Assignment Front Sheet

Qualification Unit number and title

Pearson BTEC HND level 5 Diploma in Construction &

Unit 6: health and safety
The Built Environment

Student name Assessor name

Muhammad sabir Mam Hareem

Hand in date Completion date Submission date

Hand-in policy:

You must complete this assignment on time. If you experience difficulties, you must
inform your tutor accordingly.

Late work policy:

Consideration will be given to students who have valid reasons for late submission (e.g.
illness)

Plagiarism:

In cases of plagiarism, college regulations will be applied. You must declare that this
assessment is your own work by signing the following statements

Learner declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.

Student signature: Muhammad sabir Date:

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Contents
Task 1a:.................................................................................................................................................5
Submit a report observing at the site of the work carried out in accordance to the HSW regulations
and point out the construction activities which violates the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974,
CDM regulation 2015 and The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and
enlist penalties for non-compliance......................................................................................................5
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.................................................................................................5
CDM regulation:................................................................................................................................5
Health and safety work regulation 1999:..........................................................................................5
Project: apartments and bridge.........................................................................................................7
Safety measures taken on site:..........................................................................................................8
Court orders:...................................................................................................................................10
Penalties:.........................................................................................................................................10
Task 1b................................................................................................................................................12
As a HSE coordinator, enlist the duties you observed on the site of the client, the contractor, and
designer, to ensure welfare facilities are provided at the construction site in accordance to CDM
2015 regulation. Design a hierarchy diagram explains responsibilities of each role...........................12
Duties of Client – Checklist:.............................................................................................................12
Regulation 15 of the CDM 2015 regulations places duties on contractors......................................13
Contractor duties:............................................................................................................................13
Designer:.........................................................................................................................................14
Regulation 9 of the CDM2015 guidance states:...............................................................................15
Duties of Designers – Checklist:.......................................................................................................15
A hierarchy diagram of responsibilities of each role. REF. CDM 2015 construction design:............16
Task 2a:...............................................................................................................................................17
You are required to make a policy; it should reflect the special needs of your workplace. This
document will assist you in writing and applying a policy for your workplace. This policy
communicates a commitment to health and safety. A proper chart is to be made on daily bases.....17
Health and safety policy:.................................................................................................................17
Basic safety rules:............................................................................................................................18
Safety equipment check list:............................................................................................................19
Task 2b................................................................................................................................................21
The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 requires you to provide whatever information,
instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the
health and safety at work of your employees. The Health and Safety (Training for Employment)
Regulations1990 ensure that learners doing work experience are covered by health and safety law.
............................................................................................................................................................21

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 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974.........................................................................................21
NEBOSH...........................................................................................................................................21
OSHA:..............................................................................................................................................21
As HSE coordinator I will apply the following policy on site:...........................................................22
Task 3a:...............................................................................................................................................24
Hazards can be identified by direct observation; examining records; conducting interview. Identify
the hazards present on the construction site......................................................................................24
Examination record:........................................................................................................................25
Conducting interview:.....................................................................................................................25
Biological Hazards:...........................................................................................................................26
Inspect the workplace for safety hazards:.......................................................................................26
Task 3b:...............................................................................................................................................27
Having identified the hazards, you then have to decide how likely it is that harm will occur, i.e. the
level of risk and what to do about it. Risk is a part of everyday life and you are not expected to
eliminate all risks. What you must do is make sure you know about the main risks and the things you
need to do to manage them responsibly.............................................................................................27
Make a risk assessment report for the above mentioned hazards on the construction site. Note it
down in a table format....................................................................................................................27
Task 4a:...............................................................................................................................................28
It has been reported in the bimonthly medical examination by site doctor that, two workers fell ill
they developed skin irritation and their chest x-ray shows lung damage............................................28
Review the policy that you have made in accordance to this health hazard. Define how and why
your previous policy did not include the precautionary measures and what do you suggest in
future. Suggest what preventive measures you have offered and what further changes in work
routine and monitoring procedures you suggest............................................................................28
Make it a proper accident investigation report; determine the consequences the workers faced
who was at fault and what preventive measures you suggest........................................................28
Policy appraisal and apprise:...............................................................................................................29
Task 4b:...............................................................................................................................................30
Justify the effectiveness of the implemented changes you made in the Health and safety policy......30
Task 5a:...............................................................................................................................................32
You are required to take risk assessment on an oil field plant at Quetta Baluchistan Pakistan. Near
Quetta an oil well is being drilled by Pakistan Petroleum Limited PPL. They have established a
working rig on the marked well site. You are appointed as their HSE officer enlist the Hazards present
and produce risk assessment accordingly and present solutions........................................................32
Introduction:...................................................................................................................................32

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Figure 1 construction site..........................................................................................................................10
Figure 3 engineer M. Omer.......................................................................................................................11
Figure 2 H&S officer: Nasir.........................................................................................................................11
Figure 4 apartments..................................................................................................................................11
Figure 5 bridge...........................................................................................................................................12
Figure 6......................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 7......................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 8......................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 9 client............................................................................................................................................16
Figure 10 contractors................................................................................................................................17
Figure 11 designers....................................................................................................................................19
Figure 12 skin irritation..............................................................................................................................32
Figure 13 x-ray..........................................................................................................................................32

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Task 1a:

Submit a report observing at the site of the work carried out in

accordance to the HSW regulations and point out the construction
activities which violates the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, CDM
regulation 2015 and The Management of Health and Safety at Work
Regulations 1999 and enlist penalties for non-compliance.
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
Before 1974 approximately 8 million employees had no legal safety protection at work.
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 provides the legal framework to promote,
stimulate and encourage high standards of health and safety in places of work. It
protects employees and the public from work activities.

Everyone has a duty to comply with the Act, including employers, employees, trainees,
self-employed, manufacturers, suppliers, designers, importers of work equipment.

