1.

The Philippine Civil Service shall embrace all branches, subdivisions and
instrumentalities of the Government, including governmentowned or controlled
corporations, and appointments therein, except as to those which are policy
determining, primarily confidential or highly technical in nature, shall be made
only according to merit and fitness, to be determined as far as practicable by
competitive examination. Positions included in the civil service fall into three
categories; namely, competitive or classified service, non-competitive or
unclassified service and exempt service.
The following specific officers and employees shall be embraced in the non-competitive
or unclassified service:
(a) Officers appointed by the President of the Philippines with the consent of the
Commission on Appointments, except provincial treasurers and assistant chiefs of
bureaus and offices, and all other inferior officers of the Government whose
appointments are by law vested in the President alone;
(b) The secretarial and office staff of the President, of the Vice-President, of the
President
of the Senate, of the Speaker of the House of Representatives and of each member of
the
Congress of the Philippines including the personnel of all the committees of both
Houses
of the Congress;
(c) One private secretary and one assistant private secretary to each of the several
Heads
of Departments and to each of the Justice of the Supreme Court and the Court of
Appeals;
(d) Officers as may be required and chosen by the Congress of the Philippines in
accordance with the Constitution;
(e) Members of the various faculties and other teaching force of the University of the
Philippines and other government colleges offering courses on the collegiate level,
including the business directors and registrars of said institutions;
(f) Secretaries of provincial, city and municipal boards or councils;
(g) Unskilled laborers whether emergency, seasonal or permanent; and
(h) All supplementary employees in the Senate and the House of Representatives of
Congress.

2. The terms civil service and public service seem to refer to very similar concepts
but there is a significant difference between the two. Civil service is performed by
a civil servant, a bureaucrat hired by the country’s government who works for the
public sector; conversely, public service is performed by a public servant, a
person appointed by a member of the government to serve the population and
perform public duties. Civil servants are top ranked employees who work in
various government’s departments and offices and whose duties vary according
to their role and position. Public servants are not has high ranked and provide
basic services to the population and to the most needy segments of society.

CIVIL SERVICE
Some of the services provided for by civil service include:
 Paying pensions and benefits;
 Running and managing prisons;
 Issuing driving licenses;
 Representing the government in international organizations and in
foreign countries; and
 Managing employment services.
 Civil servants are bureaucrat who need to be familiar with the country’s laws and
regulations, and who must act in order to promote the highest interests of the
country and of its citizens. Civil service allows the government to provide basic
services to all citizens and to run efficiently all its various departments.

PUBLIC SERVICE
It is performed by public servants and includes services like:
 Paramedics;
 Fire brigades;
 Police; and
 Air force.
Aside from the members of the just mentioned official bodies, public servants are
not necessarily skilled or qualified individuals. In fact, they can perform various
tasks – including volunteering – that do not require particular abilities but that fall
within the services offered to the citizens by the government. Such services
should be available to all persons under the government’s jurisdiction, including
the neediest individuals.

CONCLUSION
 Both jobs/services are linked to the govern]]]ment’s policies and are performed in the interest
of the population as well as of the state itself;
 Civil servants and public servants are employed by the government – even though civil
servants occupy the highest ranks]]]]]]

Governance: A necessary, but not sufficient, condition for good governance is a skilled,
motivated and efficient civil service with a professional ethos. a bad civil service is a
sufficient condition to produce bad governance.

Public goods and services: Access to public services and their quantity and quality
largely depend on the skills and motivation of the public employees who provide the
services or oversee their delivery.

Economic policy improvements: Whereas some reforms will require political will but
little administrative support, others depend on competent and motivated government
personnel. Well-formulated policies have failed without the right personnel to
implement them.

Management of public expenditure and revenue: The civil service is critical for the
responsible management of public expenditure and revenues. In its turn, such
responsible management requires the provision of sustainable employment
opportunities for competent and motivated personnel.

Fiscal sustainability: The civil service can help maintain the sustainability of public
finances. A well-chosen combination of measures affecting the number of employees
and their salaries can improve the effectiveness of the government apparatus while
also reducing its cost.

Institutional development: This is a move from a less efficient to a more efficient set
of rules and incentives. An example could be better implementation of regulatory
frameworks: a skilled and motivated civil service can work with external organisations
to help them better interact with the relevant regulatory frameworks and entrench
better ways of working.’]]