Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the different essential elements: the

introduction, which contains the rationale (an explanation of the

reasons for the conduct of the research; the statement of general

and specific problems; sub-variables and the indicators; the

significance of the study which enumerates the beneficiaries of

the study the corresponding benefits each will receive; and

lastly, the definition of terms.

Quality sexual health education (SHE) provides students with

the knowledge and skills to help them be healthy and avoid human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted diseases

(STD), and unintended pregnancy. A SHE curriculum includes

medically accurate, developmentally appropriate, and culturally

relevant content and skills that target key behavioral outcomes

and promote healthy sexual development. The curriculum is age-

appropriate and planned across grade levels to provide

information about health risk behaviors and experiences. Sexual

health education should be consistent with scientific research

and best practices; reflect the diversity of student experiences

and identities; and align with school, family, and community

priorities.
 Garcia College of Technology, Inc. is the setting of the

study where in students are given good quality education in

preparation for the future. As part of learning, the institution

can implement to help prevent HIV, STDs, and unintended pregnancy

among adolescents. It includes quality health education, systems

that connect students to health services, and safer and more

supportive school environments. This info brief focuses on

delivering quality sexual health education—a systematic,

effective way schools can provide adolescents the essential

knowledge and critical skills needed to decrease sexual risk

behaviors.

Sex education is a broad term used to describe education

about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual

intercourse, and other aspects of human sexual behavior (Science

Daily, 2012).

According to the US Universal Declaration of Rights as cited

by Avert(2012), sex education is a “right for every young people,

because it is a way of helping them protect themselves against

abuse, exploitation, unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted

disease including HIV and AIDS.” Furthermore, Avert also said

that “Sex education aims to reduce the risk of potentially

negative outcomes from sexual behavior, such as unwanted or

diseases.”

Studies showed that the lack of sexual education in the

Philippines is a large issue. The Philippines is very

overpopulated with many unwanted pregnancies. In the Philippines,

the National Youth Commission (NYC) as cited by SunStar Cagayan

de Oro (2012) said that the rate of teenage pregnancy in the

Philippines has reached alarming proportions, having increased

70% over the past years, from 14,205 in 1999 to 195,662 in 2009.

Furthermore, the annual report of the United Nations Population

funds in 2011 as cited by Philippine News Agency (2012) said that

”At 53 births per 1,000 women aged between 15 and 19, the teenage

pregnancy rate in the Philippines is the highest among ASEAN's

six major economic.” Furthermore, the National Statistics Office,

as cited by De la Cruz in 2009, presented figures in which 26.7%

of women who give birth to their first child in 2010 are 15 to 19

years old.

With the abovementioned scenarios and situations, it is the

main objective of the researchers to determine the exposure of

Garcia College of Technology, Inc. Junior High School students to

sex education, as well as to identify students’ perceptions of

access to sexual health advice and their preferences for

implementing sex education. Therefore, the research findings will

on Sex Education and to give a background on their current sexual

knowledge, behaviors and opinions. 

This study is mainly for the purpose of raising and giving

awareness to the future readers, especially the Junior High

School students, is to inform youth on topics including sex,

sexuality and bodily development.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the exposure of Garcia College

of Technology, Inc. Junior High School students to sex education,

as well as to identify students’ perceptions of access to sexual

health advice and their preferences for implementing sex

education.

This study specifically seeks to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex,

grade level, and section?

2. What are the perspectives of the Junior High School students

of Garcia College of Technology, Inc. on Sex Education?

Figure 1 shows the Independent and Dependent Variables of the

study.

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Profile of the
Respondents:
Perception on Sex
a. Age Education
b. Sex
c. Grade Level
d. Section

Figure 1. Perception on Sex Education as influenced by the age,

sex, grade level, and section of the respondents.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study will be beneficial to the

following: students, parents, governments, teachers and future

researchers.

Definition of Terms

For the purposes of clarity and interpretation, the

following terms are defined conceptually and operationally:

Garcia College of Technology – is a private educational

institution in Kalibo, Aklan. It was founded by 1968 by Don

Florencio M. Garcia and Doña Reyes Garcia. The School was

Aklan and other provinces in Western Visayan and later on to

produce professionals in the field of technology Enrica

(https://www.edukasyon.ph/schools/garcia-college-of-technology).

In this study, Garcia College of Technology, Inc. is the

department where the respondents are enrolled and the setting in

which the study is conducted.

Junior High School - is an educational stage that lasts for

4 years from Grades 7 to 10 for students age 12 to 16

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_school).

In this study, Junior High School refers to the current

level of education of the students, which are the participants of

the study.

Perception - is the act or faculty of perceiving, or

apprehending by means of the senses or of the mind, cognition,

understanding (https://www.dictionary.com/browse/perception).

In this study, perception is refers to the ability which are

the participants involves his or her reaction and response to the

action in the topic.

Sex Education - is the provision of information about bodily

development, sex, sexuality, and relationships, along with skill

building to help young people communicate about and make informed

(https://www.advocatesforyouth.org/).

In this study, Sex Education is an additional idea which

develops and gives provision in making informed decision

regarding through their sexual health in the topic.

Students - a person formally engaged in learning, especially

one enrolled in a school or college; pupil

(https://www.dictionary.com/browse/student).

Students are one of the dependent variable in the study. It

is a variable that can give data to the topic.