Among other provisions, the Act also requires:

 Safe operation and maintenance of the working environment, plant and systems
 Maintenance of safe access and egress to the workplace
 Safe use, handling and storage of dangerous substances
 Adequate training of staff to ensure health and safety
 Adequate welfare provisions for staff at work.

CDM regulation:
CDM (construction design and management) the CDM came into force on 6 April which
replaced CDM 2007. This publication provides guidance on the legal requirements for
CDM 2015 and is available to help anyone with duties under the regulations.

Health and safety work regulation 1999:

Health and safety work regulation were introduced to reinforce the health and safety at
work act 1974. It places duties on employers and employees including clients,
designers, principal construction or other contractors. Many of duties overlap with
those of CDM

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 Figure 1 construction site

Health and safety and welfare are any working environment reduce the indirect cost
and give more efficiency to the work.

On the site to the construction site many of the rules and regulations were followed but
on the other hand there were many rules which were violated too according to the HSW
regulation.

Figure 3 MD Brig Falak Sher

Figure 2 H&S officer: Nasir

Project: apartments and bridge

 Apartments consist of 2 basements, ground floor and 3 upper floors.

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  There will be 135 apartments in this building shown above which is being
constructed. These apartments can be invested in the period of 30 months by
installments.
 The building consists of short columns and it consists of maximum steel to
maintain tension.
 The concrete co mpresses and the steel helps in to maintain tension. The
building consists of longest gutters, 6 gutters on each span. The shaft column is
100 feet long.
 32 piles are driven of length of 8 feet’s.

Figure 4 apartments

Bridge:

 The bridge is under construction and the work will be finished in 6 months.
 It is an HR Bridge in which a single shaft is used with 2 expansion joints and
bearing piles are driven.
 17 Corer Pakistani Rupees

Figure 5 bridge

Safety measures taken on site:

 Safety of explosive substances:
o Section 1 health and safety act 1974 states that keeping and use of
explosive substances must be controlled. Harmful gases must not be

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 emitted into the atmosphere. The site was free of explosive substances
and no harmful gases were released into air.
 Safe premises:
o Health and safety act 1974 section 4 states that the workplace must be
safe without any risk. The premises of the construction site we visited
were fully covered with the ropes. It was safe without any risk to the
health. Tower crane was placed in the safest place.
 Safety of employees:
o Health and safety act 1974 section 3 ensure the health and safety of the
employees. For that a proper health and safety policy was made and a
health and safety officer was appointed to implement the policy on the
employees.
 Welfare facilities:
o According to the section of health and safety act 1974 it is the duty of the
employee to ensure safety and welfare of the employees. On the
construction site proper welfare facilities were given to the employees
including rest rooms, dining areas, medical health unit and standby
ambulance facility.
 Project management:
o Regulation number 4 of CDM states that the client responsible

Rules violated on the site:

 Duty of designer:
o Regulation 9 CDM regulation 2015 states the duties of the designer. It is
the duty of the designer to design the arrangements for the pre-
construction work. The construction vehicles were parked near the
excavation area which was violating the CDM regulations.
 Personal protective equipment:

Section 1b HSW ACT 1974:

Protecting persons other than persons at work against risks to health or
safety arising out of or about the activities of persons at work by
reasonably practicable methods.

HSW act 1974 states that the employer must provide personal protective equipment to
the employees. This section was violated on the site because there was
no proper suit provided to the workers. No use gloves, safety shoes
were seen on site.

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No safety shoes and no safety helmet no driver safety

Figure 6
Figure 7 Without proper
uniform

Figure 8

Section 1:

 1b: Protecting persons other than persons at work against risks to health or
safety arising out of or about the activities of persons at work.
 1c: controlling the keeping and use of explosive or highly flammable or
otherwise dangerous substances, and generally preventing the unlawful
acquisition, possession and use of such substances.
 1d: Controlling the emission into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive
substances.

Section 2:

 2a: Provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are so far as is
reasonably practicable, safe and without risks to health.

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  2c: the provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as is
necessary to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety at
work of his employees.

Section 6:

 6d: Provide information about the use for which the product has been designed
and tested, and about any conditions necessary to ensure that, when use or being
dismantled or disposed of, the product will be safe and without health risks.
 6e: Take steps to inform those who have been supplied with an article or
substance, of any new information which may give rise to a serious risk to health
and safety.

Section 3:

 3a: Prepare a written statement of his general health and safety policy.
 3b: Set down the organization and arrangements for carrying out the policy.
 3d: Bring the policy arrangements to the notice of employees.

Court orders:
 The offender is required to publicize their failing. This is used the health and
safety context if the employer is unable to fulfill the health and safety standards
under the HSW act and CDM regulations.
 The offender is required to improve health and safety of the specified project.
 In order for construction the offender is required to put the effects of the offence
related to the health, safety and welfare.
 The offender can be released by the court if he gives an undertaking with
specified conditions.

Penalties:
 Failing to discharge a duty under any of the HSW section can result into the
unlimited fine by crown court under the section 2 to 6 HSWA.
 Under section 36 to 46 if the employer is unable to control the risk of death and
serious injury then the maximum penalty is unlimited fine and imprisonment.
 The maximum penalty including imprisonment is imposed on the offender if the
duty holder is reckless about the risk of injury, illness or death.
 The maximum penalties are 50000 dollars for an individual and 250000 for any
other person and imprisonment for 2 years.
 Exposing workers to the risk of excessive noise
 Working at heights where the risk of falling is not controlled
 Allowing unlicensed operators to use specified equipment
 Not ensuring that plant is appropriately guarded to eliminate exposure of
workers to moving parts

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  Failing to have in place safe work method statements for work carried out in or
near a confined space.

Categories of offences:

There are 3 categories for failing to comply with a health and safety duty under the Act,
depending on the degree of seriousness or culpability involved.

