HOSPITAL MANAGMENT SYSTEM

A Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
Requirements of the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)

BY

Sheetal Ramashankar Gaud

(4023253)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs. Prachi Sankhe

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

YASHWANT RAO CHAVAN COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE AND

SCIENCE
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Navi Mumbai, 400709
MAHARASHTRA

2022-2023
 YASHWANT RAO CHAVAN COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE AND
SCIENCE
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Navi Mumbai- MAHARASHTRA-400709

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled,” Hospital Management System”, is bonafide work
of SHEETAL RAMASHANKAR GAUD bearing Seat NO; 4023253 submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE in
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY from University of Mumbai.

Internal Guide Coordinator

External Examiner

Date: College Seal

 Abstract

The project Hospital Management System include registration of patients, storing their details
into the system, and also computerized billing in the pharmacy, and labs. The software has
the facility to give a unique id for every patient and the staff automatically. It includes a
search facility to know the current status of each room. User can search availability of a
doctor and the details of a patient using the id. The Hospital Management System can be
entered using a username and password. It is accessible either by an administrator or
receptionist. Only they can add data into the database. The data can be retrieved easily. The
interface is very user friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data
processing very fast. Hospital management system is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and
is designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals. Hospitals
Management system is a software product suite designed to improve the quality and
management of hospitals management in the area of clinical process analysis and activity-
based costing. Hospitals management system enables you to develop your organization and
improve its effectiveness and quality of work. Managing the key processes efficiently is
critical to the success of the hospital helps you manage your processes.

i
 ACNOWLEDGMENT
I sincerely express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide Mrs. Prachi Sankhe, for her
valuable guidance, continuous encouragement and support whenever required and Head of
Department of Computer Technology Prof. Triveni Kaul, for his valuable guidance,
encouragement and timely help given to me throughout the course of this work.

I also would like to take this opportunity to thank our whole-heartedly Honourable Principal
Dr. Laxman Talnikar and our Faculties of Computer Technology department who have
imparted valuable teaching and guidance that has inspired me to attain new goals.

ii
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled, “Hospital Management System” done at
Koparkhairne, has not been in any case duplicated to submit to any other university for the
award of any degree. To the best of my knowledge other than me, no one has submitted to
any other university.

The project is done in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the requirements for the award
of degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATIN TECHNOLOGY) to be
submitted as final semester project as part of our curriculum.

Sheetal Ramashankar Gaud

(Signature of Student)

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr No Content Page No
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Problem Introduction
1.3 Modules in the Project
1.3.1 Admin Module
1.3.2 User Module
1.3.3 Doctor Module
Chapter 2: Requirement Specification
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Hardware Requirement
2.3 Software Requirement
Chapter 3: Analysis
3.1 Existing System
3.2 Proposed System
3.3 Feasibility Study
3.3.1 Economic Feasibility
3.3.2 Technical Feasibility
3.3.3 Operational Feasibility
3.4 Software Specifications
3.4.1 HTML
3.4.2 CSS
3.4.3 MySQL
3.4.4 JavaScript
3.4.5 PHP
Chapter 4: Design and Implementation
4.1 Class Diagram

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 4.2 Use Case Diagram
4.3 Sequence Diagram
4.4 Activity Diagram
4.5 Deployment Diagram
Chapter 5: Testing
5.1 Introduction to System Testing
5.2 Modular Testing
5.2.1 Doctor Module
5.2.2 Patient Module
5.2.3 Appointment Module
Chapter 6: Coding and Snapshots
6.1 Implementation approaches
6.1.1 Code
6.1.2 Snapshots
Chapter 7: Conclusion
Chapter 8: References

v
 List of Figures

Figure No Name of Diagram Page No

1 Class Diagram

2 Use Case Diagram

3 Sequence Diagram

4 Activity Diagram

5 Deployment Diagram

vi
 Chapter 1
Introduction

1
1.1 Introduction:

The project Hospital Management system includes registration of patients, storing their
details into the system, and also computerized billing in the pharmacy, and labs. The software
has the facility to give a unique id for every patient and stores the details of every patient and
the staff automatically. It includes a search facility to know the current status of each room.
User can search availability of a doctor and the details of a patient using the id.

