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C++ Switch Case Statement Guide

A switch statement allows a variable to be checked against multiple case values and execute different blocks of code based on matching cases. It provides an alternative to multiple if/else statements. The switch expression data type must be integral, enumerated, or a class type that converts to integral. Each case specifies a value and block of code. If a case matches, code executes until a break or the end of the switch. An optional default case handles non-matches.

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160 views5 pages

C++ Switch Case Statement Guide

A switch statement allows a variable to be checked against multiple case values and execute different blocks of code based on matching cases. It provides an alternative to multiple if/else statements. The switch expression data type must be integral, enumerated, or a class type that converts to integral. Each case specifies a value and block of code. If a case matches, code executes until a break or the end of the switch. An optional default case handles non-matches.

Uploaded by

Alliyah Mae Reños
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Switch 

case Statement
A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of
values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked
for each case.

Syntax
The syntax for a switch statement in C++ is as follows −

switch(expression) {
case constant-expression :
statement(s);
break; //optional
case constant-expression :
statement(s);
break; //optional

// you can have any number of case statements.


default : //Optional
statement(s);
}

The following rules apply to a switch statement −


 The expression used in a switch statement must have an integral or enumerated
type, or be of a class type in which the class has a single conversion function to an
integral or enumerated type.

 You can have any number of case statements within a switch. Each case is
followed by the value to be compared to and a colon.

 The constant-expression for a case must be the same data type as the variable in


the switch, and it must be a constant or a literal.

 When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements following
that case will execute until a break statement is reached.

 When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates, and the flow of control
jumps to the next line following the switch statement.

 Not every case needs to contain a break. If no break appears, the flow of control
will fall through to subsequent cases until a break is reached.


 A switch statement can have an optional default case, which must appear at the
end of the switch. The default case can be used for performing a task when none
of the cases is true. No break is needed in the default case.

Flow Diagram

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main () {
// local variable declaration:
char grade = 'D';

switch(grade) {
case 'A' :
cout << "Excellent!" << endl;
break;

case 'B' :
case ‘b’:

case 'C' :
cout << "Well done" << endl;
break;
case 'D' :
cout << "You passed" << endl;
break;
case 'F' :
cout << "Better try again" << endl;
break;
default :
cout << "Invalid grade" << endl;
}
cout << "Your grade is " << grade << endl;

return 0;
}

This would produce the following result −


You passed
Your grade is D
// Program to build a simple calculator using switch Statement
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
char oper;
float num1, num2;
cout << "Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ";
cin >> oper;
cout << "Enter two numbers: " << endl;
cin >> num1 >> num2;

switch (oper) {
case '+':
cout << num1 << " + " << num2 << " = " << num1 + num2;
break;
case '-':
cout << num1 << " - " << num2 << " = " << num1 - num2;
break;
case '*':
cout << num1 << " * " << num2 << " = " << num1 * num2;
break;
case '/':
cout << num1 << " / " << num2 << " = " << num1 / num2;
break;
default:
// operator is doesn't match any case constant (+, -, *, /)
cout << "Error! The operator is not correct";
break;
}

return 0;
}

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