Category 1 - the highest penalty under health and safety legislation is for a category 1
offence. These are the most serious violations where a duty holder recklessly endangers
a person to risk of death or serious injury:

 Corporation: up to $3 million
 Individual as a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) or an
officer: up to $600,000/5 years jail
 Individual (for example a worker): up to $300,000/5 years jail.

Category 2 - failure to comply with a health and safety duty or electrical safety duty
that exposes a person to risk of death, serious injury or illness:

 Corporation: up to $1.5 million

 Individual as a PCBU or an officer: up to $300,000
 Individual for example worker: up to $150,000.

Category 3 - failure to comply with a health and safety duty or electrical safety duty:

 Corporation: up to $500,000
 Individual as a PCBU or an officer: up to $100,000
 Individual for example worker: up to $50,000.

M1:

Using appropriate your effective judgment the penalties on the

violation of health and safety legislation, determine the charges
company can face by giving references of researched case histories.

Introduction:
Penalties are imposed on the workers or the empoyees after the visit of and inspection
team. An investigation may be carried out by a single person or a team, depending on
the nature and severity of the incident and its consequences.

Following a successful prosecution, the courts will decide what penalty to impose. HSE
believe that the current general level of fines does not properly reflect the seriousness

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of the health and safety offences. However, it is up to the courts to decide appropriate
fines.

Following are the salient features of the penalty.

 Under section 36 to 46 if the employee is unable to control the risk of death and
serious injury then the maximum penalty is unlimited fine and imprisonment.
 Failing to discharge a duty under any of the HSW section can result into the
unlimited fine by crown court under the section 2 to 6 HSWA.
 The maximum penalty including imprisonment is imposed on the offender if the
duty holder is reckless about the risk if injury, illness or death.
 The maximum penalties are $50,000 for an individual and $250,000 for any
other person and imprisonment for 2 years.
 If the workplace has any fire equipment then they require fire certificates and
use of premises without certificates is a crime. A person who fails to have the
fire certificates given a penalty by the magistrate court of 400euro fine and the
crown court can charge unlimited fine with two years of imprisonment.

Task 1b

As a HSE coordinator, enlist the duties you observed on the site of the
client, the contractor, and designer, to ensure welfare facilities are
provided at the construction site in accordance to CDM 2015
regulation. Design a hierarchy diagram explains responsibilities of
each role.
As a HSE coordinator these are the duties on the site if client, designer and contractor.

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Client:

 Clients have a major role to play in the promotion of a systematic approach to

the management of health and safety in construction.
 They will set the tone of the project and make decisions crucial to its
development. It is vital that sufficient time and resources are allowed to enable
the CDM duty holders to carry out their responsibilities safely.

Duties of Client – Checklist:

The main duties of the client on all construction projects are to:

 Ensure that suitable management arrangements are made for the project
 Select & appoint a competent and resourced Principal Designer.
 Select & appoint a competent and resourced Principal contractor.
 Notify the relevant enforcing authority of certain projects.
 Ensure sufficient time and resources are allowed for all stages of the project.
 Provide the pre-construction information (PCI) to the designers and contractors.
 Verify the sufficiency of the construction phase plan (CPP) prior to construction
commencement.
 Verify that suitable welfare facilities are in place prior to construction
commencement.

Figure 9 client

Contractor:

 Anyone who directly employs or engages construction workers or manages

construction is a contractor.
 An individual, a self-employed worker, or a business that carries out, manages or
controls construction work as part of their business can be a contractor.
 This also includes companies that use their own workforce to do construction
work on their own premises.
 The duties on contractors apply whether the workers under their control are
employees, self-employed or agency workers.

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Regulation 15 of the CDM 2015 regulations places duties on contractors.
The main duty is to plan, manage and monitor the work under their control. Other
duties include:

 Complying with directions given to them by either the principal designer or

principal contractor on sites where there is more than one contractor; and
preparing a construction phase plan on sites where they are the only contractor.

Contractor importance:

 Contractors and the workers under their control are those most at risk of injury
and ill-health.
 They can influence the way in which work is carried out to secure their own
health and safety and that of others affected.
 They have an important role in planning, managing and monitoring the work (in
liaison with the principal contractor, where appropriate) to ensure risks are
properly controlled.
 The key to this is the proper coordination of the work, underpinned by good
communication and cooperation with others involved.

Contractor duties:
Contractors have a number of specific duties. They must also comply with the
requirements of regulation 8 as they apply to contractors. These include the
requirements:

 On anyone appointing a designer or contractor (such as the contractor

appointing a sub-contractor) to ensure the designer or contractor has the skills,
knowledge and experience and, where relevant, organizational capability to
carry out the work for which they are being appointed
 Make sure the client is aware of the client duties under CDM 2015 before any
work starts
 Plan, manage and monitor all work carried out by themselves and their workers,
taking into account the risks to anyone who might be affected by it (including
members of the public) and the measures needed to protect them
 Check that all workers they employ or appoint have the skills, knowledge,
training and experience to carry out the work, or are in the process of obtaining
them
 Make sure that all workers under their control have a suitable, site-specific
induction, unless this has already been provided by the principal contractor
 Provide appropriate supervision, information and instructions to workers under
their control
 Ensure they do not start work on site unless reasonable steps have been taken to
prevent unauthorized access

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  Ensure suitable welfare facilities are provided from the start for workers under
their control, and maintain them throughout the work.

Figure 10 contractors

Designer:
 A designer is an organization or individual whose business involves preparing or
modifying designs for construction projects, or arranging for, or instructing,
others to do this.
 Designs include drawings, design details, specifications, and bills of quantity and
design calculations.

Designers can be architects, consulting engineers, quantity surveyors and interior

designers, or anyone who specifies and alters designs as part of their work. They can
also be principal contractors, specialist contractors, tradespeople or even commercial
clients, if they get actively involved in design work for their project.

Regulation 9 of the CDM2015 guidance states:

A designer must not commence work in relation to a project unless satisfied that the
client is aware of the duties owed by the client under these Regulations.

