LESSON 1.

2 TENSES
TENSES merupakan perubahan waktu(lampau – sekarang – masa depan) yang mempengaruhi bentuk kata kerja
seperti bahasa asing lainnya.

THE CONCEPT

Verbal (dengan aktivitas)

Present(v1) Past(v2) Future(will v1)

today yesterday tomorrow

Simple I work I worked I will work

(sederhana)

Continuous I am working I was working I will be working

(sedang)

Perfect I have worked I had worked I will have worked

(sudah/selesai)

Perfect continuous I have been working I had been working I will have been working
(durasi) for 2 hours for 2 hours for 2 hours

Non-Verbal (tanpa aktivitas) – ciri-ciri, sifat, pekerjaan, place

She is busy. She was an actress. She will be busy.
She has been here She had been here. She will have been here.
 Simple X Continuous

Simple present adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi atau situasi dalam
bentuk fakta, kebiasaan, atau kejadian yang terjadi di masa kini. Bentuk kata kerja ini paling sering
digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris.
- V1
- aktivitas sederhana.
- Every day, on Sunday, in the morning, once, twice

Additional s/es/ies – hanya untuk HE, SHE, IT(kata ganti orang ke 3)

consonant vowel goes, ties, regulates final y

cooks ch stomach, catch vowel + y sprays, plays
gets sh smash, brush consonant + y fry-fries, fly-flies*
lends ss miss, press, mess, glass
x/z box, mix, buzz

Present continuous atau progressive adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang
sedang berlangsung sekarang.
- be (is, am, are) VING
- on going /process
- this day/night/time (today, tonight, now/right now), in the present, at the moment.

Mom cooks soup in the kitchen. Sering/biasa masak sup

Mom is cooking soup in the kitchen. Sedang masak sup saat itu juga
She is happy Dia bahagia/sedang bahagia.

I want an ice cream. She likes strawberry.

I am wanting an ice cream. she is liking strawberry.

NON-PROGESSIVE VERBS

Like Disagree Mean: BERMAKSUD Imagine Matter

Love Satisfy Understand Be See: TERLIHAT
Hate Doubt Believe Involve Look: TERLIHAT
Want Wish Remember Measure Smell
Need Dislike Recognize Weigh Deny
Prefer Deserve Appear Belong Impress
Agree/Disagree Lack Taste Fit Surprise
Mind Owe Astonish Contain Feel: TERASA
Own Know Please Consist Concern
Sound Realize promise Seem Have
Hear Suppose Think: opinion Depend Include
 TASK 1 Fill the blank spaces with the correct tense!
1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) …………. her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I (work) …………. as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) ….…… French at a language
school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) ……….
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) ………...
5. I hate living in Seattle because it (always, rain) ………….
6. I am sorry I can't hear what you (say) ………... because everybody (talk) …………. so loudly.
7. Justin (currently, write) …………… a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good
publisher when he is finished.
8. Do you want to come over for dinner tonight? Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) ……. to a movie tonight with
some friends.
9. The business cards (be, normally) …………….... printed by a company in New York.
Their prices (be) …………. inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be) ………. made by a small chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.

TASK 2 Describe your favourites!

 Perfect X Past

Present perfect adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi atau situasi yang telah
terjadi di masa lalu namun efeknya masih berlanjut.
- Have /Has (he, she, it) v3
- no specific time
- never(-), ever(?), just(barusan), already(+), yet(-), before, after
I have already eaten 02 SATAY
I have not eaten pork yet.

Perfect Continuous adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi atau situasi yang
sudah terjadi dan masih berlanjut sampai saat ini.
- have/has been ving
- duration
- for (selama), since (sejak)

Anto has been working for 2 months

I have been knowing him since 2 years ago. wrong (know = non-progressive verb)
I have known him since 2 years ago. correct

1. ……………… January.
2. ……………… 10 years.
3. ……………… Monday.
4. ……………… 12 o’clock.
5. ……………… I got up.
6. ……………… 5 minutes.
7. ……………… four days.
8. ……………… 2019.
9. ……………… this morning
10. ……………… 24/7

Simple past adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi atau situasi yang terjadi di
masa lampau dengan waktu yang sepesifik.
- v2
- specific time
- yesterday, last week, 2 days ago, first

We studied English 8 days ago.

