is going to be held at Red Bridge School in Cardiff. It would be an honour to have you as our guest. (EL JIf there are any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. | genuinely hope that you will accept my invitation. [D[_] We specifically asked you to be present and give a talk because we respect your work and it has deeply inspired us. Furthermore, you used to be a former student of our school, 0 it would be an honour to host you within our premises, | look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Robin Jones 4% Read the email again. Match each paragraph to the information below. T_] ‘reason for writing [3] reason for inviting the guest 2 details of the event [4] | closing remarks 5% Match the phrases with their correct equivalents [1] Wd love it if you A Itis with great pleasure that would say yes. I write to you with a [2]_] Ask me anything request. you want toknow. 8 It would bring me great 3]_] Tell me if you can pleasure if you could attend, come Please inform me if you are [41] | thought I'd drop able to attend. you a line to ask D Ifyou have any questions, you something. don’t hesitate to contact [5]_] Please let me know me. what happens. E Please inform me of any developments6 ** Read the email below. What is the purpose of the email? Who is the: writer? recipient? Dear Mr Jones, 1) Lwas glad to receive your invitation to speak at your school Biology Week. I feel honoured to have been asked to attend, 2) It_gives me great pleasure to_accept_your invitation to attend the event. Tam available on the morning of the 16th March, so perhaps we can arrange for me to deliver my speech at around 10:00. That way, I can stay for an hour or so afterwards to answer questions and interact with the students. I am considering speaking about the recent developments in haematology, as it is my area of current research. I hope this will be an acceptable subject for the Year 11 students, 3) Once again, thank you for the kind invitation. 1 am very much looking forward to seeing my old school again, and meeting all the young science enthusiasts. Kindly let me know if the date and time T have proposed is convenient. Yours sincerely, Dr Michael Smith 7 @)_#% Replace the underlined phrases (1-3) with alternative ones from the Useful Language box. Opening remarks + L was delighted to receive your invitation + Thank you for your kind invitation to + am very grateful for your invitation to Accepting ‘+ Lam pleased/happy to accept your invitation to + It-gives me great pleasure to accept your invitation * It will be my pleasure to come to Refusing * Unfortunately | will be unable to .. * Tregret to inform you that | will be unable to... ‘Lam afraid that | will be unable to... + Please accept my apologies as | will not be able to Closing remarks * Once again, thank you for the kind invitation. * My thanks again for the invitation, * I would like to thank you again for inviting me. b) 4% Use phrases from the Useful Language box to rewrite the email in Ex. 6 refusing the invitation. Give reasons for refusing the invitation & _* Read the rubric and underline the key {Where students will have the chance to do words. Then answer the questions, Your school holding a Genetics Day next week t experiments in sophisticated new science labs listen to a scientist giving a talk on genetics and explore the facilities. Your teacher has asked you to invite the head teacher of the local | international school. Write an email to the head | teacher inviting them to attend the event. Give details of the time, place and activities of the vent. Write your email (120-180 words). Who are you and who are you writing to? 2 What style will you write in and why? 3. What greeting/ending will you use and why? A Dear Jon, All the best B Dear Mr Jon, Yours faithfully Dear Mr White, Yours sincerely 4. Which points should you include? a descriptions of the experiments b when and where Genetics Day will tke place © the success of last year's Genetics Day d_ what will happen on Genetics Day Q ** Write your email. Use the plan, the ideas from Ex. 8 and your own ideas. Greeting: Dear Mr/Mrs Para: opening remarks, reason for writing Paras 2&3: developing of topics (details of time, place & activities) losing remarks Yours sincerely, "Parad: Sign off:Reading Task Read the text. For each question, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). What is the writer's opinion about Charles Darwin's theory? A tis irrelevant in the industrial age. B It applies now more than ever before C Itis gaining in popularity D_Itnow has a different meaning, What does ‘they’ refer to in line 9? A the fields in which change is occurring B the countries of the world C the things that are changing D the rates at which progress is being made ‘What does the article tell us about biocompatible adhesives? A They could prove useful in the medical industry. B They are likely to be costly to produce. © They could replace glue-like products. D. They are currently used in Medicine and Biology. How did the scientists at the National Centre for Biotechnology create their adhesive? A They used substances produced by living creatures. B They copied a process that occurs naturally. C They engineered adhesives made by their competitors. D They used naturally-occurring proteins What does the writer think about the future of biocompatible adhesives in Kazakhstan? ‘A The market will never surpass 2013 levels of demand. B The industry wil be taken over by global companies. © The country will continue to lead innovation. D Progress will be expensive. 8) INNOVATION Greeti) harles Darwin's theory about the ‘survival of the fittest’ said that those who survive are not the strongest or most intelligent, but rather those who are the most responsive to change. Now, in the time of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, that idea has taken on a new significance. Progress is being made at unprecedented rates on all fronts, and things are changing more quickly than ever before. It is the responsibility of each country to ensure that they stay ahead of the curve in some way, and Kazakhstan is, doing just that in the field of Material Science ‘At the National Centre for Biotechnology in Nur-Sultan, scientists have been making great strides towards creating a powerful biocompatible adhesive. Biocompatible adhesives are glue-like substances which are designed to be safe when applied to biological materials. There are a variety of applications for this, but most notable is the range of potential uses in Medicine and Biology. For example, a biocompatible adhesive could provide @ convenient yet affordable replacement for traditional surgical sutures, which are used to keep wounds closed while they heal The inspiration came directly from nature, as many creatures, such as frogs, spiders, and even some fish are known to use natural adhesives for various purposes. Research has shown that proteins play a large part in natural adhesives, so the scientists in Nur-Sultan have put this 2 principle to use. By engineering their own proteins, they have created an adhesive that is said to be at least one hundred times stronger than its closest competitor. What's more, if it does find its way onto the global market, mass production will make it substantially cheaper as well This branch of science is stil relatively new, but already there is huge global demand for these products. The market for bio-based adhesives was estimated at $3 billion back in 2013, and that figure is expected to double in the near future. Fortunately, the material scientists of Nur-Sultan are on the cutting edge of developments, and are ensuring that Kazakhstan will continue to thrive in this field.10 VE Vocabulary 41 * Fillin: toil, beak, wings, talons, eyes, plumage. Anatomy of the Golden Eagle * large 1) which measure up to 2.2 metres across © dark brown 2) with golden feathers: ‘on the head and neck '* four sharp 3) .... ‘on each foot '* hooked yellow 4) .» for eating © large, forward-facing 5)... oneach side of the head * a6) up to 36 cm long 2. ** Choose the correct item. HiTom, ‘Apologies for not replying to your email sooner, but I've been on location in the Tien Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan. I've been monitoring a pair of golden eagles ~ Burkit and Ainara that 1) nestlinhabit high (on a cliff every year. They explore other areas in winter, but they always return to their eyrie to 2) incubatel breed. Their territory seems to 3) exertloverlap with that of another pair of eagles, and Burkit got into a few fights this year! There are plenty of animals for the eagles to 4) consumelprey on here, however, so they don’t need to compete for food. Our main problem was. watching out for poachers who want to 5) detect! capture the eagle chicks. Luckily, the sight of our tents kept thieves away and Burkit and Ainara raised two healthy young eagles this year! I'm attaching some photos of these wonderful birds Hl call you soon to chat, ‘Aaron 3 a) * Match the words to make phrases, (11_] breeding A period [2[_} incubation B eyesight | [BT] conservation —¢ prey | [47] bird of D group 5]_] raptor E season | [EL] good F species J b) %% Use some of the phrases in Ex. 3a to complete the sentences. The golden eagle’s hooked beak shows that itis one of the many sone Our... is trying to save the golden eagles of Kazakhstan. How long is the 0 eagle eggs? The golden eagle isn't the largest .. a ‘that is the Andean condor. for golden Grammar * Complete the dialogue using the correct present/past perfect tense, Hi, Alice! Are you writing your biology essay? Yes, but my head aches. | 1)... ses (stare) at this computer for hours and | 2 I (not/finish) yet. You should take a break. Yesterday, | felt really tired because | 3) .. . (do) research online all afternoon. | tumed on the TV to relax and found a documentary about steppe eagles. 1 4) oc ccssamnmamenenacen (not/hear) of them before, but they're a great subject for my essay! | made a lot of notes while I was watching the programme. 7% & Rewrite the sentences in the passive. They have rescued three injured birds so far. right now? They didn’t release the eagles last week They Say that female eagles are bigger than males, They hadn't allowed anyone to enter the eagle sanctuary all week All visitors must obey the rules of the nature reserve at all times.Vocabulary ‘4% Fill in: echolocation, mammal, gravity, flexible, nocturnal, pest, wingspan, tendons, chiropterologist, high-pitched. Welcome to the Bat House, Holloway Zoo: Come inside and meet our colonies of Rodrigues fruit bats Livingstone’ fruit bats and Seba’s short- tailed bats, To get you started, here are 8 bat facts from our sient 4) «Rob Jones. Bats ... arent birds! They area type of 2) because they ve bith tov young a3) ‘animals because they are active at night. © emit 4 sounds from theit mouths ot nostis, They bounce these sounds off objects to find out where they are. This scaled 8) © are many different sizes. The 6)... species varies from 15 om to 1.7 metes! © have very 7) wings that can move in many diferent ways ‘© sleep upside-down, The special 8) in their feet Support them in this position, while at the same time being total relaxed! of diferent © are useful for 9) contra! because they consume insects which eat food crops, © can hang upside-down for MOUS. 10) enennn AOBSHt ‘make ther blood rush to their heads in the same way ours «does because they ae so small! Word Formation Complete the sentences with a word formed from the wor 1 Bats are very about their diet SELECT 2 It's to see bats in this part of the city. I've never seen one before, USUAL 3 Animals, birds and insects all help with the - . of plants and the spreading of seeds. POLLINATE 4 He studies bats, so he mainly works in the evening and at night when they are secon ACT 5 Bats’ ability to echolocate is... the dark. USE in Grammar 3 * Choose the correct item. 1 It's/There’s a white tiger at this zoo. 2 There's/t's a bird trapped inside the building; there's/it’s a pigeon. 