When preparing or modifying a design the designer must take into account the general
principles of prevention and any pre-construction information to eliminate, so far as is
reasonably practicable, foreseeable risks to the health or safety of any person-

 carrying out or liable to be affected by construction work;

 maintaining or cleaning a structure; or
 using a structure designed as a workplace.

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If it is not possible to eliminate these risks, the designer must, so far as is reasonably
practicable

 take steps to reduce or, if that is not possible, control the risks through the
subsequent design process;
 provide information about those risks to the principal designer; and
 ensure appropriate information is included in the health and safety file.

A designer must take all reasonable steps to provide, with the design, sufficient
information about the design, construction or maintenance of the structure, to
adequately assist the client, other designers and contractors to comply with their duties
under these Regulations.

Duties of Designers – Checklist:

The designers' duties on all construction projects are to:

 Ensure that the client is aware of the client's duties prior to commencing any
design work.
 Ensure that personnel allocated to their design team from internal resources are
competent and adequately resourced.
 Ensure that any designers or contractors that are engaged on the project are
competent and adequately resourced.
 Ensure that the design and the designers' duties are complied with by any
designers engaged by them, including any designers who are based outside Great
Britain.
 Eliminate or reduce safety and health risks to constructors, users, maintainers,
repairers, commissioners, testers, cleaners, demolishers, etc. when preparing the
design.
 Co-operate and
communicate
with other
designers,
including
temporary
works
designers, to
ensure
adequate co-
ordination of
the design.

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A hierarchy diagram of responsibilities of each role. REF. CDM 2015
construction design:

M2 enlist appropiate methods and techniquies for the consrruction activites that violate
the HSW regualtion. What perimeter can be used for better insurance of the health,
sadfety and welfare at the construction site? How work should have been carried out?

Rules violated on site:

Scaffolding:

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Proper scaffolding was not done which was the serious threat to the workers working
on the height. It is the duty of the HSE officer to provide necessary arrangement for the
protection.

Method to resolve:

Providing proper scaffolding can reduces the fall hazard. It is the duty of HSE officer to
make sure that the workers working on the height are safe in all aspects.

Pre-construction arrangements:

Proper pre construction arrangements were not made on the construction site. The
excavation was being done without any supervision of the safety supervisor. Excavated
area was not guarded with the safety rope.

Method to resolve:

It is the duty of the HSE supervisor to guide the crane operator. The excavated area
must be guarded with the safety rope so that the workers stay away from that area.

Workers safety:

It is the duty of the worker to make care of themselves. Negligence of the worker is the
serious threat to his own health as well as his peers. As the result if any mishap occurs
then the company has to face serious penalty.

Method to resolve:

It is the duty of the worker to follow all the precautionary measures and to use all the
necessary personal protective equipment for their safety.

Task 2a:

You are required to make a policy; it should reflect the special needs
of your workplace. This document will assist you in writing and
applying a policy for your workplace. This policy communicates a
commitment to health and safety. A proper chart is to be made on
daily bases.
The Occupational Health and Safety Act places many duties on construction employers.
The health and safety policy should be a straightforward statement of senior
management's commitment to workplace safety and health. It should be broad enough
to cover all aspects of the company's activities.

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Health and safety policy:
As HSE officer the way I work and behave, all works and stakeholders will be protected
from risks of occupational injury or ill health.

I will ensure the health and safety at work of all works and any other people who may
be affected by work activities. I will comply with the requirements of health and safety
legislation.

 Adequate resources will be provided to ensure all our people, the sub-
contractors and stakeholders are aware of this policy and committed to its
effective implementation.
 There will be active open communication and consultation between all works,
the sub-contractors and stakeholders. Health and safety will be integrated into
our communications, wherever appropriate.
 Roles and responsibilities for health and safety will be defined, as necessary,
within job descriptions or profiles.
 Health and safety is adequately assessed, controlled and monitored; and works
are actively involved on matters that affect health and safety.
 I will identify our workplace health and safety hazards. I will inform works, the
sub-contractors and stakeholders, as appropriate, of these workplace hazards.
 All our works will be adequately instructed and trained on the health and safety
issues that affect them, and the safe working practices that should be followed.
 I will assess the risks associated with health and safety hazards in the workplace.
All works will be informed of the health and safety hazards and risks that affect
their work. I will take action to prevent, reduce or control risks to an acceptable
level and reduce the potential for incidents and accidents. I will require our
subcontractors and stakeholders to identify health and safety risks that may
impact on our work activities.

 I will report and investigate accidents, incidents and near misses to drive
improvement in our health and safety management. Any lessons learned from
such events will be used to take corrective action to prevent recurrences.

Basic safety rules:

 Safety glasses will be worn as the minimum-required eye protection at all times.
Additional eye and face protection such as mono-goggles and face shields are
required for such operations as grinding, jack hammering, utilizing compressed
air or handling chemicals, acids and caustics.
 Hard hats will be worn by all employees on the project site at all times. The bill of
the hard hat will be worn in front at all times. Alterations or modifications of the
hat or liner are prohibited. Crane operators, when in an enclosed cab, have the
option of not wearing a hard hat due to the possible obstruction of view.

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  Full body harnesses and lanyards shall be worn and secured any time there is a
fall hazard of more than six (6) feet.
 Lifelines shall be erected to provide fall protection where work is required in
areas where permanent protection is not in place. Horizontal lifelines shall be a
minimum of 2-inch diameter wire rope. Vertical lifelines shall be 3/4 inch manila
rope or equivalent and shall be used in conjunction with an approved rope grab.
 Structural steel erectors are required to "hook up" with full body harness and
lanyard.
 All personnel will be required to attend safety meetings as stipulated by project
requirements in order to meet OSHA Safety Standards.
 Firearms, alcoholic beverages or illegal drugs are not allowed on company
property or in company vehicles at any time. When drugs are prescribed by a
physician, the Responsible Person must be informed. The use or possession of
illegal drugs or alcoholic beverages on the jobsite will result in immediate
termination.