The Hospital Management System can be entered using a username and password. It is
accessible either by an administrator or receptionist. Only they can add data into the database.
The data can be retrieved easily. The interface is very user-friendly. The data are well
protected for personal use and makes the data processing very fast.

Hospital Management System is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and is designed and
developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals.

Hospital Management System is designed for multi-speciality hospitals, to cover a wide

range of hospital administration and management processes. It is an integrated end-to-end
Hospital Management System that provides relevant information across the hospital to
support effective decision making for patient care, hospital administration and critical
financial accounting, in a seamless flow.

Hospital Management System is a software product suite designed to improve the quality and
management of hospital management in the areas of clinical process analysis and activity-
based costing. Hospital Management System enables you to develop your organization and
improve its effectiveness and quality of work. Managing the key processes efficiently is
critical to the success of the hospital helps you manage your processes

2
1.2 Problem Introduction:
Lack of immediate retrievals: -

The information is very difficult to retrieve and to find particular information like- E.g. - To
find out about the patient’s history, the user has to go through various registers. This results in
in convenience and wastage of time.

Lack of immediate information storage: -

The information generated by various transactions takes time and efforts to be stored at right
place.

Lack of prompt updating: -

Various changes to information like patient details or immunization details of child are
difficult to make as paper work is involved.

Error prone manual calculation: -

Manual calculations are error prone and take a lot of time this may result in incorrect
information. For example, calculation of patient’s bill based on various treatments.

Preparation of accurate and prompt reports: -

This becomes a difficult task as information is difficult to collect from various register.

Objective: -

1) Define hospital
2) Recording information about the Patients that come.
3) Generating bills.
4) Recording information related to diagnosis given to patients.
5) Keeping record of the immunization provided to children/patients.
6) Keeping information about various diseases and medicines available to cure them.

These are the various jobs that need to be done in a hospital by the operational staff and
Doctors. All these works are done on papers.

3
Scope of the Project: -

 Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender.
Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly.
 Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to Patient on a
separate sheet and at last they all are summed up.
 Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which
contains Patient information. It is destroyed after some time period to decrease the
paper load in the office.
 Immunization records of children are maintained in pre-formatted sheets, which are
kept in a file.
 Information about various diseases is not kept as any document. Doctors themselves
do this job by remembering various medicines.

All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and lot of
papers are needed to be handled and taken care of. Doctors have to remember various
medicines available for diagnosis and sometimes miss better alternatives as they can’t
remember them at that time.

1.3 MODULES:

The entire project mainly consists of 7 modules, which are

 Admin module
 User module (patient)
 Doctor module

1.3.1 Admin module:

 manage department of hospitals, user, doctor, nurse, pharmacist, laboratories accounts.

 watch appointment of doctors
 watch transaction reports of patient payment
 Bed, ward, cabin status
 watch blood bank report
 watch medicine status of hospital stock

4
  watch operation report
 watch birth report
 watch diagnosis report
 watch death report

1.3.2 user module(patient):

 View appointment list and status with doctors

 View prescription details
 View medication from doctor
 View doctor list
 View blood bank status
 View operation history
 View admits history. like bed, ward ICU etc
 Manage own profile

1.3.3 Doctor module:

 Manage patient. account opening and updating

 Create, manage appointment with patient
 Create prescription for patient
 Provide medication for patients
 Issue for operation of patients and creates operation report
 Manage own profile

5
 Chapter 2
Requirement Specification

6
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or the other
software resources to be present on a computer. These pre-requisites are known as(computer)
system requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute rule. Most
software defines two sets of system requirements: minimum and recommended. With
increasing demand for higher processing power and resources in newer versions of software,
system requirements tend to increase over time. Industry analysts suggest that this trend plays
a bigger part in driving upgrades to existing computer systems than technological
advancements.