3 There's/It’s very hot today so the lions are sheltering under the trees 4 It’s/There’s a 40 minute drive to the aquarium, do you still want to go? 5 Please remember that one/they should not feed the animals, as the sign states. 6 You/They say that animals can sense when it's going to rain. 4 * Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. 1 'T'll meet you outside the reptile house,’ Jenny said to us, 3 'We went to the 200 last weekend,’ they said 4 ‘I didn’t see the elephants’ she said 5 I've been reading about bats all day today,’ John said. 5 ** Change the following from direct into reported speech using the introductory verbs in brackets. 1. ‘Download the local area map on your mobiles,’ our guide said to us. (remind) 2 ‘Let’s have lunch at the zoo café, (suggest) Tina said. 3 ‘Don't tap the glass in the aquarium,’ he said to them. (order) 4 ‘When did you visit the 200?’ Mike said to me. (ask) 5 ‘Sorry I'm late,’ Anna said. (apologise) 11Vocabulary 1a) & Fillin: dorsal, peduncle, melon, flukes, 3 ears, rostrum, blowhole, pectoral. . 1 —= Dolphin Anatomy — = Paps have: 2 at) for breathing air (on either side of the head which {or receiving echolocation signals 3 ‘which contains the mouth and . fins for direction fin for balance .» which is a muscular area that ‘moves the tal up and down which are the two parts of the 6 b) > Label the picture with the sentences (A-H) from Ex. 1a, 10 4 A z ‘* & Fill in: feed, steer, classify, determine, B propel. c 1 Biologists dolphins as cetaceans. o 2 Dolphins use their pectoral fins to themselves in the right direction. E 3 How does a dolphin... itself through F the water? 4. Female bottlenose dolphins usually their young milk for two or three years, 5. Dolphins .. their position by using echolocation 12 Grammar > Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present or past tense. What last night? 1.4 (not/hear) of the pink river dolphin before | saw that documentary last week. --(youldo) at 10 o'clock (Sam/finish) his research on dolphin behaviour yet? Lucy is very tired. She in the rary all day. We . .- (win) three tickets to the aquarium last: summer. They finally saw a whale after they .. (sail) for five hours. .. (study) seo (the aquarium keepers/eed) the dolphins twice a day? Tom (see) an expert on animal behaviour later today. He needs help with his project What .. (you/think) of this documentary? Is it well-researched? All yesterday evening, Jon (work) on his project while David (study) for his exams in Biology, Listening & You will hear five people talking about zoos. Match the speakers (1-5) to their opinions (A-F). One opinion is extra. Animals lose their autonomy in zoos. Wild animals need space to run free. Zoos generate money for the local economy. Visitors to the zoo support the well-being of the animals. ‘Speaker 1 Zo0s help animals to survive. Keeping animals in captivity is [SPeaKer 2 debabs PEMEY'S Tepeaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5Writing (an opinion essay) 4. * Read the rubric and answer the questions. 1 You have had a clas dscusion about the folowing 1 ' statement. Animals in captivity should be released | { back into the wild. Write an essay for your teacher } expressing your opinion (150-200 words). 1 1. What type of essay is it? Who is going to read it? 2. How many paragraphs should the essay have? 3 In which paragraph(s) should the writer state his/her opinion? 4. Should the writer present the opposite viewpoint? 2. * Read the model. What is the writer's opinion on the issue? It was conservationist Lawrence Anthony who said, “The only good cage is an empty cage," and many people agree with him, 1)... animals held in captity shouldbe released back into the wild for several reasons. Bin wow» animals in captivity do not have enough space, no matter how lage their enclosures appear to us. 3)... according to the charity Freedom for Animal, fons and tigers have around 18,000 times less space in 00s than they have in the wild. 4) soon .~-» animals lose their identity in captivity. 5). sone they do not have to find their own food and their social structure is dictated for them. They therefore lose skils that they would need to survive in the wild and are not able to live as nature intended. 8) + some people argue that releasing captive animals back into the wild would cause more problems because they would not be able to cope. The reason for this, as stated above, is, that they have not leamed the skills required to survive during their time in captivity. i) , | believe that animals held in captivity should be released back into the wild when possible, but that each case should be assessed individually. Perhaps a sick animal or one born in captivity would not be able to survive in the wild, but the majority of captive animals would be better off if they were fre. 3 * Read the model again and complete the gaps with words/phrases from the list. * On the other hand ¢ To start with + All things considered + In my opinion * This is because * Furthermore + For example 4 a) * Which techniques (A-C) has the writer used to start and end the essay in Ex. 27 ‘A ask a rhetorical question C use a quotation B_ make a statement b) o& # Rewrite the conclusion using the other technique 5% * Underline the topic sentences in the model in Ex. 2. Which sentences (A-D) could replace them? There is one extra sentence. A In addition, animals lose their natural characteristics and abilities in captivity, B The reason for this is that enclosures are not large enough for animals to behave as they would in the wild. C Firstly, the amount of space available to animals in captivity is limited. D However, it is said that captive animals would not be able to survive in the wild if they were released 6 _* Read the model and fill in the table. Reason/Example Viewpoint 1 Viewpoint 2 Opposite viewpoint 1314 Grammar 7 =a) % Find an example of a cleft sentence in the model in Ex. 2. b) * * Rewrite the sentences as cleft sentences. 1 People don’t realise that exotic animals need to eat a special diet. What .... 2 Exotic pets are the most difficult animals to care for, It. 3. The cost of caring for exotic pets deters many people from buying them, What 4 The risk of disease is the thing that worries people about keeping exotic animals, Whet .... 5 American naturalist Edwin Way Teale wrote, “Those who wish to pet and baby wild animals ‘love’ them. But those who respect ‘their natures and wish to let them live normal lives, love them more." Your turn 8 * Read the rubric and match the viewpoints (1-4) to the reasons (a-d). ! You have had a class discussion about the following statement. { People should not keep exotic pets, Write an essay for your ! 1 teacher expressing your opinion (150-200 words). Lee eee et sete DO Ce eee eat pty eed 1) oe eua er ek cee eee Bes 14) Beer ci tn Cory Reasons/Examples [2] They may have come from illegal sources and possibly carry disease, B] In the wild, many species are in danger of going extinct LC) They need special food and a place to live that is. similar to the|r natural habitat. [d] They haven't learned the skills they need to survive in the wild + Write your essay. Use ideas from Ex. 8. Use different techniques to start/end your essay. Follow the plan. Para 1: state the topic & your opinion Paras 283: frstsecond viewpoint (in favour) & reasons/examples Parad: opposing viewpoint & reason/example Paras: restate opinionReading Task Read the article. Fill in the gaps (1-5) with the sentences (A-F). There is one extra sentence. set sie Seger ame st Ba VR Pure natural honey has some amazing health benefits. The antioxidants it contains have been linked to reduced risk of heart attacks and strokes, and they also help to lower blood pressure and cholesterol. [1] Although i's high in sugar, honey is better for our bodies than the refined sugar which we buy in bags at the supermarket. So where can you get your hands on some ofthis liguid gold? It may surprise you to learn that East Kazakhstan is fast becoming a major player in the honey industry. The traction of beekeeping in the region actually goes back more than 200 years, and today there are over 150,000 hives in the area producing 230 tonnes of honey! [2] _] “My grandfather started the business, and he taught beekeeping to my father, and he passed his knowledge on to me,” says Erk. “We've had around 50 hives for decades, but a few years ago | doubled this number to 100. [3 | _] And the good news is, demand is still growing.” wy: a> ™mo Re ccm oN AAG SENS Ekin’ experience is not unique. There is large foreign market for Kazakhstan-produced honey, with businesses exporting to countries both to the east and west. [4 |_| “The average person living in Kazakhstan consumes 50 @ of honey every year, compared to 36 kg of sugar,” Ekin tell me. "Wuld’tit be great to ssitch those numbers around? It would be better for everyone's health, and better for the environment.” These aren't just words ~ Erkin is right about the impact of beekeeping on the environment. [5] | This in tum has economic benefits: it increases the amount of cash crops such as sunflowers, flax and buckwieat in Kazakhstan. So a boost to the beekeeping industy would lead to an improvement in ‘agricultural production and contribute to Kazakhstan's ‘economy as @ whole. It made sense at the time because my product was in demand. AAs bees pollinate plants, it stands to reason that the r fee a ‘more pollination takes place. loney is also a gre rey " Dee Bice a emedy and when applied to the skin, it can I's the cost that is the biggest factor inthe industry. Most of these belong to small family-run businesses, lke that of El However, there is also a domestic market for this product. more bees are present in in Aliyev, 1516 Vocabulary 41 * Match the part of the brain to its 1 description. 