Duties of doctor:

 Undertaking patient consultations and physical examinations. organising

workloads.
 Performing surgical procedures.
 Providing general pre- and post-operative care.
 Monitoring and administering medication.
 Assessing and planning treatment requirements.

Safety check list:

 Hard hats and safety glasses worn.

 Shirts with sleeves worn.
 Work shoes worn.
 Subcontractors' personnel hold safety meetings as indicated by project
requirements in accordance with OSHA Safety Standards.
 Work areas safe and clean.
 Safety mono-goggles/face shields worn when circumstances warrant.
 Electrical cords and equipment properly grounded with GFI's in place and
checked by a competent person.
 Regular disposal of trash.
 Passageways, driveways, and walkways clear.
 Adequate lighting.
 Oil and grease removed.
 Waste containers provided and used.
 Fire extinguishers charged and identified.
 No Smoking@ signs posted.

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  Flammable and combustible material storage area.
 Fuel containers labeled.
 Compressed gas cylinders secured in vertical position.
 Hoses inspected.
 Cylinders, caps, valves, couplings, regulators, and hoses free of oil and grease.
 Prohibition of the use of cranes or derricks to hoist employees on a personal
platform except in the situation where no safe alternative is possible.

Safety equipment check list:

Equipment should be checked at intervals in accordance with the applicable OSHA
Safety Standards by the Superintendent to ensure that all required equipment is present
and in good condition.

 Safety goggles, shields, and glasses.

 Hearing protection.
 Respirators.
 Hard hats.
 Fire extinguishers (properly charged).
 First aid kit (check list inside kit).
 Stretcher or stroke litter (tool room).
 Welding masks and goggles.

Statement of general Responsibilities of: Action/arrangements

policy name/title
To maintain safe and Talha Ensure that everyday
healthy working inspections of the place of
conditions. job are achieved, problems
and issues are recorded and
suitable movement is taken
by using control.
Ensure that incident and
shortage facts are
monitored and reviewed,
and action is taken whilst
appropriate.
To provide and maintain Sabir/construction Make certain that all new
plant, equipment and manager plant and gadget complies

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machinery with relevant health and
safety standards before it's
far bought and that it is fit
for reason.
Ensure that inspection and
maintenance programme is
advanced and carried out.
Maintain the site safety file Afzal/manager As job progresses gather
information from the
construction details.
To provide enough Sarmad/manager Identify and provide
training to make sure that relevant health and safety
the workers can do their tip, guidance and training.
work Ensure that a skilled level of
control is provided for all
staff members and young
workers.
To implement emergency Sabir/office manager Ensure that emergency
procedures in case of fire plans are examined and
or other significant progressed when required.
incidents.
To ensure safe storage/use Hamza/ construction Ensure before purchasing
of substances. manager any substances that the
least hazardous substance is
selected and that it can be
stored and used safely.

Task 2b

The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 requires you to provide
whatever information, instruction, training and supervision as is
necessary to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and
safety at work of your employees. The Health and Safety (Training for
Employment) Regulations1990 ensure that learners doing work
experience are covered by health and safety law.
Competence plays a very important role in ensuring functional safety. For a person to be
competent, they need qualifications, experience, and qualities appropriate to their
duties. As an HSE coordinator you have made health and safety policy for your
construction site, determine training needs in response to the risk assessments on site,

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including on-site induction training and relevant sector certification.

Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974

The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (also referred to as HSWA, the HSW Act, the
1974 Act or HASAWA) is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health
and safety in Great Britain. The Health and Safety Executive, with local authorities (and
other enforcing authorities) is responsible for enforcing the Act and a number of other
Acts and Statutory Instruments relevant to the working environment.

Among other provisions, the Act also requires:

 safe operation and maintenance of the working environment, plant and systems
 maintenance of safe access and egress to the workplace
 safe use, handling and storage of dangerous substances
 adequate training of staff to ensure health and safety
 adequate welfare provisions for staff at work

NEBOSH (National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health) is a UK-

based independent examination board delivering vocational qualifications in health,
safety & environmental practice and management.

OSHA: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, an agency of the US

government under the Department of Labour with the responsibility of ensuring safety
at work and a healthful work environment. OSHA's mission is to prevent work-related
injuries, illnesses and deaths.

As HSE coordinator I will apply the following policy on site:

Consult and involve the workforce. My employees and their representatives know first-
hand what the risks in the workplace are. They can probably offer Practical solutions to
controlling them.

 avoid the need for hazardous manual handling, so far as is reasonably

practicable;
 assess the risk of injury from any hazardous manual handling that can’t be
avoided;
 Reduce the risk of injury from hazardous manual handling, so far as is
reasonably practicable.

Awareness:

 Hard Hats –All employees are required to wear a hard hat on every job site at all
times.

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  Eye Protection - All employees are required to wear safety glasses on the job site
at all times.
 Fall Protection – All employees exposed to falls over 6ft are required to be
trained on and use proper fall protection. On scaffolds, the trigger height is 10ft.
For steel erection activities, the trigger height is 15 feet
 Hand Protection - All employees involved in operations exposing hands to cuts,
chemicals, burns, etc. are required to wear gloves.
 Rubber Boots - Employees involved in operations exposing the feet/legs to such
hazards as concrete burns during placing uncured concrete are required to wear
rubber boots in good condition.

Safety inspection:

Employees should participate in regular safety and health inspections

(daily/weekly/monthly/quarterly) to help identify potentially hazardous conditions
and unsafe actions and initiate corrections. Findings will be presented to
(name/title/safety and health committee) for review. Corrective action should be
implemented under the direction of (name/title) in a timely manner.

Risk profiling:

Effective leaders and line managers know the danger their organisations face, rank
them in order of importance and take a move to control them. The range of risks goes
beyond health and safety risks to incorporate quality, environmental and asset harm,
but issues in one area could affect in another.