2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software
application is the physical computer resources, also known as hardware. A hardware
requirements list is often accompanied by a hardware compatibility list (HCL), especially in
case of operating systems. An HCL lists tested, compatibility and sometimes incompatible
hardware devices for a particular operating system or application. The following sub-sections
discuss the various aspects of hardware requirements.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENT PROJECT:

PROCESSOR : Intel dual Core ,i3

RAM : 1 GB

HARD DISK : 80 GB

7
2.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Software Requirements deal with defining software resource requirements and pre-requisites
that need to be installed on a computer to provide optimal functioning of an application.
These requirements or pre-requisites are generally not included in the software installation
package and need to be installed separately before the software is installed.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENT PROJECT:

OPERATING SYSTEM : Windows 7/ XP/8

FRONT END : HTML,CSS ,Java script.

SERVER SIDE SCRIPT : PHP

DATABASE : MySQL

8
Chapter 3
Analysis

9
3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM:

Hospitals currently use a manual system for the management and maintenance of critical
information. The current system requires numerous paper forms, with data stores spread
throughout the hospital management infrastructure. Often information is incomplete or does
not follow management standards. Forms are often lost in transit between departments
requiring a comprehensive auditing process to ensure that no vital information is lost.
Multiple copies of the same information exist in the hospital and may lead to inconsistencies
in data in various data stores.

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The Hospital Management System is designed for any hospital to replace their existing
manual paper-based system. The new system is to control the information of patients. Room
availability, staff and operating room schedules and patient invoices. These services are to be
provided in an efficient, cost-effective manner, with the goal of reducing the time and
resources currently required for such tasks.

3.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analysed in this phase and business proposal is put forth with
a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system analysis the
feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the
proposed system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding
of the major requirements for the system is essential.
Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are:

10
3.3.1 Economic Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the economic impact will have on the system will have on
the organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and
development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the developed
system as well within the budget and this was achieved because most of the technologies
used are freely available. Only the customised products have to be purchased.

3.3.2 Technical Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical requirements
of the system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the available technical
resources. This will lead to high demands being placed on the client. The developed system
must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or null changes for the implementing this
system.

3.3.3 Operational Feasibility

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This
includes the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not
feel threatened by the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The level of
acceptance by the users solely depends on the methods that are employed to educate the
user about the system and to make him familiar with it. His level of confidence must be
raised so that he is also able to make some constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as
he is the final user of the system.

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3.4 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

3.4.1 HTML:

HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web

pages.

HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle

brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>,
although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The
first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also
called opening tags and closing tags. Though not always necessary, it is best practice to
append a slash to tags which are not paired with a closing tag.

The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or
audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to
interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website
semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than
a programming language.

HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to
create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such
as JavaScript which affect the behaviour of HTML web pages.

3.4.2 CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS):

It is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written
in a markup language. While most often used to style web pages and interfaces written
in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind of XML document,
including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and
almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts.[1] This separation can

12
 improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity
and repetition in the structural content .

CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different
rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based
browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow
the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is
being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS file,
readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one
the author has specified. However, if the author or the reader did not link the document to a
specific style sheet the default style of the browser will be applied.

3.4.3 MySQL:

MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a

database system used on the web it runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large
applications. It is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. It supports standard SQL. MySQL can
be compiled on a number of platforms. The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a
collection of related data, and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing
information categorically.

3.4.3.1 FEATURES OF MySQL:

Internals and portability:

 Written in C and C++.

 Tested with a broad range of different compilers.
 Works on many different platforms.
 Tested with Purify (a commercial memory leakage detector) as well as with Val grind, a
GPL tool.
 Uses multi-layered server design with independent modules.

13
 Security:
 A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and that enables host-
based verification.
 Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a server.

Scalability and Limits:

 Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with databases that contain 50 million
records. We also know of users who use MySQL Server with 200,000 tables and about
5,000,000,000 rows.
 Support for up to 64 indexes per table (32 before MySQL 4.1.2). Each index may consist
of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width is 767 bytes
for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM; before MySQL 4.1.2, the limit is 500 bytes. An
index may use a prefix of a column for CHAR, VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT column types.