2 1] | pituitary gland [51] brainstem } 21] amygdala (6) ] cerebrum 3 3]_] cerebellum 7 hippocampus 4] | hypothalamus 4 ‘A. connects the brain and spinal cord B. primarily responsible for emotions C largest part of the brain D secretes hormones E concerned with memory F regulates body temperature and blood pressure | 4. controls movement and balance 2 ®>% Fill in: auditory, motor, sensory, olfactory, visual, association. b)_ % Now use some of these phrases to complete the sentences. Alzheimer’s is a affects millions of lives. “fone COuld enable our brains to communicate digitally with the world around us. It's now possible to grow a replica of a human brain using . os This app uses : technology to translate what | say into other languages Welre developing brain-controlled unum for people who have lost their legs. that Grammar > Join the sentences using the words in brackets. Her presentation was well-received. There were technical difficulties. (in spite of) We |have tried many combinations. We can’t repl|cate the experiment. (no matter) 3 These neurone receptors respond to touch, These ones respond to heat. (whereas) The brain has different areas. The 4 His paper was rejected. The content was 1) svn afeas receive information fascinating. (despite) about our five senses and include the 5 Your idea sounds wonderful. I'd like to see a 2) (relating to hearing}, demonstration before | invest. (although) a) cans - (telating to sight) and 4)... (elating to smelly Listening COMtERES. The 8) .eesereeereernnne BS | I ari eeponsiiie’ of GRIGHNE) \Tha 5% (You will hear two students talking a nn ‘fea coofdinata Listen and complete the sentences. responses from different areas of the brain. The students havejust been to HI] They both agre that neural dust sounds Tike an idea fram a ~ 2 ‘Aneural dust devices smaller than [3] __] 3 a) * Match the words to make phrases. Ben thinks npural dust could be used instead of Gr. fe Annies Katie believés the use of neural dustin hospitals wouldnt be (T_T Jats. 2] | infrared B disorder Katies concerned about the idea of technology controling our 31] computer © limbs T_] i neural D interface ‘Neural dust could improve the lives of those suffering from 5]_] nerve E recognition respiratoryand [Z| ) . [61] stem E dust Katie describes electroceuticals as electronic [8] _] 71 lepretheti 6 swieh We don't] have enough information about the (8) brain H cells vd Ben believes the technology will bea success after more testing and [10]Vocabulary 4 @)_* Match the words to make phrases. RL inhibitory A characteristics neighbouring —-B_genes | cognitive C cells 1 electrical D_ neurones | densely E | genetic F | active G b) ¥% Use the phrases above to complete the sentences. 1 Our .... wwe are inherited from our parents and encoded in our DNA. 2 We observed that the nerve fibres were and very close together. 3 This memory exercise is designed to test your 4 At least a third of our 20,000 genes are and most are in the brain. make other neurones less likely to fire. 6 This machine will monitor the of your brain during the experiment. 7 The hormone produced by one cell affected the around it too. 2. ** Complete the email. Use: regulate, network, comprised, documentation, dysfunction, underlying. Dear colleagues, have received your research proposal and, after reading the Curent 1) vencsnrnesnne OM fOSehip neurones, T agree with your line of inquiry. It seems probable that 2a . in rosehip neurones could cause mental illness and it would be a good idea to further investigate this. So far, this type of neurone has 3) .. only a small percentage of our university’s research (see Robbins and Howe's 2019 paper To what extent do rosehip neurones 4) vw the speed of signals in the brain?) 1 think it would be beneficial to find out more about the 5) . causes of mental illness, and so I am granting you funding for your research. I would appreciate regular updates, especially on yout investigation of the 6) of nerve fibres around the cell’ centre, Yours, B.A. Homer, PhO Word Formation & Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in capitals. ‘We are pleased to announce our . with a group of scientists at Harvard University. COLLABORATE His svn Fesearch proved very Useful tothe rest ofthe group, DEPENDENT We hope this study will. new information about the brain. COVER ur research provides many clues as to how this rare develops. ILL Now we have the results of the study, it's time to . our original hypothesis. VISIT Grammar ok % Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. ¥'m sure he’s finished analysing the results by now. (BOUND) He I know Dr Binns wasn’t at the meeting. He's away at a conference, (HAVE) Dr inns I'm certain she was thrilled to receive the funding, (MUST) She .. | thought they would be here by now. (SUPPOSED) They ''m relieved your work wasn't stolen during the burglary, (COULD) Your work I'm certain Jon was eager to help you with your project on neurones. (WILLING) Jon senees 718 Vocabulary 1 ** Complete the newspaper article. Use: boost, identify, absorb, pay, enhance. — SCIENTISTS 1) PERFECT RECIPE TO 2) YOUR MEMORY! new study by scientists at Herbal Tech Ane that a combination of two natural ingredients can improve your mind! Ginkgo biloba, extracted from the leaves of an ancient species of ~—tree, can 3) ee concentration and enable you to 4) attention like never before. In addition, ginseng root can help YOU 5) «se information and recall it more easily. Together, they could create a recipe for success for students everywhere! et, capabilities, radicals, beneficial, fundamental, decline, flow, function, visualisation, acids. 1 It's a fact that exercise increases blood to the brain. 2. We'e trying to find a way to halt age-related mental. 3. Adequate sleep is a(n) se healthy lifestyle. 4 Certain foods can improve brain if eaten over time. 5 Omega-3 fatty... are found in oily fish such as salmon and sardines. 6 Antioxidants can protect our brains from damage caused by free 7 Turmeric is a(n) already healthy diet 8 You can train your brain to remember better with a skill called mnemonics. 9 He practises oan techniques by imagining the things he wants to remember on a deserted island 10. Running will improve your physical and tone your muscles part of a addition to an 3 Prepositions/Phrasal verbs * Choose the correct item. Dr Boston volunteered to carry out/up the research Poor concentration is often associated with/to lack of sleep ‘Mak can draw a map of the city’s metro system in/from memory. Our bodies are affected by our lifestyle, and the sanfe is true offwith our brains. You aren't allowed to use calculators; you must Solve all the maths problems in/by your heads. Word Formation %% Complete the sentences with a word formed from the word in capitals. Psychologists believe some memories exist in our. .. minds and we don’t even realise we have them. CONSCIOUS While computers can human brains when processing large amounts of data, ‘the human mind is more complex. PERFORM After an injury, the brain tries to . connections between neurones, BUILD A sons CM help you decide which foods are most beneficial for you. DIET There is evidence that cinnamon can help to ». your brain. TOXIFY The question of how much our brains are capable of is stil... ANSWERED Speaking ‘© Choose the correct response. To my mind, a good diet is always necessary to stay healthy. A Yau may have a point. B Would you agree? Frankly, | disagree because of Cairn’s study on neurones. A You're right. B I take your point, but I don’t think it’s valid Don't you agree that these look like inhibitory neurones? A My thoughts exactly. B | see what you mean.Writing (an instructional text) % Read the instructional text and answer the questions. How to pair your Smartphone with your Gar’s sound system Pairing your smartphone with your car's sound system enables you to tsten to the music you have stored on your phone through your car's speakers. You can also stream internet radio wirelessly and make and answer calls hands-free. ‘© First, turn on your car's Bluetooth system and answer the questions + Next, take your phone and select ‘Settings’ on your home screen. Then select ‘Wireless & Networks’ then ‘Bluetooth ‘+ Now, find your car in the list of Bluetooth devices and enter your PIN. ‘© Finally, make sure you tick the boxes ‘Connected to phone auclo’ and ‘Connected to media audio’ You're all set up. Just remember to select Bluetooth as the input for your car stereo. 1. What tense has mainly been used in the text? 2 Which of the following does the writer use: athe imperative b long, complex sentences ¢ direct language d. the passive 3 Can you find examples of sequence words in the text? 2% Read the text again and put the instructions in the correct order. [AL] Enter your PIN number. [B[_} Select Bluetooth as the input for your car stereo Turn on your car's Bluetooth system and answer the questions Tick the boxes ‘Connected to phone audio’ and ‘Connected to media audio [ET] Tap on ‘Wireless & Networks’ then ___ ‘Bluetooth’ TFT) Select ‘settings’ on your phone's home screen. (GT) Locate your car in the list of Bluetooth devices 3. * Read the dialogue and fill in: open, remove, tap, select, choose. Mum: Can you help me, Laura? Laura: Of course, Mum. What do you need? Mum: Can you show me how to use that app you installed on my phone? Laura: The podcast one? Sure. It’s easy. First, you 1) ‘on the icon to 2 the app. Mum: OK, Got it. Then what? Laura: Then you 3) the icon that looks like a magnifying glass. That's ‘Search’. Just type in a subject you're interested in and 4) vocsnueu the podcast you want from the list Mum: What's next? Laura: You tap this icon to download the podcast, and if you want to 5) it after you've listened to it, you just drag it to the bin here to delete it Mum: Great, thanks! 1920 4 * Choose the correct item. 1. This app isn’t necessary. Whereas/Nonetheless, | recommend installing it, 2 You don’t need to worry about viruses Providing/supposing that you keep your antivirus software updated. 3 Although/However he bought the phone months ago, he still doesn’t understand most ofits features. 4 Ill lend you my recording equipment on condition/in case that you look after it propery. 5. In spite/Despite taking a computer course, she still struggled with basic programmes 6 Unless/As long as you post good content, you won't get many followers on social media 7 I couldn’t get a new games console only/even if had the money: my parents won't allow it 8 He told me | could have his old smartphone. He never gave it to me, though/otherwise 5% % Rewrite the paragraph as instructions. How to pair your phone with your smarthome system The first step you should take is to select ‘Settings’ when you enter your smarthome system. From this screen, ‘Bluetooth’ can be selected and then you can easily tap on the option called ‘Pair a new device’, After that, i's Necessary to fetch your phone and open the ‘Settings’ menu on that screen as well. Proceed by tapping on ‘Bluetooth’ and then searching for your smarthame system in the list. Once you have tapped on it, wait for a shor while until your smarthome system tells you that it is connected to your phone. First, select ‘Settings’ in your smarthome system. G _* Read the rubric and answer the questions. ' You have been asked to write a post for a 1 technology blog about how to pair a phone with | 2 laptop. Write an instructional text explaining 1 how to do it (120-180 words). 