Competence:

 Necessary training for the risk task that he is required to perform

 Knowledge for the hazards and failure of the equipment they are using
 Understanding for the work they are performing
 The ability to communicate with the staff and workers working on site
 Should know the limitations and constraints of their work.
 Competence is the ability to undertake obligations and perform exercises to a
recognized standard all the time. It combines practical and thinking skills,
knowledge and experience.
 Individual competence in construction consists of occupational skills and
knowledge, health & safety skills and knowledge, continuous improvement and
human factors such as situational- and risk-awareness
 An individual's qualifications can never relieve management and supervisors of
their duties and responsibilities

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  From a health & safety viewpoint, competence includes not just safety from
injury and death, but the prevention of occupational diseases and ill-health
 To be confident of competence, training must be supported by inspection and
refreshed at appropriate intervals.
 Supervisors need support and training on health & safety, person-management
skills, coaching and mentoring.

Training workers:

It is essential to ensure that staff are equipped with the knowledge, experience, skills
and training necessary to carry out their work in a safe manner, without causing harm
to themselves or others, and that they do indeed carry out the work in a safe manner.

 This starts with the appointment of workers, where the employer must ensure
that the person has all the necessary abilities to do the job safely
 He is competent. It would be courting disaster, for example, to engage a person
who was unable to read and then put him to work on complicated machinery
where there was a requirement to read and understand important operating
instructions.

Task 3a:

Hazards can be identified by direct observation; examining records;

conducting interview. Identify the hazards present on the
construction site.
For Hazard identifying and recording perspectives include the following:

• Environments

• Substances & chemical include asbestos, lead and crystalline silica;

• Workplace layout

• Work organization

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• Equipment

• Heights

• Electricity

Observation:

The Observation card used as an example includes a Behavior Observation Checklist,

Hazard ID, and Near Miss observations

A Behavior Based Safety program is intended to enable company employees to record

safety observations, most importantly, stopping of work that is unsafe.

Safety Observation Cycle:

1. Observe people

2. Analyze their work practices by focusing on safe and unsafe behaviors

3. Talk with them about safety

4. Actively correct and prevent unsafe acts and conditions

5. Reinforce safe behavior

6. Report your observations

Examination record:
 Indicate points that may be contribute the risk.
 Check health and safety information from valid sources.
 Determine actions that will eliminate the risk.
 Figure out the likelihood of an incident occurring and the likely severity it may
have to people and equipment.
 Record the action happening.
 View information about the hazards.
 Investigate the work so that any risk can be eliminated.
 Review if there are any other risk factors that may increase the possibility of
exposure. e.g. frequency

Conducting interview:
 Experienced personnel should conduct interviews

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  If possible the team assigned to this task should include an individual with a legal
background
 After interviewing all witnesses, the team should analyze each witness'
statement.
 Analyze this information along with data from the accident site
 Not all people react in the same manner to a particular stimulus
 A witness who has had a traumatic experience may not be able to recall the
details of the accident
 A witness who has a vested interest in the results of the investigation may offer
biased testimony.

Physical Hazards:

 Is there any noise in the workplace?

 Would workers be subject to vibrations?
 Are there any temperature extremes that could affect workers, equipment, or
materials?
 Are workers exposed to any radiation?
 Are workers working at times of day that could affect vision?

Chemical Hazards:

 Are workers exposed to anything that can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed into
the body?
 Are all chemicals labeled and classified properly?
 Are all workers that are dealing with chemicals trained or certified in handling
those specific chemicals?
 Are provisions supplied for possible chemical accidents?

Biological Hazards:
 Are workers exposed to living things or substances produced by living things
that can cause illness; through inhalation, ingestion or absorption?
 Is there proper disposal of biological hazards available?
 Are all workers that are dealing with those substances trained or certified in
handling?

Inspect the workplace for safety hazards:

Hazards can be introduced over time as workstations and processes change, equipment
or tools become worn, maintenance is neglected, or housekeeping practices decline.
Setting aside time to regularly inspect the workplace for hazards can help identify
shortcomings so that they can be addressed before an incident occurs.

How to accomplish it:

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  Conduct regular inspections of all operations, equipment, work areas and
facilities. Have workers participate on the inspection team and talk to them
about hazards that they see or report.
 Be sure to document inspections so you can later verify that hazardous
conditions are corrected. Take photos or video of problem areas to facilitate later
discussion and brainstorming about how to control them, and for use as learning
aids.
 Include all areas and activities in these inspections, such as storage and
warehousing, facility and equipment maintenance, purchasing and office
functions, and the activities of on-site contractors, subcontractors, and
temporary employees.
 Regularly inspect both plant vehicles (e.g., forklifts, powered industrial trucks)
and transportation vehicles (e.g., cars, trucks).

Conduct incident investigations:

 Workplace incidents including injuries, illnesses, close calls/near misses and

reports of other concerns provide a clear indication of where hazards exist.
 By thoroughly investigating incidents and reports, you will identify hazards that
are likely to cause future harm.
 The purpose of an investigation must always be to identify the root causes of the
incident or concern, in order to prevent future occurrences.

Task 3b:

Having identified the hazards, you then have to decide how likely it is
that harm will occur, i.e. the level of risk and what to do about it. Risk
is a part of everyday life and you are not expected to eliminate all
risks. What you must do is make sure you know about the main risks
and the things you need to do to manage them responsibly.
Make a risk assessment report for the above mentioned hazards on the
construction site. Note it down in a table format
What are the Who might be What are you Do you need to do
hazards? harmed and how? already doing? anything else to
manage this risk?

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Equipment Workers operating Hiring workers who Maintenance of the
equipment may be have experience of equipment.
harmed as these using equipment.
equipment generate
flying particles.

