Chapter III
Research Methods Used
This research involved non-experimental quantitative methodologies. A survey is a non-
experimental, descriptive research method and is best suited to collect viewpoints of respondents
(Babbie, 1990). The non-experimental design was utilized because the researcher had no intent to
manipulate any of the variables or subjects, as that is the objective of experimental quantitative
methods (Muijs, 2011). Quantitative methods used to study the relationship between variables
express variable relationships through statistical analysis (Grand Canyon University [GCU], n.d.;
Patten, 2014). By quantitatively examining the relationship between the variables obtained in
conducting the survey. While correlation design is a viable method for interpreting data, it has its
limitations. One principal objective of quantitative research is determining what causes what,
what is the cause, and what is the effect (Muijs, 2011). In applying correlational design, the
researcher must be cognizant that while a relationship between variables can be established,
results must be carefully interpreted. The fact that two variables are related to one another does
not mean that one causes the other; “surveys do not allow the researcher to control the
environment and are therefore less suited to answering questions of causality than experimental
designs” (Muijs 2011, p. 39) Pritha and Kassiani (2023) notes that the Likert scale is practical and
an accessible method of collecting data. A Likert scale is an ordered scale from which
respondents choose one option that best aligns with their view. It is often used to measure
respondents' attitudes by asking the extent to which they agree or disagree with a particular
question or statement. (Jan and Anne, 2012). Likert scales make complex problems easily
manipulable by decomposing abstract phenomena into recordable observations. Then, from the
scale, the researcher/s can devise a questionnaire on time management and academic success of
SPM students in order to collect relevant data.
Locale of the Study
This study will be conducted at Benigno V. Aldana National High School, this place was
selected for knowing the impact of time management on SPM Students academic achievement.
This study will be implemented on the SPM students of Benigno V. Aldana National High School
from Grade 7 to fourth year level S.Y. 2022-2023.
Participants of the Study
The population of the study comprises of SPM students in Benigno V. Aldana National
Highschool. The aim of the study is to know how the impact of time management affect the
academic performance of SPM students. The sampling design that the researcher will utilize is
simple random sampling.
We will conduct the random sampling by:
•Defying the Population
Identify the population you want to sample from.
•Determining the Sample Size
Decide on the number of individuals or elements you want to include in your sample.
•Randomly Select a Sample
Example: The Census of Bureau randomly select addresses of 295,000 household monthly.
•Collecting Data from your Sample
Example: First The Census of bureau will send a letter to ask the respondents to fill the survey
out online. If occupants of an address do not respond, the bureau calls the home telephone
number. If all else fails, a representative visit the address in person.
Instrumentation
Any study's foundation is its instrumentation. Without a reliable tool, researchers are
unable to do their research. The development of instruments was where the researchers focused
their time and effort, though. To gather pertinent data from participants, questionnaires
addressing time management and academic success of distance learners were created using a five-
point likert scale.
Data Gathering Procedure
zData gathering procedures for time management on students' academic performance can include:
1. Surveys: Administering surveys to students to gather information about their time management
habits and its impact on their academic performance.
2. Interviews: Conducting individual or group interviews with students to gain a deeper
understanding of their time management practices.
3. Observation: Observing students in their daily routines to see how they manage their time and
the effects it has on their academic performance.
4. Review of Academic Records: Examining students' academic records, such as grades and
attendance, to see how they relate to time management.
5. Time Diary: Asking students to keep a daily diary of how they spend their time, including
study time, leisure activities, and sleep, to determine the impact of these activities on their
academic performance.
Statistical Treatment Data
The statistical treatment of data on the impact of time management on students' academic
performance typically involves the collection and analysis of data on the relationship between
students' time management skills and their academic performance. This can involve surveys,
interviews, and/or observations of students to gather data on their time management habits and
academic performance. Once the data is collected, various statistical techniques can be applied to
analyze the relationship between time management and academic performance. For example,
correlation analysis can be used to determine if there is a significant relationship between time
management habits and academic performance. Regression analysis can then be used to
determine the strength and direction of the relationship and to make predictions about the impact
of time management on academic performance.