We did not study 8 days ago.
we have been studying English since 8 days ago.

I have a brother.
you have travelled to Padang.
you travelled to Padang last year.

I have visited Bali. No specific time

I visited Bali in 2016. Specific time.
I have been teaching at LC for 6 years.
TASK 1 Fill the blank spaces with the correct tense!
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars"?
B: I don't know. I (never, see) ………………. that movie.
2. Sam (arrive) ……… in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I (recognize) ……… each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once
a week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) ……………. ten very creative short stories in the last year.
One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. Things (change) …… a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) …… working here three years
ago, the company (only, have) …… six employees. Since then, we (have been expand) ………to
include more than 2000 full-time workers.
6. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) ........... the bus this morning. You (be) …… late to work too
many times. You are fired!
7. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (never, see) ……………… the
ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
8. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (have been change) ...... since the last time I (see) …. you. You
(have grown) …… at least a foot!
9. This mountain (never be) …… climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (have try) ....... to reach
the top, but nobody (has ever succeed) …… The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die)
……trying to reach the summit.
10. I (never, visit) ........ Africa, but I (have travelled) …. to South America several times. The last time I
(went) ...... to South America, I (visit) ........ Brazil and Peru. I (spend) …… two weeks in the
Amazon, (hiked) ....... for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) ……… over the Nazca Lines.

TASK 2 Tell your past experiences!

 Will X Be going to

Simple future adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan,
secara spontan atau terencana.
- will/shall(we, I) v1
- spontaneous /unplanned
- tomorrow, next month, tonight, 2 days later

Present Continuous
- Be (is, am, are, is, were) going to – sedang pergi/dalam perjalanan
- planned
- likely future time

Simple present
- want, hope, expect, wish, need, ask

If there is a cat, Eriska will run.

If it is raining, Faldy will take the dried clothes.

Mom is going to buy fruits in the market.

on the going

Mom brings a knife. She is going to cut the vegetables.

John is in Pare. He is going to take English course.

I want to watch new movie in the cinema.

TASK 1 Fill the blank spaces with the correct tense!
1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?
B: I (write) ……………. a letter to my friends back home in Texas.
2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
B: I (get) ………… you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.
3. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) …………. Paris, Nice and Grenoble.
4. A: It is so hot in here!
B: I (turn) …………… the air conditioning on.
5. After I graduate, I (attend) ……………. medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor
all my life.
6. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) ………………. down to the beach and go swimming.
7. Susan: We (go)....................................camping this weekend. Will you like to come along?
Sam: That sounds great, but I don't have a sleeping bag.
Susan: No problem. I (lend).........................you one. My family has tons of camping gear.
8. Barbara: I (buy).........................a new car this weekend, but I'm a little worried because I don't really
know much about cars. I'm afraid the salesman (try) …………. to take advantage of me when he sees
how little I know.
Dave: I used to work for a mechanic in high school and I know a lot about cars. I (go) ………………. with
you to make sure you are not cheated.
9. Gina: Fred and I (visit) ………………. Santa Fe next summer. Have you ever been there?
Margaret: My family lives in Santa Fe! I (give).....................you my parents' phone number. When you
get to Santa Fe, just call them and they (give) ………………… you a little tour of the town. They can show
you some of the sights that most tourists never see.
10. Pam: Can you see my future in the crystal ball? What (happen).................next year?
Fortune Teller: You (meet) …………………. a man from the East Coast, perhaps New York or maybe
Boston. You (marry) …………………. that mystery man.
Pam: Forget the man! I want to know if I (get)................a new job.

TASK 2 Tell your things to be happened in the future!