Chemical Workers and Hiring good Maintenance of

engineering staff experience workers. protective tools.
because this hazard Protective tools are  Gloves
can cause skin given.  Protective
irritation and damage glasses.
internal body parts.  mask
Working at height Workers who working Providing fall arrest Install safety nets
on height as much as system and guard
6 feet may fall by rails installed at
losing their balance or borders of slabs.
load.

Electrical hazards Workers and Providing safety tools Maintenance of tools

employees because are given and hiring like gloves, insulating
electricity can harm experience works. boots,
for electrical burns,
electric shocks.

Task 4a:

It has been reported in the bimonthly medical examination by site

doctor that, two workers fell ill they developed skin irritation and
their chest x-ray shows lung damage.
The cause is dust by grinding, silica and cement inappropriate handling.

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 Review the policy that you have made in accordance to this health hazard.
Define how and why your previous policy did not include the precautionary
measures and what do you suggest in future. Suggest what preventive
measures you have offered and what further changes in work routine and
monitoring procedures you suggest.

Make it a proper accident investigation report; determine the

consequences the workers faced who was at fault and what preventive
measures you suggest.

According to the given scenario two works ill and their bio monthly medical report
given by the doctor shows that they have skin problem and their x rays shows that their
lung are also damage due to dust particles generated by grinding of silica and cement.

Figure 13 x-ray Figure 12 skin irritation

Incident details

Name of person involved in the incident: Two workers Date of incident: 28th sep

Location of incident: Bahria Golf city

Incident investigation team:

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HSE Coordinator On site Doctor

HSE officer

What task was being performed at the time of the incident?

Grinding of cement and silica was being done

What happened? (e.g. ‘employee tripped over box’ or ‘forklift hit wall’)

Two workers fell ill and they developed skin irritation and their chest x-ray shows lung damage.

The cause is dust by grinding, silica and cement inappropriate handling.

What factors contributed to the incident?

Environment: Equipment/materials:

 Wrong equipment for

 Noise  Layout / design  Equipment failure
the job

 Inadequate  Material/ equipment too

 Lighting  Dust / fume
maintenance heavy / awkward

 Inadequate training
 Vibration  Slip / trip hazard  Inadequate guarding
provided

 Damaged / unstable
 Other  Other
floor

Work systems: People:

 Procedure not
 No / inadequate risk
 Hazard not identified followed / no  Drugs / alcohol
assessment conducted
procedure exists

 No
/ inadequate safe  No / inadequate  Time/ production
 Fatigue
work procedure controls implemented pressures

 Inadequate
 Distraction / personal
 Hazard not reported training /  Change of routine
issues / stress
supervision

 Lack
of
 Other  Other
communication

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Corrective actions:

Contributing factor What are we going to

do to fix the Who When Completion date
(from above list) problem?

Dust / fume

Inadequate training
provided

Inadequate training /
supervision

Other

Policy appraisal and apprise:

Statement general of policy Responsibility/ name What are the arrangements
actions you going to take?
To ensure dust free Sabir khan With the machinery that is
environment for the workers present, along with
combustible chemicals and
welding operations, there is
always a possibility of fire and
dust pollution on a

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 construction site I will take
actions to prevent them.
To implement arrangements for Talha I will deliver ear plugs or muffs
safe use of chemicals used on for working in noisy areas and
construction site protective gloves when
dealing with toxic chemicals
on workplace
To ensure enhanced medical Afzal I will kept open flames away
unit on future from construction sites
because of the presence of
flammable materials and I will
train workers to use the latest
emergency equipment

Task 4b:

Justify the effectiveness of the implemented changes you made in the

Health and safety policy
 After conducting interviews from all workers and providing them all safety
equipment the risk of that kind of incident is reduced. After changing the policy
now workers feel freely to ask about everything they need regarding to safety.
 The workers will feel demotivated and not important to the contractor if they are
not protected from such health related issues. There will be high absence rate
and the productivity we will be low.
 There will be reduction in cost the contractor as abiding by health and safety
laws and taking action according to it will reduce chance of legal action against
contractor.
 Implementing these changes will bring a positive image of the contractor in the
judgment of the public. It will raise the reputation of contractor and the
contractor may attract more clients thus helping in getting projects and
increasing its profitability.

Benefits to the company:

Protection of staff:

Effective health and safety practices help you protect your staff from injury. This may
mean you are more likely to retain skilled and loyal employees by preventing:

 Back pain and other musculoskeletal disorders – e.g. upper limb disorders
 Injuries from slips and trips
 Falls from height
 Accidents involving vehicles at work
 Aches, pains and strain from using display screen equipment

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Looking after your employees' health will mean that your staff are less likely to suffer
from:

 The effects of noise and vibration

 Asthma
 Work-related skin disease
 Asbestos-related illness

Reduced absences and sick leaves:

Another benefit of good health and safety measures at work is that employees are less
likely to take sick leave. This saves the business the direct and indirect costs of staff
absence.

Retain staff:

If you reduce staff absence due to illness or accidents at work, you will save the time
and costs of recruiting and training a new member of staff.

Reputation:

Good health and safety measures will help you to build a positive reputation with your
clients and staff and their friends and associates. The resulting good public relations
could help to increase sales and generate more leads.

Productivity and profits:

Good health and safety measures mean that your staff can do their work more easily
and safely. This will boost morale, increase productivity and reduce costs.

Save insurance and legal costs:

A good standard of health and safety in the workplace can reduce your insurance
premiums, as well as the costs of accidents that aren't covered by your insurance, such
as sick pay, production delays or repairs to plant or equipment. Uninsured costs can be
greater than insured costs, and they have to be paid out of your business' income.