CONNECTIVITY:
Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols:

 Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.

 On Windows systems in the NT family (NT, 2000, XP, 2003, or Vista), clients can
connect using named pipes if the server is started with the --enable-named-
pipe option. In MySQL 4.1 and higher, Windows servers also support shared-
memory connections if started with the --shared-memory option. Clients can connect
through shared memory by using the --protocol=memory option.

 On UNIX systems, clients can connect using Unix domain socket files.

LOCALIZATION:
 The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
 All data is saved in the chosen character set.

14
3.4.3.2 CLIENTS AND TOOLS:

 MySQL includes several client and utility programs. These include both
command-line programs such as mysqldump and mysqladmin, and graphical
programs such as MySQL Workbench.
 MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements to check, optimize, and
repair tables. These statements are available from the command line through
the mysqlcheck client. MySQL also includes myisamchk, a very fast command-
line utility for performing these operations on MyISAM tables.
 MySQL programs can be invoked with the --help or -? option to obtain online
assistance.

3.4.3.3 WHY TO USE MySQL:

• Leading open-source RDBMS

• Ease of use – No frills

• Fast

• Robust

• Security

• Multiple OS support

• Free

• Technical support

• Support large database– up to 50 million rows, file size limit up to 8 million TB

3.4.4 JAVASCRIPT:

JavaScript is the scripting language of the Web. All modern HTML pages are using
JavaScript. A scripting language is a lightweight programming language. JavaScript code can
be inserted into any HTML page, and it can be executed by all types of web browsers.
JavaScript is easy to learn.

15
3.4.4.1 WHY TO USE JAVASCRIPT:

JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn:

1. HTML to define the content of web pages

2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages
3. JavaScript to specify the behaviour of web pages

Example

x = document.getElementById("demo");  //Find the HTML element with id="demo"

x.innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript";     //Change the content of the HTML element

document.getElementById() is one of the most commonly used HTML DOM methods.

3.4.4.2 OTHER USES OF JAVASCRIPT:

 Delete HTML elements

 Create new HTML elements
 Copy HTML elements

 In HTML, JavaScript is a sequence of statements that can be executed by the web

browser.

3.4.4.3 JAVASCRIPT STATEMENTS:

 JavaScript statements are "commands" to the browser.

 The purpose of the statements is to tell the browser what to do.
 This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello Dolly" inside an HTML
element with id="demo": Semicolon;
 Semicolon separates JavaScript statements.
 Normally you add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement.
 Using semicolons also makes it possible to write many statements on one line.

3.4.4.4 JAVASCRIPT CODE:

 JavaScript code (or just JavaScript) is a sequence of JavaScript statements.

 Each statement is executed by the browser in the sequence they are written.

16
  This example will manipulate two HTML elements:
 Example
 document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="Hello Dolly";
document.getElementById("myDIV").innerHTML="How are you?";

3.4.4.5 JAVASCRIPT PROPERTIES:

 Properties are the values associated with a JavaScript object.

 A JavaScript object is a collection of unordered properties.

 Properties can usually be changed, added, and deleted, but some are read only.

3.4.5 PHP:

3.4.5.1 WHAT IS PHP?

 PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Pre-processor"

 PHP is a widely-used, open-source scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use

3.4.5.2 WHAT IS PHP FILE?

 PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
 PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain
HTML
 PHP files have extension ".php"

3.4.5.3 WHAT CAN PHP DO?

 PHP can generate dynamic page content

 PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website

17
  PHP can encrypt data

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even
Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.

3.4.5.4 WHY PHP?

 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP supports a wide range of databases
 PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

18
 Chapter 4
Design And Implementation

19
4.1 Class Diagram

A class diagram in the Unified Modelling Language (UML)  is a type of static structure
diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their
attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects.