1. Who is going to read your text? 2 What style are you going to write it in? 3 What stylistic features should you use? 7 *% Now use the prompts below to write your instructions. Make sure you include: *atitle * an introduction *aconclusion * appropriate linkers * tapr'Settings’ icon/phone's home screen/turn on Bluetooth * turn on/laptop/click on the ‘Start’ button * click on/'Devices and Printers'/select ‘Add a device! + choose/your phone/the listReading Task Read the text. For each question (1-5), choose the correct answer (A, B, Cor D). | Debunking Myths about the Brain It's true thatthe brain is a complex and mysterious organ that we don't yet fully Understand, That may be the reason for the persistence of a number of myths about the brain and how it works. You may be familiar with the folowing popular notions, but you may be surprised to know that they are all myths that have been debunked by science, Myth 1: We only use 10% of our brains. This is, without a doubt, one of the most widely-believed myths about the brain, Its appeal lies in the implication that we could harness a wealth of untapped mental resources to accomplish incredible, often superhuman, feats. Regrettably, this simply isn't true. According to research, all brain regions are active regardless of whether you're doing a complex task, like driving, or a more commonplace one, like listening to music or even sleeping. Myth (ou're either left-brained or right-brained. You may have heard that creative or artistic people primarily use the right hemisphere of their brains, while analytical or mathematical types mainly use the left. In reality, studies have shown that both hemispheres are active during creative and mathematical tasks alike and that strong communication between the two hemispheres is Key to accomplishing these tasks well. So, while we each have our own special set of talents or abilities, there's really no such thing as a right-brained or left-brained person. Myth 3: Brain size reflects intelligence. ‘As compeling as it is to believe that bigger is better when it comes to brain size, research suggests that this is not the case. No one would deny the fact that humans are capable of a far greater range of cognitive functions than other species. However, at just 1.4 kg and 2% of our body weight, the human | brain is neither the largest, nor the largest relative to body size in the animal | kingdom. The sperm whale brain, for example, weighs five times that of a | human brain, while the human brain-to-body ratio resembles that of mice Additionally, posthumous examination of Albert Einstein's brain showed that it was not larger than an average human brain. What's more important for intelligence is how the brain is connected, since individuals with highly integrated and efficient neural networks tend to have higher !Qs, ON ee In the first paragraph, the author claims that A we will never fully understand the human brain, B people no longer believe brain myths thanks to science. © our lack of knowledge about the brain perpetrates myths, myths about the brain are becoming more popuiar People want to believe the first myth because it means humans ‘A have the potential to be and do much more, B need no more brain power to do dificult tasks than simple ones, © could possibly utilise 10% more of their brains. D can perform multiple tasks at the same time, People who are proficient in ‘mathematical subjects A are usually creative or artistic B only use the left hemisphere of their brain, G have better links between the hemispheres than artistic people. D_ use both brain hemispheres. In the last paragraph, what does the author say is true about humans? A. They have larger brains than any other mammal B They are more intelligent than the rest of the animal kingdom, © They have a greater brain-to-body ratio than other species. D They have lighter brains than Would be expected The author mentions Albert Einstein to show that intelligence is A determined by the brain's weight. B_ not linked to brain size impossible to quantity unlikely to be linked to the neural network 21Vocabulary 1% Label the pictures. Use: hourglass, sundial, water clock, obelisk. 22 2 -*&>% Fill in: carved, divided, cast, overcame, excavated, lit, accomplished, burned. 1. The Egyptians used the shadow ” by great obelisks to tell which part of the day it was. 2 We..... the power cut weren't working. 3 Ancient societies .... - many amazing things, such as mapping the stars and constructing great buildings. 4 Did you know that the ancient Egyptians sononesnnnne the day into twelve parts? 5 When trying to build a pyramid as the Enyptians did, the scientists faced some problems at first, but they them. 6 During the Middle Ages, people put markings ‘on candles and .. “oe. them to measure periods of time, 7 In Ancient Egypt, merkhets were usually -snnrne fFOM bone OF WOOd. 8 The archaeologists have temple so far, and they are still .» Candles with matches during because the electric lights half the 'gging Prepo: ions 3. * Choose the correct item. Merkhet, Egypt, c. 600 BCE Tit finan ei hs been infon dla at the ™useym since 2016, but ithas been 2) for/in existence for over two millennia, The Egyptians used this device during the night, whn they relied 3) on/in the stars to keep track 4) with/of time, Several merkhets have been discovered at archaeological sites, and we know how the Egyptians used them becayse te processis depicted §) in/on ancient artwork The device consists 6) with/of a wooden L:shape with a plumb line attached 7) on/to it. This was held 8) in/at arms length and aligned 9) with/on the Pole Star. This merkhet ‘would havg been used in conjunction 10) with/from another one to establish a north-south lin over which the movement of ‘the stars cobld be measured throughout the night Word Formation 4 = Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in capitals. 1. Some people believe their luck changes with the of the planets. MOVE 2 We must os the measurements are accurate, SURE 3. The main of the sundial is its inability to function without sunlight. ADVANTAGE 4 Atomic clocks were a great... on the ‘old mechanical clocks. IMPROVE Grammar 5% Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Present/past perfect tense. 1 I'm afraid the exhibit sone (remove) for cleaning, so you can’t see it today. 21 -vonnnnin (not/hear) of a merkhet before | visited the museum. 3 How Jong “ book labout ancient Egypt? 4 He was tired yesterday evening because he see (dig) at the archaeological site (Luke/read) that all day. Boe vows (you/finish) your research yet? 6 The stars : (use) by sailors to navigate the seas for centuries by the time the compass was inventedVocabulary 41 Match the time units (1-10) to what people say. iT] bicentennial [6] era 27} lunar month [71] leap year 3 fortnight [81_] leap second 41] epoch [91] decennial 51) biennial 10} eon ‘A. ‘We're going on holiday for two weeks.” B "There are 366 days in this year.” ‘They make the journey once every ten years.’ D ‘It takes about 28 days for the moon to pass ‘through all its phases.” E ‘The Precambrian lasted about 4 billion years.” F ‘The Cenozoic began about 65 million years ago.” G ‘The festival takes place every other year. H ‘They add a tiny amount of time to our clocks to stay close to solar time.’ 1 "You won't see the planets like this in the sky for another 200 years.” J. ‘The Holocene began about 12,000 years ago.’ 2 * Choose the correct item. 1 Inzhu had to stay in bed for a month after her operation, so she took up knitting to spend/ pass the time 2 | can't believe | scored! | missed the goal twice, but it’s true: third time’s a charm/wish! 3. The bus leaves from the city centre in half an hour - there's no time to miss/lose! 4 He wastes/loses so much time playing computer games online. 5 You need to fix the roof. It’s only a matter/fact of time before it starts leaking. 6 We'll have to run if we want to race/beat the clock and arrive before the film starts Reena” | 3 * x Fill in: derived, adopted, evolved, waxing, woning, visible. The Romans formally... the seven- day week in 321 CE, but it was used throughout the empire before that date. The moon tonight is a(n) . in a week there will be a full moon. Only five of the planets in our solar system are ees ..to the naked eye Most of the names of the months are svounssunesoes ftom Roman deities, emperors or Latin numbers. The moon is full, but today it looks smaller. Over time, the Anglo-Saxon word Ménandaeg -.. into our modern word Monday. half ~ yesterday it was Listening 2 2 You will hear people talking in three different situations. For questions (1-3), choose the best answer (A, B or C). You hear part of lecture. What do the students have to do for homework? ‘A witite an essay about an ancient civilisation B write a summary of the lecture C read about timekeeping in Mesopotamia You overhear a conversation between two students. When are they going to meet? A 6:00 B 6:30 © 7:00 You hear part of a documentary about the Babylonian calendar. What does the speaker say about the Babylonian system for measuring time? A It varied depending on location B It was very advanced. C It didn’t take account of the phases of the moon, 2324 Vocabulary 41 * Fill in the correct word. 1 facilitate/stimulate a The teacher showed us a video 10 sssonnees understanding, b The video helped to... the students’ interest 2 distractiemerge a I can't concentrate when PFFECES oo ecnennns fom the left and right of the screen, b Be aware that too many special effects will your audience from what you're saying. 3. complement/represent a. Your slides aren’t the main focus of your presentation - they are only there to sven What YOU Say. b You should use a graph to nnn. the data instead of giving a list of numbers. 4 reinforce/insert a always repeat the main points in my conclusion to srnmsennee them, b Do you think | should - some images into my slides? 5 incorporate/generate a It’s not considered professional to animations into your slides these days, b This template will help you sesenten owe @ professional effect 6 decipher/convey a Tryto... your ideas in clear and simple language. b Her handwriting is difficult to sara because it's so messy. 2 *>% Fill in: contrasting, dynamic, well-executed, embellishments, bulleted, script-based. Perfect Presentations: Handouts There’s no point in giving a 1) cocoee Presentation if your ‘audience can't remember the content afterwards. Handouts solve that problem! They're essentially the basics of your presentation in note form, and te same rules apply as when you create sides for your presentations, 9 AVOId 2) non fOM: they OOK prety but are dificult 10 read, Use simple fonts without 3) a USE 4) snmnisnnminfinn CO1OUTS and Keep Your colour scheme to a ‘minimum. Two or thrpe efferent colours should be sufficient. + Use) + ne of text instead of long sentences, | Remember: Don't give handouts to your audience until the end of your presentation. Even the MOSt 8)... enn» SpeaKEr Wil find his oF her audience gets distracted by handouts Grammar 3 %* Choose the correct item. 1 It’s/There's a man on the phone for you. 2 You/They need an invitation to attend the presentation. Is this clear to everyone? 3 You should leave now if you want to be there by noon. It’s/There’s two kilometres to the exhibition centre. 4 One/They can help you find the best presentation equipment in this shop, 4 ** Rewrite the sentences as cleft sentences. 1. They built a large lock face in the city centre The place where i 2. We really need a digital clock What ere 3 We need to buy Assel a new watch, The first thing .. secsssnnutntnnntenenananenee 4 James called Ben to ask him to redesign the slides The reason why Speaking 5 * Choose the correct response 11 What do you think J should do? A If | were in your shoes, | would do it. B I'm not sure that's such a good idea. 2. Could you help me put here? A I suppose you're right. B Sure. Why don’t we create some slides? 3. Have you thought about making a video? A Do you really think that would work? B in my opinion, you'd better.Writing (a for-and-against essay) 4 Read the rubric and answer the questions. 1 You have had a class discussion about time management. Now 1 ' your teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the ! 1 advantages and disadvantages of time management. Write | your essay, justifying your arguments (140-190 words). 1 1. What type of essay is it? What style should it be written in? 2. How many paragraphs should the essay contain? 3. Should the advantages and disadvantages of the topic be discussed in the same paragraph? 4 In which paragraph should the writer's opinion appear? 