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Task 5a:

You are required to take risk assessment on an oil field plant at

Quetta Baluchistan Pakistan. Near Quetta an oil well is being drilled
by Pakistan Petroleum Limited PPL. They have established a working
rig on the marked well site. You are appointed as their HSE officer
enlist the Hazards present and produce risk assessment accordingly
and present solutions.
Introduction:
Pakistan Petroleum Limited (Reporting name: PPL or PP) is a multinational, global
competitive and one of the largest state-owned megacorporation of Pakistan. It was
incorporated on 5 June 1950, when it inherited the assets and liabilities of the Burmah
Oil Company Ltd. which initially holds 70% of the share with the rest mostly held by the
government of Pakistan (GoP). As of June 2011, GoP held 70.66% of the shares.

 The company is headquartered in Karachi. It operates major oil and gas fields,
including the Sui gas field, has non-operating interests in other fields, and has an
interest in an exploration portfolio onshore and offshore.
 The company is now planning international exploration in partnership mode.

Figure 14 petroleum plant

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 This is the statement of general policy and arrangements for: Name of company: Pakistan Petroleum Limited PPL.

(Name of Employer/Senior manager) Iqbal has overall and final responsibility for health and safety

(Member of staff) has day-to-day responsibility for ensuring this policy is put into practice

Statement of general policy Responsibility of: Action/Arrangements (What are you going to do?)
Name/Title
To provide and maintain safe plant and Iqbal/manager To check the equipment’s regularly to be free from any
equipment. hazard.
To provide adequate control of the health and Iqbal/manager Create a hazard free environment.
safety risks arising from work activities.
To consult with employees on health and safety. Iqbal/manager Conduct regular meetings on health and safety.
Seminars for workers should also be conducted to alert them
from hazard free environment and train them to maintain
their and other people’s health and safety.

To ensure safe lifting and use of substance. Iqbal/manager Trained workers should lift any substance so that no worker
is in risk.

To protect the environment by reducing the Iqbal/manager Less hazardous products should be used and produced to
production of waste. keep the environment free from pollution.

To maintain safe and healthy working Iqbal/manager Toilet, washing facilities and drinking water, should be
conditions. provided in the workplace.

To review and revise the policy regularly. Iqbal/manager The policy should be reviewed by the health and safety
officer on regular basis.
RISK ASSESSMENT ON AN OIL FIELD PLANT AT QUETTA BALUCHISTAN PAKISTAN:

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 What are Who might be harmed and What are you already doing? Do you need to do anything Action by Action by
the how? else to control this risk? who? when?
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 hazards?

Damage to Workers or staff members may Distance between most tanks Supervision during all Manager From now
tank, be harmed. containing product and demolition demolition activities.
pipelines, activities. A assessment is need to be
building or completed to formulate a
machinery hazard control plan to high risk
due to any activities.
type of Change the risk methodology
collapse or to lower the risk of equipment
explosion. damage.
Working at Workers Proper protective equipments are Proper training should be Manager From now
heights. provided given.
Working Workers It is a proper working platform. Self-inflating vests should be Manager From now
over water provided.
results in
drowning.
Exposure to Workers The activities are being monitored. Dust control requirement Manager From now
hazardous should be included in safety
material or management plan and
skin contact demolition environment
with management plan.
injurious
chemical
while
demolition
activities.

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 RISK ASESSMENT OF A HOSPITAL:
This is the statement of general policy and arrangements for: NAME OF HOSPITAL: RELIANCE HOSPITAL

(Name of Employer/Business manager) sabir has overall and final responsibility for health and safety

Heath and safety officer : afzal has day-to-day responsibility for ensuring this policy is put into practice

Statement of general policy Responsibility of: Action/Arrangements (What are you going to do?)
Name/Title

To provide adequate control of the Health and sabir/Business Manager Make sure the work place is free from hazards.
Safety risks arising from our work activities
To provide and maintain safe equipment sabir/Business Manager Ensure always equipment’s are clean and are hygienic enough to
use.
To ensure safe handling and use of hazardous sabir/Business Manager Protective equipment should be provided.
substances
To consult with our employees on matters sabir/Business Manager Supervision of work placement monitored by the Health and
affecting their health and safety Safety officers.

To maintain safe and healthy working conditions sabir/Business Manager Toilet, drinking water, washing facilities should be availed every
time when needed.

To implement emergency evacuation procedures sabir/Business Manager Escape route should be kept clear always.
in case of fire or other significant incident

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 RISK ASESSMENT OF HAZARDS:

What are Who might be harmed What are you already Do you need to do Action by
the hazards? and how? doing? anything else to control who?
this risk?
slips and trips Staff and patients may be All areas well lit, including stairs. Arrange proper cleaners for Hospital
injured if they trip over objects. No trailing leads or cables. the floor. admin

Faulty electrical Employees nurses or any patient Electrical equipment’s are free. Equipment shall be used in Hospital
equipment/mac may harm due to any failure or Personal protective equipment’s are accordance to given admin
hinery or misuse of equipment. provided. instructions.
wiring.  Determine that all electrical
products near sources of
water are properly grounded
to prevent any electrical
shock.
Ensure all employees are
trained.

Fire can occur Staff patients visitors may be Many exit routes to escape from the Exits must discharge to a safe Hospital
from many harmed work environment. area. admin
different Exit has much capacity for escape Exit doors must be unlocked.
sources of many peoples. Proper fire protection should
be available in the hospital.
Noise exposure Staff and patients Proper maintenance of equipment, The amount of sound should Hospital
equipment replacement is done. be released by noise sources. admin
Personal protective equipment
should be provided.
Stress Staff Stress management programs are Construct regular staff Hospital
established for the members. meetings and gain support admin
share innovative ideas which
can relax the peoples.
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 Provide reasonable shift
schedules for the staff.

Hazardous Staff, patients or visitor The workers are trained about Clearly label all hazardous Hospital
Chemicals potential chemical hazards and chemicals. admin
controls. Provide appropriate PPE.
First aid and medical services are
availed in the hospital.
Patients Appropriate trained employees Employer should ensure that Hospital
Bloodborne have occupational exposure to the Exposure Control Plan is admin
Pathogens bloodborne pathogens. available to all employees.
Identify employees who have
occupational exposure to
blood

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