20
4.2 Use Case Diagram

Use case diagrams are usually referred to as behaviour diagrams used to describe a set of

actions that some system or systems should or can perform in collaboration with one or
more external users of the system. Each use case should provide some observable and
valuable result to the actors or other stakeholders of the system.

21
4.3 Sequence Diagram

A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts the

objects and classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages exchanged
between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario. Sequence
diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams or event scenarios.

22
4.4 Activity Diagram

Activity diagram is another important diagram in UML to describe the dynamic aspects of the
system. Activity diagram is basically a flowchart to represent the flow from one activity to
another activity. The activity can be described as an operation of the system. The control flow
is drawn from one operation to another.

23
4.5 Deployment Diagram

A deployment diagram is a UML diagram type that shows the execution architecture of a

system, including nodes such as hardware or software execution environments, and the
middleware connecting them. Deployment diagrams are typically used to visualize the
physical hardware and software of a system.

After designing the new system, the whole system is required to be converted into computer
understanding language. Coding the new system into computer programming language does
this. It is an important stage where the defined procedures are transformed into control
specifications by the help of a computer language. This is also called the programming phase
in which the programmer converts the program specifications into computer instructions,
which we refer as programs. The programs coordinate the data movements and control the
entire process in a system.
It is generally felt that the programs must be modular in nature. This helps in fast
development, maintenance and future change, if required.
The validity and proper functionality of all the modules of the developed application is
assured during the process of implementation. Implementation is the process of assuring that
the information system is operational and then allowing user to take over its operation for use
and evaluation.

24
Chapter 5
Testing

25
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM TESTING:
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every
conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality
of components, sub-assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of
exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its
requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are
various types of tests. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

TYPES OF TESTING:
Unit testing:
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is
functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches
and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests
perform basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application,
and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process
performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and
expected results.

Integration testing:

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they
actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic
outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were
individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of
components is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing
the problems that arise from the combination of components.

Functional test:
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user
manuals.

26
Functional testing is cantered on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions : identified functions must be exercised.

Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.

Systems/Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or

special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process
flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for
testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective
value of current tests is determined.

System Test:
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests
a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the
configuration-oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process
descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.

White Box Testing:

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge of the
inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It
is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.

Black Box Testing:

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings,
structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests,

27
must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements
document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the
software under test is treated, as a black box. you cannot “see” into it. The test provides
inputs and responds to outputs without considering how the software works.

Test strategy and approach

Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail.

Test objectives
 All field entries must work properly.
 Pages must be activated from the identified link.
 The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.

Features to be tested
 Verify that the entries are of the correct format
 No duplicate entries should be allowed

 All links should take the user to the correct page.

Integration Testing:
Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more integrated
software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface defects.

The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications, e.g.,
components in a software system or – one step up – software applications at the company
level – interact without error.

Test Results:

All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

Acceptance Testing:
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant
participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional
requirements.

28
Test Results:

All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

5.2 Module Testing

5.1.2 Doctor Module:

Process Name : Doctor list

Process Number : 1.1
Input : Doctor Number – Select from List
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : Records Not Found – if no records in database

Process Name : Add Doctor

Process Number : 1.2
Input : Name
: Specialization
Output : Status Message
: Doctor Number (ID)
Error Condition : Name Can’t be Empty
: Specialization Can’t be Empty

Process Name : Delete Doctor

Process Number : 1.3
Input : Doctor Number (ID)
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : None

29
 Process Name : Modify Doctor
Process Number : 1.4
Input : Doctor Number (ID)
: Name
: Specialization
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : Name Can’t be Empty
: Specialization Can’t be Empty

Process Name : Undelete Doctor

Process Number : 1.5
Input : Doctor Number (ID)
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : None

5.1.2 Patient Modules:

Process Name : Patient list

Process Number : 2.1
Input : Patient Number – Select from List
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : Records Not Found – if no records in database

Process Name : Add Patient

30
Process Number : 2.2
Input : Name
: Sex
: Address
Output : Status Message
: Patient Number (ID)
Error Condition : Name Can’t be Empty
: Address Can’t be Empty