2. * Read the model and put the paragraphs A-D in the correct order. [AT_J on the other hand, time management has its drawbacks. To begin with, no matter how meticulously you plan your day, life is sometimes unpredictable. Consequently, a person who relies too heavily on their schedule could be thrown off balance if something unexpected, like a traffic jam, disrupts their plans. in addition, although the practice of time management is supposed to reduce stress, it can have the opposite effect. For instance, good time management leads to increased productivity, but this can lead to a person taking on more tasks and responsibility, and this in turn creates greater levels of stress and fatigue [B]_| The American motivational speaker Zig Ziglar sald, “Lack of direction, not lack of time, is the problem. We all have twenty-four hour days.” Time management is a trending topic these days, but how beneficial is it really? C]_}To sum up, although there are disadvantages to time ‘management, | believe the advantages outweigh them. As long as 2 person retains some flexibility and creates time for relaxation, time management is sure to be beneficial. D|_|There are a number of benefits to time management. Firstly, good time management makes people more productive This is due to the fact that it decreases procrastination: people ‘who manage their time know which tasks they have to do and how long they have to accomplish them, so they better utilise the time they have. Furthermore, having good time management skills improves your reputation. This is because you become known as ‘an organised and reliable person, and these are desirable qualities, to possess. / 4% What techniques has the writer used to start/end the essay in Ex. 27 Rewrite these paragraphs using other techniques. oe Underline the topic sentences in the model in Ex. 2. Replace them with alternative topic sentences. & Read the model and fill in the table. [rr asons/ rent. Tevariples nent Example 4% Replace the words in bold in the model with words from the list. This means that * However *To conclude * Moreover *To start with » Asa result * First of all * What is more * This is because of the fact that 2526 7 a) ¥ Choose the correct item. 1 It would be confusing for the sun to be shining at midnight. Firstly/Therefore, we need time ones to ensure local time matches the local conditions. 2 Scrapping time zones would be good for trade This way,/This is because all the markets would be open at the same time. 3 In contrast/Above all, there are a number of arguments against scrapping time zones. 4 For instance/All things considered, | believe having time zones is beneficial, 5 This is due to/Without a doubt, scrapping time zones would be advantageous for frequent travellers. 'b) Which sentence (1-5) is a topic sentence? & _* Match the arguments for and against Using a standardised 13-month calendar to their justifications. EYED CURL [41] make the fiscal year simpler 21] affect some celebrationsireligious observances [31] not necessary to redesign the calendar __ every year | time-consuming and costly to implement ‘A] scheduling easier for companies with extended production cycles; school years and holidays predictable all dates of birth have to be recalculated ‘and changed on paperwork and in government systems C} wages and taxes easier to calculate as all months same length [D] Independence Day in the USA, known as 4th July, would no longer be on ath July _— Q > Read the rubric and answer the questions. You Have had a class discussion about using a! 1 standardised 13-month calendar. Now your } {teacher has asked you to write an essay ! 1 discussing the advantages and disadvantages of | ! implementing this calendar. Write your essay, * { justifying your arguments (140-190 words). 1. What are you going to write? Who for? 2. What should you include? 3. What style should you write in? 4 How many words should you use? 10 * * Write your essay. Use ideas from Ex. 8. Use different techniques to start/end your essay. Follow the plan. Introduction Para 1: state the topic Main Body Para 2:, arguments for & justifications/examples Para 3:| arguments against & justifications/examples Conclusion 7 a “ ax 3 Wie ~ 2 a ame a, aeReading Task Read the text and choose from the sentences (A-F) the one which best fits each gap (1-5) There is one extra sentence. Location is key Cee ecu a nee egy eco Se See ons the stars, with or without a telescope. Utilise technology ee 2) eee SC AUR ee ROR CRC asl an) og Ce uae CMR Identify the constellation The Big Dipper is a group of seven stars that resembles a Cee cen) ee een PCa Tea Sac cae ca ‘of the Big Dipper's ‘bow’, called pointers, point straight towards the North Star. [EMI] This constant change in bd the orientation of the Big Dipper relative to the North Star is key to being able to determine the time. ee ce ERM ee a ee ee hour clock surrounding them, with the North Star at ts ca Ifthe pointer stars appear directly above eS eee aes directly to the left of the North Star, record the time as 6 eect ened ea ee A little arithmetic ae ee ERIE Use the following equation: Time = Star Clock Big Dipper and the North Star, or Polaris, nt) CR a ene See Coc ‘As the Earth turns on its axis, the pointer stars appear to rotate around the North Star For any other time of year except March, further calculation is required. Your smartphone or a compass will make short work of this tas Depending on the date, you may need to plug it into an equation later. Next, draw an imaginary hour hand connecting the North Star to the Big Dipper's pointer stars, The excessive artifical light of urban areas brightens the night sky.28 2 ** Complete the emai Vocabulary Choose the correct item. 1 Ifyou want to grow plants in water without soil, you should look into aeroponics/hydroponics. 2 Entrepreneurship/Business is difficult. and stressful, but it is rewarding, 3 He started with one car, and now he owns a fleet/jumble of taxis. 4 Our car is having a conversion/conditioning from a petrol engine to an electric one. 5 We've got a business idea, and we're currently seeking financial capital/investment from a local company. 6 She's a generous scholar/philanthropist and gives money to help lots of worthy causes. 7 Gulnara is writing her scheme/dissertation at ‘the moment, so she spends a lot of time in front of her computer. 8 Ben is a(n) profit/inspiration to us all Use: aspiring, stuck, ludicrous, brick-and-mortar, bigger, joint. Phrasal verbs 3 * Choose the correct item. 1 I'd like to sign over/up to the Young Entrepreneur Scheme, please. 2 We started out selling herbal tea blends, but now we're thinking of branching up/out into cosmetics. 3 Let's sit down and put acrossitogether a business plan, 4 Many successful entrepreneurs did not grow out/up in wealthy families. 5 I've thought a lot about your idea, but I'm afraid it's not going to work: something doesn’t add up/on. 6 How did you come out/up with the idea for your business? Grammar 4X Match the phrases to form sentences. 11") Berik asked [2] ]) Aizhan knew [3] ]) Do you regret [41 }) The IT company offered From: coling9@maicom To: [email protected] ‘Subject: Store opening 5|__}| Your idea sounds [61] Our profits have increased 71 Does Ulan want Hi Dag, How are you? I'm writing to invite you tothe opening of my new 1) - store in Brighton it's a(n) 2. venture with my tiend Julia. She's been really supportive of me over the years, right from when | was a(n) 3) sn eMtepreneu in ‘secondary school and I ad my fist 4) idea for a business! But Julia has always been able to or picture. Whenever I'm in a rut, | go to her for advice, Now, my online business into a high street shop together! | hope you can come to the opening. i's on Saturday 16th May from 10 am unt 4 pm. Let me know, Colin 8] }) Nurlan stopped a to look for another job? her professor for a reference ¢ profitable. telling her about your business plan? to buy some herbs on his way back home. f Tom the job. 9. massively lately hy that | was going to apply for the job.Vocabulary 4 ** Complete the text. Use: achieve, demonstrate, paint, study, seek, design, draw, define, invent, embody. The da Vinci Summer School at Bronfield Academy Here at Bronfeld Academy we believe the young people of today 1) the future of tomorrow. This innovative programme, created for young adults 15 to 19 years of age, runs for three weeks from 10th August. It ‘teaches participants how to refine their skills, build relationships and 2). excellence, Based on Leonardo da Vinci's life and work, the Programme has five main section. Participants wil: plants and anatomy. a sustainable city. a robot, maps. +7). original works of ar. They will also take part in sports and team-building activities. Interested teens should download and complete an application form from our website, Applicants must also submit letter with their application form showing that they 8)... . OU core values: curiosity, enthusiasm and hard work. They should also 9) that they ‘are eager to leam and give examples of how they 10) .. Knowledge in their daily Ines. 2 ® Choose the correct item. 1. Candidates will be assessed on their intellectual/ accurate abilities rather than their work experience. 2 This book contains amazingly detailed/concise illustrations that show every feature of the plant 3. Renaissance philosophy/industry was concerned with science and the natural world 4 Some people believe that the human race has limitless/definitive capabilities and we can achieve anything. 5 Although she hasn’t had much formal training, the artist has astounding perfect/natural talent, 6 | was impressed by his mastery/concept of the Kazakh language, after having only lived there for a year. Prepositions 3 * Choose the correct item. 1. The word ‘entrepreneur’ is derived to/from the old French word entreprendre meaning ‘to undertake’. 2 The new rule applies to/for all employees. 3 Peter Drucker is sometimes referred for/to as ‘the father of business’ 4 Leonardo da Vinci was apprenticed to/with an artist. 5. Hippocrates is often regarded for/by historians as the greatest physician of his time. 6 I think all the students in this room are capable offto great things. Grammar 4 a) © % Read the text and underline four pre-modifiers and two post-modifying noun structures. Match them to the definitions (1-6). Bartlett Herbals We are looking for an enthusiastic ‘student to join us at our Bath store. Located in Queen's Parade Place, our“ <= lovely red brick shop takes customers back in time. Our shelves are filled with jars which contain all manner of dried herbs. We also have a café with our own tea blends. Our ideal candidate will have completed a two-year course in herbalism, or be willing to take part in a training programme at their own expense. To apply, please drop into our store and ask to speak to Jenny. 2 post-modifying prepositional phrase a pre-modifying noun ending in -ing a pre-modifying measurement a post-modifying relative clause 2 pre-modifying noun followed by another noun (two nouns together) 6 a pre-modifying noun which shows what something is made of b) > % Write your own sentences using the structures listed in Ex. 4a. 29oe 30 Vocabulary 41 * Complete the sentences, Use: donate, cure, sanitise, cross, decode, chil. 1 I don’t think it will ...... his mind to test for such a rare disease. 2 You should blood samples at 4°C to preserve them for up to seven days 3. The research team hope to be able to the disease in the next 10 years. 4 Our professor showed us how to 5 DNA and understand what its structure means. 