Process Name : Delete Patient

Process Number : 2.3
Input : Patient Number (ID)
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : None

Process Name : Modify Patient

Process Number : 2.4
Input : Patient Number (ID)
: Name
: Sex
: Address
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : Name Can’t be Empty
: Address Can’t be Empty

Process Name : Undelete Patient

31
 Process Number : 1.5
Input : Patient Number (ID)
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : None

5.1.3 Appointment Module:

Process Name : Appointment List

Process Number : 3.1
Input : Doctor Number
Output : Appointment with Patient Details
Error Condition : Records Not Found – if no records in database

Process Name : Add Appointment

Process Number : 3.2
Input : Doctor Number
: Patient Number
: Slot Schedule
Output : Status Message
: Appointment Number (ID)
Error Condition : None

Process Name : Delete Appointment

Process Number : 3.3
Input : Appointment Number (ID)
Output : Status Message

32
Error Condition : None

Process Name : Modify Appointment

Process Number : 2.4
Input : Appointment Number (ID)
: Doctor – Select from List
: Patient – Select from List
: Slot – Select from List
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : None

Process Name : Undelete Patient

Process Number : 3.5
Input : Appointment Number (ID)
Output : Status Message
Error Condition : None

33
 Chapter 6
Coding and Snapshots

34
6.1 Implementation approaches

The Software Design Description Document has been used as input in the implementation
process. The actual implementation has been done using PHP. PHP has been used to
interact with the backend database. In this implementation, My SQL Server has been used
as the backend RDBMS. PHP processes the inputs or commands given by the user and
translates them in the commands understandable to the backend database. The output
produced by the backend database is also handled by PHP which then displayed on the
Browser screen.

6.1.1 Code:

Index Page:

<?php

include_once('hms/include/config.php');

if(isset($_POST['submit']))

$name=$_POST['fullname'];

$email=$_POST['emailid'];

$mobileno=$_POST['mobileno'];

$dscrption=$_POST['description'];

$query=mysqli_query($con,"insert into tblcontactus(fullname,email,contactno,message)

value('$name','$email','$mobileno','$dscrption')");

echo "<script>alert('Your information succesfully submitted');</script>";

echo "<script>window.location.href ='index.php'</script>";

} ?>

<!doctype html>

35
<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-

fit=no">

<title> Hospital management System </title>

<link rel="shortcut icon" href="assets/images/fav.jpg">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/bootstrap.min.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/fontawsom-all.min.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/animate.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="assets/css/style.css" />

</head>

<body>

<!-- ################# Header Starts Here#######################--->

<header id="menu-jk">

<div id="nav-head" class="header-nav">

<div class="container">

<div class="row">

36
 <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-12" style="color:#000;font-
weight:bold; font-size:42px; margin-top: 1% !important;">HMS

<a data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#menu" href="#menu" ><i

class="fas d-block d-md-none small-menu fa-bars"></i></a>

</div>

<div id="menu" class="col-lg-8 col-md-9 d-none d-md-block nav-item">

<ul>

<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>

<li><a href="#services">Services</a></li>

<li><a href="#about_us">About Us</a></li>

<li><a href="#gallery">Gallery</a></li>

<li><a href="#contact_us">Contact Us</a></li>

<li><a href="#logins">Logins</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<div class="col-sm-2 d-none d-lg-block appoint">

<a class="btn btn-success" href="hms/user-login.php">Book an

Appointment</a>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</header>

<!-- ################# Slider Starts Here#######################--->

37
 <div class="slider-detail">

<div id="carouselExampleIndicators" class="carousel slide" data-

ride="carousel">

<ol class="carousel-indicators">

<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="0"

class="active"></li>

<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="1"></li>

</ol>

<div class="carousel-inner">

<div class="carousel-item ">

<img class="d-block w-100" src="assets/images/slider/slider_2.jpg"