5 It's important to your hands outside the lab to ensure no bacteria enters the work area 6 Versus Blood to the local hospital twice a year to help people who need it. 2 ** Complete the sentences. Use: overwhelming, global, portable, promising, stunned, wasteful, 1 Dilnaz looked en when she was awarded first prize; it was clearly a huge surprise. 2 The amount of information can BE sen... at first, so don’t be afraid to ask for help. 3 I think Adiya has a career in medicine ahead of her. 4 All the equipment is. so we can take it anywhere. BIS cane after just one use. 6 The changing climate is a... that affects every country in the world, to throw plastic bags away problem Word formation 3 ** Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in capitals. 1. We cool our bodies wuss sweating. BIOLOGY 2 The new lab equipment will... us to run additional tests. ABLE 3. The fridge works as a result of the of water in the hot sun, EVAPORATE 4 | think we should people to develop their ideas. COURAGE 5 It’s not easy to cope with .. - but you have to remember that not everybody will understand the value of your work. REJECT through young Grammar 4 * Match the columns to form sentences, 1 Berik is [41] Itis wrong determined [51] | feel rather |) We are all curious proud SS Assel was worried [6] ] Iwas pleased A that the test results wouldn’t be accurate. B_to'see your name on the list of speakers at the conference, € to find out what our experiment will show. D_ to quote someone else's work without giving them credit E to start his own business despite difficulties. F that | passed the exam first time. | Listening 5% “Listen to two students talking about entrepreneur Keiana Cavé and complete sentences 1-10, Kelana Cave saw the news report that changed her life when she was [1] years old. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred in the art The extent of the damage covered over (3. of the American coast. The news report claimed baby dolphin deaths were [4] their usual rate. Keiana’s research showed UV light shining on oil produced a [ST ). Keiana thinks the problem can be solved by breaking up the 6] —_] in the oil. At the mdment, Keiana is studying (7[—] at university. She is inspired by a quotation from Jason Silva about ‘the meaning of the word KyWriting (an opinion letter) 41 ® Read the rubric and answer the questions. You read this extract from an article in a science magazine, While specialising in a science career may sound ‘appealing, it is probably not a wise course of |! action. The need for your very particular skils |, might one day disappear, leaving you without |1 employment. In addition, by specialising, you run | | the risk of acquiring only a limited skillset that |, 1 1 1 1 1 cannot be applied to other jobs. You disagree with the negative opinions expressed by the journalist, and decide to write a letter to the editor, explaining your views on the points raised in the article and giving reasons for your opinions. Write your letter (150-200 words). 1 Who are you writing to? 2 Why are you writing to them? 3° What style will you write in? 4, How many paragraphs will you include in your letter? + Read the model and put the paragraphs (A-E) in the correct order. Dear Sir/Madam, ‘AT jLastly, specialising in an area which you are passionate about increases job satisfaction. For instance, a person working in a specific niche where they have a wealth of knowiedge feels they have value to offer. Therefore, they will be more motivated and content in their work [B] | Firstly, having a defined skiliset is of great benefit to the employee's career. When 2 person focuses on one specific area, they become an expert at what they do. Consequently, they can apply for higher-paid and more interesting work. [C1_]! am writing in response to the article about job specialisation in the May Issue of your magazine. In my opinion, the views expressed were very one-sided and 1 \would ike to express my own thoughts [DT in conctusion, | believe job specialisation is beneficial both to the employee and the employer. Thank you for considering my views. look forward to hearing your opinion. LE|_|seconaiy, the employer also benefits from hiring workers with specialisations. They know they can rely on ‘these employees to have an in-dapth knowledge of their area of expertise, and perform their job to the highest standard. ‘This means that productivity and quality both increase Yours faithfully, «Jason Bingham co o& Read the model again and fill in the table. 7 Reason/Example | Viewpoint 1” ‘Viewpoint 2 Viewpoint 3 % Match the informal sentences (1-3) to their formal equivalents (A-C). 44 T[_] Iwantto say A In conclusion, the that was a benefits are clear. great article. BI would like to Z[_] Ithink you're congratulate you wrong about on your interesting what you said. article. [311] To finish my C I strongly disagree letter, the with your point of positive points view. are obvious. b) > Rewrite the following sentences in formal style. 1. The first thing | want to say is that specialisation is good for employees. 2 Because of that, candidates can show they know lots of different things 3. Tell me what you think. 34=a 5% Expand the viewpoints into full sentences. 1 new job/ideal way/expand/skill set 2_ new employees/want/impressinew boss and colleagues 3. changing jobs/lessen/time/require/career development 4 people/frequently change jobs/not/become/ complacentiin work Your turn 6 | * Read the rubric and underline the key words. Then answer the questions. ‘ou read this extract from an article in a science magazine. While job hopping is becoming increasingly ‘common with the younger generation, it has a negative impact on how potential employers view your CV. Candidates with a variety of different Jobs in a short space of time come across as unreliable and likely to leave at o moment's notice. ees enn You disagree with the negative opinions expressed by the journalist, and decide to write a letter to the editor, explaining your views on the { Points raised in the article and giving reasons for 1 Your opinions. Write your letter (150-200 words). 1. Who are you writing to and why? 2. What should you include? A advanced vocabulary B colloquial English C passive voice D formal linking words 3. What greeting should you use? 4 How should you sign off? 32 7 _* Match the viewpoints (1-4) to the examples/reasons/results (A-D), MSs) EM You can learn a variety of new skills EAN Your salary will increase more quickly. 3] Ciena artes 14] Boerne ees Reasons/Examples/Re ‘No company is alike, and a person who 1as worked in many different places can {raw on past experience to bring snovative ideas to their current company. it stands to reason that the more places ' person works, the more people they ‘meet. More and more in the current jo b market, networking is becoming integral to career development and Finding new opportunities. Frey job has specific knowledge and [practises attached to it. Consequently, ‘employees broaden their skillset with every new position. [Employers tend to raise the pay of their internal workers slowly, whereas [extemal applicants are offered more appealing pay packages. & _*-X Use your answers in Ex. 7 and the model in Ex. 2 to write your letter to the editor (150-200 words). Follow the Plan. Dear SitfMadam, Para :) reason for writing, state the topic & your opinion Paras 2, 3, 4: viewpoints with examples/teasons/ results Para: summarise points & restate opinion Yours faithfully, (your full name)Reading Task choose from the people A-D. The people may be chosen more than once. You are going to read an article about what makes a great boss. For questions “e What, Makes A Great Boss? We asked some top professionals in the HR field just what exactly makes a boss . SAR ofan | tional. Here's what they had to say. A Norma Schmidt, HR Manager, LSN Hudson It comes down to one simple concept: actions speak louder than words, Being positive and encouraging is al very nie, but great bosses truly inspire through their actions. Many experts Point to honesty as the quality that defines a great leader Genuinely exceptional bosses are open with their staf, and are ‘concerned with establishing a clear understanding across the ‘company, rather than simply holding onto their authority. Unlike typical bosses, they are unafraid to share information with employees, and seek to empower and encourage them at every turn. One of their main goals is to see their employees grow and develop, They don't hesitate to give both positive and negative feedback, and thrive in an environment buitt on cooperation and development. B Carl Moss, CEO, RND Recruitment Employees are not clones and i's important to recognise that fact. Different people have different abilities and working styles, so trying to motivate everybody in the same way is simply misguided, A good boss will get to know their staff as individuals and use that knowledge to instil them with confidence and enthusiasm. Average bosses, on the other hand, often make the mistake of not treating their staff as adults. The do so believing that staff need constant monitoring and supervision, and are of the belief that their role is to set rules and prevent mistakes. In reality, great bosses treat employees a5 equals and trust in their decisions and Capabilities. Like good coaches, great bosses guide those under their command rather than attempting to control them ‘They are concerned with employees’ mistakes and see them as learning opportunities, C Janey Gillis, Career Forward Magazine Nothing is more demotivating than a boss who looks bored or lacks enthusiasm for their jo. Great leaders have a passion that inspires and drives a team to be productive; they celebrate ‘accomplishments wholeheartedly and face challenges head-on. Of course, not all employees will react to this in the same way. Respecting that each employee is different and keeping an ‘open mind can benefit the boss themselves, but more importantly, employees feel valued when acknowledged for their differences. Bosses who attempt to convert employees to their own way of thinking are missing out on all kinds of possibilities because they are afraid of leaving their comfort zones. Top bosses seek out a variety of employees with different skills and mindsets that can give their companies a competitive edge D_ Zak Miller, HR Manager, Swildar Funds ‘Do as you're tol is the motto ofthe unremarkable boss. I is ‘ne wihich achieves minimal results, and often gives rise to negative attudes among their employees. Bosses that instil fear in their employees discourage them from seeking new and innovative solutions. Instead, these employees are only conoemed with keeping their boss happy and not getting fired, and as a result the efficiency of the organisation is severely restricted. Exceptional bosses, however are forward-thinking and progressive, They invite change and experimentation, They lead fearlessly, unafraid of failure because they know that it often leads to growth, They have realised that nat evolving is a death sentence for them and the company. 1. The average boss fears losing their power. 2. Great bosses see their employees as their peers. 3. Truly successful bosses take risks. 4 Good bosses understand the role of constructive criticism, 5 Successful bosses embrace different mentalities. 6 Bosses who dominate their employees negatively affect their performance. 7. Getting to know staff on a one-to-one basis is key to success. 