alt="Second slide">

<div class="carousel-cover"></div>

<div class="carousel-caption vdg-cur d-none d-md-block">

<h5 class="animated bounceInDown">Hospital Management

System</h5>

</div>

</div>

<div class="carousel-item active">

<img class="d-block w-100" src="assets/images/slider/slider_3.jpg"

alt="Third slide">

<div class="carousel-cover"></div>

<div class="carousel-caption vdg-cur d-none d-md-block">

38
 <h5 class="animated bounceInDown">Hospital Management
System</h5>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselExampleIndicators"

role="button" data-slide="prev">

<span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>

<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>

</a>

<a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselExampleIndicators"

role="button" data-slide="next">

<span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>

<span class="sr-only">Next</span>

</a>

</div>

</div>

<h6>Admin Login</h6>

<a href="hms/admin" target="_blank">

<button class="btn btn-success btn-sm">Click Here</button>

</a>

</div>

</div>

39
 </div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</section>

<!-- ################# Our Departments Starts Here#######################--->

<section id="services" class="key-features department">

<div class="container">

<div class="inner-title">

<h2>Our Key Features</h2>

<p>Take a look at some of our key features</p>

</div>

<div class="row">

<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">

<div class="single-key">

<i class="fas fa-heartbeat"></i>

<h5>Cardiology</h5>

</div>

</div>

40
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">

<div class="single-key">

<i class="fas fa-ribbon"></i>

<h5>Orthopaedic</h5>

</div>

</div>

<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">

<div class="single-key">

<i class="fab fa-monero"></i>

<h5>Neurologist</h5>

</div>

</div>

<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">

<div class="single-key">

<i class="fas fa-capsules"></i>

<h5>Pharma Pipeline</h5>

</div>

</div>

<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">

<div class="single-key">

<i class="fas fa-prescription-bottle-alt"></i>

41
 <h5>Pharma Team</h5>

</div>

</div>

<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">

<div class="single-key">

<i class="far fa-thumbs-up"></i>

<h5>High Quality treatments</h5>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</section>

<script src="assets/js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>

<script src="assets/js/popper.min.js"></script>

<script src="assets/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<script src="assets/plugins/scroll-nav/js/jquery.easing.min.js"></script>

<script src="assets/plugins/scroll-nav/js/scrolling-nav.js"></script>

<script src="assets/plugins/scroll-fixed/jquery-scrolltofixed-min.js"></script>

<script src="assets/js/script.js"></script>

</html>

Admin Page:

<?php

session_start();

42
error_reporting(0);

include("include/config.php");

if(isset($_POST['submit']))

$uname=$_POST['username'];

$upassword=$_POST['password'];

$ret=mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM admin WHERE username='$uname' and

password='$upassword'");

$num=mysqli_fetch_array($ret);

if($num>0)

$_SESSION['login']=$_POST['username'];

$_SESSION['id']=$num['id'];

header("location:dashboard.php");

else

$_SESSION['errmsg']="Invalid username or password";

?>

43
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<title>Admin-Login</title>

<meta charset="utf-8" />

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0,

user-scalable=0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">

<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">

<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">

<meta content="" name="description" />

<meta content="" name="author" />

<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?
family=Lato:300,400,400italic,600,700|Raleway:300,400,500,600,700|
Crete+Round:400italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

<link rel="stylesheet" href="vendor/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="vendor/fontawesome/css/font-

awesome.min.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="vendor/themify-icons/themify-

icons.min.css">

<link href="vendor/animate.css/animate.min.css" rel="stylesheet"

media="screen">

<link href="vendor/perfect-scrollbar/perfect-scrollbar.min.css"
rel="stylesheet" media="screen">

44
 <link href="vendor/switchery/switchery.min.css" rel="stylesheet"
media="screen">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/styles.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/plugins.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/themes/theme-1.css"

id="skin_color" />

</head>

<body class="login">

<div class="row">

<div class="main-login col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1 col-sm-8 col-sm-

offset-2 col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">

<div class="logo margin-top-30">

<h2>Admin Login</h2>

</div>

<div class="box-login">

<form class="form-login" method="post">

<fieldset>

<legend>

Sign in to your account

</legend>

<p>

Please enter your name and

password to log in.<br />

45
 <span style="color:red;"><?
php echo htmlentities($_SESSION['errmsg']); ?><?php echo
htmlentities($_SESSION['errmsg']="");?></span>

</p>

<div class="form-group">

<span class="input-icon">

<input type="text"
class="form-control" name="username" placeholder="Username">

<i class="fa
fa-user"></i> </span>

</div>

<div class="form-group form-

actions">

<span class="input-icon">

<input
type="password" class="form-control password" name="password"
placeholder="Password"><i class="fa fa-lock"></i>

</span>

</div>

<div class="form-actions">

<button type="submit"
class="btn btn-primary pull-right" name="submit">

Login <i class="fa fa-

arrow-circle-right"></i>

</button>

</div>

46
 <a href="../../index.php">Bacto Home
Page</a>

</fieldset>

</form>

<div class="copyright">

<span class="text-bold text-

uppercase">Hospital Management System</span>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<script src="vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script src="vendor/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<script src="vendor/modernizr/modernizr.js"></script>

<script src="vendor/jquery-cookie/jquery.cookie.js"></script>

<script src="vendor/perfect-scrollbar/perfect-scrollbar.min.js"></script>

<script src="vendor/switchery/switchery.min.js"></script>

<script src="vendor/jquery-validation/jquery.validate.min.js"></script>

<script src="assets/js/main.js"></script>

47
 <script src="assets/js/login.js"></script>

<script>

jQuery(document).ready(function() {

Main.init();

Login.init();

});

</script>

</body>

<!-- end: BODY -->

</html>

6.1.2 Snapshots:

Index page:

48
Login Options:

Create New user:

49
User Login Page:

Admin Login Page:

50
Admin Dashboard:

Add New Doctor Page:

51
Doctor Login Page:

Doctor Dashboard:

52
User Dashboard and Appointment Apply Page:

Doctor Session Logs

53
User Session Logs:

54
Chapter 7
Conclusion

55
7. CONCLUSION
Since we are entering details of the patients electronically in the” Hospital Management
System”, data will be secured. Using this application, we can retrieve patient’s history with a
single click. Thus, processing information will be faster. It guarantees accurate maintenance
of patient details. It easily reduces the book keeping task and thus reduces the human effort
and increases accuracy speed.

The HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is a great improvement over the manual

system using case fields and paper. The computerization of the system has sped up the
process. In the current system, the front office managing is very slow. The hospital
managing system was thoroughly checked and tested with dummy data and thus is found
to be very reliable.

ADVANTAGES

 It is fast, efficient and reliable

 Avoids data redundancy and inconsistency
 Web-based
 Number of personnel required is considerably less
 Provides more security and integrity to data

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
The proposed system is Hospital Management System. We can enhance this system by
including more facilities like billing system, inpatient room allotment for the admitted
patients and the stock details of medicines in the pharmacy. Providing such features
enable the users to include more comments into the system.

56
Chapter 8
References

57
1. PHP MySQL Website Programming: Problem - Design – Solution byChris Lea,
Mike Buzzard, Dilip Thomas, Jessey White-Cinis

2. Beginning PHP5, Apache, and MySQL Web Development (Programmer to

Programmer) by Elizabeth Naramore
3. MySQL/PHP Database Applications, 2nd Edition by Brad Bulger
4. How to Do Everything with PHP and MySQL by Vikram Vaswani

5. Hinstock, Andrew (May 20, 2015) "Java's 20 Years of Innovation". Forbes

Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
6. Herbert Scheldt, Java Complete Reference, Fith Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Gosling, James Joy, Bill, Steele, Guy, Bracha, Glad.
7. "The Java Language Specification, 2nd Edition". Archived from the original on
August 5, 2011 Rived February 8, 2008
8. "MySQL. K. Release Nates",mysql.com. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
9. pon wikipedia.org/wiki/Net
10. http://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.m
11. tp://www.whichools.com/javajava_intro.asp

58