8 Great bosses focus on maximising their employees’ potential. 3334 Vocabulary 4 * Label the pictures with the types of renewable energy. Use: hydro(electric), wind, geothermal, solar, biomass, biofuels. 6 sacses power 2 a) * Match the words to make phrases. (1) carbon A circuit } [21] fossit B storage (3) power C battery [41_] renewable D energy [51] high-capacity fuels 6]_} lithium-ion F emissions | [7] short G plant b) 4 Use some of the phrases above to complete the sentences. 1 They're closing down the old ... because it uses coal to produce electricity, 2 Wave power is a type of... that doesn’t harm the environment. 3 We are slowly stopping our reliance on “ like oil and natural gas. 4A lot of smartphones these days are powered bya tos 5. They introduced a ban on cars in the city centre in an attempt to reduce 3% Complete the email. Use: grid, shortfall, supply, reservoirs, volts, demand, overheating. Dear Ms. Finnley, Firstly, | Youd lke to congratulate you on your ‘green village where all power comes trom renewable sources. This is @ made! tons and cities all over the world should aspire to, However, you are quite comect when you say that 1) will sometimes exceed 2) ; for example, on a stil evening When your solar panels and wind turbines cease to produce electricity. Energy storage is definitely the solution you require, and there is no doubt that battery storage would provide you with enough 3) of electricity to power Your village when a 4) ‘occurs. However, battery technology is stil under development and there have been some issues with 5) | suggest, as your village is located in|a mountainous area, that hydroelectric storage could be the answer. This would require the construction of two 8) wnomnonee» Dut it iS @ very reliable solution which can easily be ¢onnected tothe local 7) Let me know your thoughts, Yours sincerely, Barry Smith Grammar 4 * Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present or past tense, {you/see) the documentary abot biofuels last night? 2 Nurlan (not/buy) any solar panels for his new house yet. 3. Our company (oversee) the construction of a wind farm at the moment. 4 The villagers (use) coal to heat their homes for decades before we convinced them to switch to biomass. 5 Our solar panels... (generate) 2 small amount of electricity every day, even if the Sun isn’t shining 6 I've got a headache because I... soso (work) on a solution to our energy storage problem all day. 7 Inahy _ (not/study) with me at 9 o'clock yesterday evening. 8 We, (already/decide) to btanch out into renewable energy before we read your proposalVocabulary 4X Label the pictures. Use: hydrogen, batteries, compressed air, pumped hydro. tank 4) storage } 2 ** Complete the sentences. Use: commercially, kinetic, large, pressurised, surplus, underground. A: In the daytime, we produce more energy than we use, so we need somewhere to store the .. - energy. 8: Batteries might be a good solution, but they must have a(n)... .. capacity in order to store all the energy. ‘A: Energy has two basic forms: potential when it is stored, or when it is moving, 8: Yes, and we can use both forms to generate electricity ‘A: CAES requires air to be pumped into a(n) .... chamber. B: Yes, and we can generate energy from the .» ai by pushing it through a turbine, el Prepositions/Phrasal verbs 3 * Choose the correct item. Dear Ben, How are you? What have you been up to lately? I've been working 4) for/on an exciting new method 2) of/on storing energy. The concept is similar 3) to/with pumped hydroelectric storage, in that the energy is stored 4) in/as potential energy and released §) at/on times of high demand. The advantage my project has over pumped hydroelectric storage is that there is the possiblity 6) with/for these facilities to be built almost anywhere. As you know, pumped hydro requires a combination 7) for/ot varied topography and large amounts of water, but my project has hardly any geographical limitations. In addition, | think it could store 8) up/over to 20 megawatthours, which is enough to power 2,000 homes for a day. We're doing a public demonstration next week. I can send you the details if you're interested. Write back, Kelly Grammar 4 -** Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense, 1A; Excuse me, Serik. ........ vseseens (yOu/use) the lab equipment for the rest of the day? B: No, I. (finish) testing these samples by midday. 2. A: This time next week, we (gather) evidence for a whole year! B: Yes, but what we've discovered is very compelling. | hope the CEO ..... (not/ask) us to find more. (the solar panels/generate) enough energy by the time the bad weather arrives? Br I'm afraid they .eonrsone i (not/produce) enough by then to power the whole plant through the winter. 4. A: I'm sure Lunara her research paper this month B: I hope so. By the end of next week, she (write) it for half a year! (publish) 3536 1 Vocabulary * Fill in the correct word. Joints/roots a The word ‘psychology’ has... in ancient Greek. b During periods of cold weather, Mabel’s knee .. are very painful. infection/inflammation @ Madi has a chest..... ... which makes. him cough. b What can we do to reduce css OF the tonsils? subjective/objective @ Scientific texts should be factual and b His writing is too ... and opinionated perform/utilise a It's good idea to Statistics in your presentations. b How long will it take t0 snus experiment? the Word Formation 4 Complete the sentences with a word formed from the word in capitals. Vm excited to start my first day as an swum Of one of the biggest technology companies inthe country. EMPLOY . plurals are those which don’t follow the usual rules. REGULAR | think this project will the relationship between our two universities. STRENGTH It’s considered .- to use a lot of adjectives in a factual piece of writing, NECESSARY | feel she was deliberately trying to the audience. LEAD Jon: Sue: Jon: Speaking # Complete the dialogue. Use: while you have a point, owing to the fact, | respect your point, as a matter of fact, the main reason is. | It’s important to teach STEM subjects in school » .» that the STEM sector is grawing. Therefore, many students will need a background in STEM to find a job 2) pensesesnsnsnen «| think STEM subjects should be compulsory until students finish school. 3) svosnsrnny [Nevertheless think that STEM subjects shouldn't be compulsory for everyone. 4) that some students who struggle with STEM may be very gifted in other subjects, such as art, music or languages. 5) Jn , but looking at it from another point of view, | think we should equip all school-leavers with basic STEM skills, as they are required in so many diverse fields these days. | Listening 1% (Listen and choose the correct answer (A, B or C). What is Ann doing on her phone? A sending a text message B using a new app € posting a comment on social media What is a word cloud? A apicture made of words B alist of scientific words © alsummary of a text Tony says that the app he uses A ceates a better word cloud than Ann's, B hs links to dictionary definitions. shows the user example from the text. Tony recommends text-to-speech apps to Ann becaise she ‘A likes to play memory games. B finds it hard to pay attention to long texts. © doesn’t have a lot of free time. Tony tells Ann that he will send her A allink so that she can buy a phone with built-in TT. B instructions about how to check for a built-in TTS tool © information about the TTS app he uses.Writing (giving a speech/presentation) Rubric analysis 4 Read the rubric and answer the questions. Imagine you work for a renewable energy company. Give a talk to a transport 1 1 company about biofuels ~ how they work | and why they are a good solution for their 1 buses (200-250 words). 1 Who is the speaker going to talk to? What is he/she going to talk about? What is the purpose of the presentation? a toentertain b tonarrate € to persuade Model analysis o* Read the model. In which main body paragraph (A-C) does the speaker: explain why biodiesel isa good solution? describe how biodiesel works? introduce the idea of biodiesel? a) Which opening/closing techniques does the speaker use in the model? b) 4 Rewrite the opening using a rhetorical question. Rewrite the closing using a statement. a) ** How does the speaker appeal to the audience's emotions in the last paragraph? Cl Good aftemnaon, everyone. My name is Dr Warren and | specialise in renewable energy. Let me ask you a question. What do your buses currently run ‘on? Diesel. Well, we all know that diesel comes from fossil fuels which, in addition to being a finite resource, pollute our Earth's atmosphere, D> There are many types of biofuel, but today I'l be focussing on the one that suits the needs of your company: biodiesel. Our biodiesel is made from vegetable oil, and I'm going to tell you why you should use it to run your fleet [D> This innovative fuel isn't blended with regular diesel like many other biadiesels on the market. Its from 100% renewable sources, but because of the unique chemical process our company uses, it can be used successfully in existing diesel engines. This means that you won't have to pay for engine conversions for your buses - you can just switch straight to biofuel, [> So why is this fuel 2 good solution for your company? Firstly, it is cost-effective because you save money on tax due to its environmental benefits. Secondly, although biodiesel still produces carbon dioxide, this is absorbed when new biofuel crops are grown, so itis essentially carbon-neutral. It also produces far less smoke and dangerous chemicals, like carbon monoxide and sulfates, than regular diesel. In conclusion, biofuels are undoubtedly the way forward for your transport company. Aside from the cost benefits, you will be helping to build a cleaner, greener world for your children to grow up in, and who doesn’t want that? Please feel free to ask me any questions, Thank you for your time. 37b) > % Which types of emotional language appear in the following extracts (1-3): repeated phrases, telling a story, a quotation, strong adjectives? What emotions/reactions are they intended to trigger in the audience? [1s farmers, you work closely with nature and you fel and understand better than anyone else what is {happening to our world. You see our planets suffering, but never forget that you also have the power to save it. Utilising this new technology is your frst step. ‘2 Can you imagine what it would be like to generate all your own electricity? To be completely independent and | selfreliant? To live freely and not have to rely or \, anyone else to power your home and your business? \ Today, I will show you how. cn B energy to your farm, don’t wait for your friends to ‘ty it first, don’t wait for the ar you breathe and the water you drink to get even more polluted. As the wit and ilustrator Fark Tyger sag, Your future | depends on many things, but mostly on you.” t Don’t wait for an electricity company to bring clean} { expert ee ©) Which of the extracts (1-3) is a beginning? Which are endings? Your turn 5 Read the rubric and answer the questions. t Imagine you work for a renewable energy { company. Give a talk to a group of farmers about hydrogen energy storage - how it works and why itis a good solution for their farms (200-250 words). 1. Who will you be talking to? 2. What will you be talking about? 3 What is the purpose of the presentation? 4. Which of the following should you include: a apolite greeting ba brief history of how the product was developed © emotional language da short description of how the product works 38 6 _ * Join the phrases to form sentences. [47] The excess energy produced in the day is stored [21] our revolutionary system uses solar panels [31] Asmall amount of energy is also used to split water A into its separate parts: oxygen and hydrogen. B in the hydrogen in tanks, and can be released when required © ta generate clean energy directly from sunlight. 7 * Match the benefits to the justifications. T]_]) hydrogen has a higher storage capacity | than batteries, CAES or pumped hydroelectric storage hydrogen is a very stable chemical [31_]) hydrogen storage is environmentally-friendly A it produces no carbon dioxide at all B_ you can use it to store all the energy you'll ever need C it(can store your energy safely for longer than any other technology _*% Use your answers in Exs 6 and 7, ideas from Ex. 4 and the model in Ex. 2 to write your presentation (200-250 words).Reading Task Read the text. For each question (1-5), choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). All around the world, govemments, universities and industy professionals are launching initiatives geared at generating interest in STEM ~ Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Kazokhstan is no exception. The national m5 curriculum has been updated to include STEM content, with FE the goal of educating a generation ready for careers in technological and scientific innovation, To that end, the traditional teacherled classroom setting is being replaced by one where students develop critical thinking sil. Instead of 10 being told the answers, they are encouraged to thoroughly research a problem and generate creative and innovative solutions to that problem. Additionally, the switch to Engish 25 the language of insvuction in some high school scienoe classes allows Kazakh students to acquire STEM terminology 5 and concepts in the intemational language of science and engage fuly withthe global scientific community Robotics is a particularly dmamic STEM field in Kazakstan Close collaboration between the Intemational IT University (ITU) and the Kazakh Ministy of Education and Science have H9}20 ted to the opening of robotics labs in some of Kazakhstan's best secondary schools, n addltion, TU prepares students Republican Olympiad in which teams of students 1. What is the writer's attitude to STEM in Kazakhstan? A thas fallen behind in STEM fields. B Itisn't following the international trend € Itis leading the global movement to teach STEM subjects. D itis developing ways to bring attention to STEM 2. How are the new teaching methods different to the old? ‘A. Classes no longer have a teacher. B_ Students solve problems by themselves. Lessons take place outside the classroom. D_ Pupils are encouraged to do more research. 3. What does ‘it’ refer to in line 247 A the robot assembled by the students B the World Robotic Olympiad the International IT University D the Republican Olympiad VN design, assemble and program a robot to perform a specific task, such as playing foothall or solving a problem. Itis set tof the rules of the World Robot Olympiad and is held annually in 25, Nazarbayew Intellectual Schools, The city of Karaganda also hosts the annual Intemational Festival of Robotics, called RoboLand, in which more than 400 teams from various countries compete in robotics competitions and visitors can see exhibitions of a variety of innovative technologies. Furthermore, as one of the few Asian countries where women represent roughly half of all science, technology and innovation researchers, Kazakhstan is serious about putting @ dent in the global gender gap in STEM Thanks to the Zangar initiative, based in Ayu and aimed at providing 35 Practical STEM training to young people, a steadily increasing number of women and gils are pursuing education and careers in STEM fields. its members also organise yearly STEM festivals where young people can ty their hand at design, programming and 3D modeling. Though primey for 40 students from the age of 10 to 22, older visitors also enjoy participating in. practical workshops and attending the seminars. These events have been instrumental in showing the local community that STEM is for everyone. Kazakhstan is different from most Asian countries because A it has a higher number of male researchers. B the gender gap in STEM is quite large. C men and women participate almost equally in STEM research about half of all employees in STEM industries are researchers. 30f 4 D 5 What is the writer's attitude to Zangar’s festivals? A. They're only interesting for the younger generation, B They're very important for growing the reputation of STEM. C The activities are more suitable for older people. D_ There isn’t enough hands-on experience. 3940 Vocabulary 4, * Match the genres (1-6) to the extracts (AF). (1) anovel (4) a dictionary [21] anencyclopedia [51] a poem 31] ascript 6) areview [A] JEKYLL: Iris not healthy to repress the most primal instincts of the human being, LANYON: Neither is it to free those instincts that would make us wild animals! [1B] The world decays, breaks down with every breath, Leaves sludge behind, radiates power or strife. What is the hal-life of aword lke death? Or the halt-death of such a word as life? [E]Sam Cox as Poole, Jekyll's butler, is the best example of witty humour, which is naturally woven into his character and lines. The addition of female characters into this version gives it depth, [D] !crossed the yard, wherein the constellations looked down upon me, | could have thought, with wonder, the first creature of that sort that their unsleeping Vigilance had yet disclosed to them; | stole through the corridors, a stranger in my own house; and coming to my room, | saw for the first time the appearance of Edward Hyde. [E] monster /monsta/ (noun) 1 a large, imaginary creature which is ugly and frightening; the Loch ‘Ness Monster 2 something which is extremely large, unpleasant and difficult to manage: The ‘monster that is global warming. 3 a person who is cruel, frightening, or evi: He is a monster without any feelings. [F}The Loch Ness monster, also known as Nessie, is a large creature which is said to inhabit Loch Ness, ‘Scotland, It is widely believed that its existence is a ‘myth, as supporting evidence is scarce, unreliable and has mostly been discredited. a ** 2. * Choose the correct item. 1 Today the weather is dreary/dull - it has been raining non-stop since morning, 2 Her long dark hair was thick and lustrous/ pearly, but her skin was very pale. 3 In that moment, his pain seemed convulsive/ infinite, as if it would never end. 4 Nota soul was left in the village; it was a still and breathless/lifeless place. 5 She used such extravagant/tireless language to describe her discovery that it was hard to remember that she was a practical scientist 6 He had forcible/slender opportunity to attend schol as a child, so he is mostly self-taught. 3% Match the types of imagery (1-7) to the examples (A-G). visual 5|_] tactile auditory [5] kinesthetic factory (7) organic [41 } gustatory She|sat on the cold, hard floor. He couldn't quench his terrible thirst The dancers were spinning faster and faster. The scent of roses filled the air. The Silver stars twinkled in the black sky. He drank the bitter coffee. The howling of the wolves echoed through the forest. [] anmone> exceeded, delineated, deprived, traversed, composed, endured. 1 The | explorer 4s Showstorms, strong winds and illness to reach his goal. 2 The woman anxiously ........ the room while she waited for news from her family 3 He sme the scientific process in greet detail so that we would all understand 4 The team . themselves of sleep and regular meals in order to finish the project. 5 The success of the experiment......... even my wildest dreams. 6 Although he was upset, he _ himself in order to address his colleagues calmly.PRC Ta rrr 5 * Choose the correct item. The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was writen I)at/in the 1800s by Robert Louis Stevenson and has been adapted 2) to/for the stage by Lonraine Grisholm, The play tells the story ofthe dst Dr Jekyll who creates a. serum for the purpose 3) of/to separating the good and evil parts of himself. When he drinks the serum, he becomes Mr Hyde, a man whose evil personality is in complete contrast 4) from/with the gentle character of Driekyll. However, Grisholm’s adaptation does not present Dr Jeyil as blameless, as so many other adaptations have done in the past, Dr Jekyll takes the liberty 5) of/for acing as he pleases when he's in the form of Mr Hyde. He consdously chooses to tum himself into a monster, not in the pursuit 6) with/of knowledge, but in order to let the dark side of his character be free, Grsholm never lets us forget that Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde are one and the same person, and that is the beauty 7) of/in this production 6 ** Complete the email. Use: complexion, wretch, catastrophe, ardour, tumult, glimmer, toils, features, muscles. Dear Brian, How are you? | saw a very powerful production of Frankenstein at the Oval Theat last night, The actor who played Dr Frankenstein was briliant. At the beginning, when he was still passionate about his project, | could hear the 1). in his voice as he talked about his oye to create life. He carefully selected the most beautiful 3) for his creature's face and gave it 4)... «$0 that it could move its limbs. Of ‘course, you know that his project tumed out to be a(n) 5) unseen The most emotional scene of the play was when, by the 6) . of an oil lamp at the edge of the stage, we watched the monster come to life. At this moment, Dr Frankenstein realised he only felt disgust for the 7). he had created. The make-up artist had done a spectacular job with the monster - its 8) was pale and hortble to look at. But at the ‘same time | felt such pity for the poor creature, and this feeling lasted for the rest of the play, despite whatever the terible monster did, | highly recommend this production of Frankenstein to you. It was incredible, but | should warm you that i's not very relaxing to watch! My mind was such a 9) ‘atterwards that | could’ sleep for hours, and when Idi, | had some very strange dreams! Let me know what you think, if you see It Robin Grammar 7% Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Ivars .». look) for @ 19th century edition of Frankenstein for months. Do you know where I can buy one? 2 Percy Bysshe Shelley . (not/write) Frankenstein. it was his wife Mary's work (youreveritry) writing your own fiction story? ai. -(not/read) a horror story before you lent me Frankenstein (Ellen/enjoy) film adaptations of novels? 6 1 couldn't sleep last night because 1 (watch) a horror film right before | went to bed 7 Adam ....... vs (not/study) with me right now. He's gone to retum a mas book. 8 . . (you/write) your essay on Frankenstein when | called you last night? Listening B %% 4) You will hear five students talking. Match the speakers (1-5) to their opinions (A-F). There is one extra opinion which you do not need to use. ‘A. The themes of Frankenstein are based on Mary Shelley's life. B_ Horror stories were popular in the Victorian era Frankenstein is enjoyable, but not relevant to our modern world. D Mary Shelley wasn't highly-educated, Frankenstein has influenced modern fiction. F Mary Shelley's husband had [pester little to do with the writing of | Ercakarz Frankenstein. Speaker 3 speaker 4] | Speaker 5 Al