GFLFKBGBL FYRJFL MB^BXF_FPFL OF_FP

@FXRXFP ^F@F PXFRGF MB^FCF 

DCBJ ;
MBCDG^DM 9 H69-F

A ORYPA FQR UALF _AXFPAJ 8>9886>18

 LA ^RPR KRCAFXPALA 8>9886 >19
^FL@B _FQFL _AKFQFLPA 8>9886>10
CRJ ^RPR @AFJ MRYRGF @B_A 8>9886 >12
@B_F O@B YR@AFYPF 8>9886>15

^XDOXFG YPR@A MB^BXF_FPFL ^XDOXFG YFXKFLF

YPAMBY _AXF GB@AMF HFCA
8>86 

6
 MFPF ^BLOFLPFX

^brtfgf ’ tfgf pblucas gblouifpmfl puka `fl syumur mbpf`f Pujfl

yflo Gfjf Bsf yflo tbcfj gbghbrmfja pblucas sbjalo f gfmfcfj ala `fpft `as bcb
sf am fl .
^blucas kuof aloal gblouifpmfl tbragfmfsaj mbpf`f sbcuruj pajfm yflo tbcfj

gbghfltu pblucas `fcfg pbghuftfl gfmfcfj ala `fl hbrhfofa sughbr yflo tbcfj
 pblucas oulfmfl sbhfofa `ftf `fl efmtf pf`f gfmfcfj ala.
Gfmfcfj ala gbguft tbltflo –Gflfkbgbl Fsujfl Mbpbrfwftfl Ofwft
@frurft pf`f Prfugf Mbpfcf‗ ultum gbgbluja tuofs Gftf mucafj Ofwft @frurft.
^blucas gblofmua hfjwf pblucas f`fcfj gflusaf yflo gbgpul yfa mbtbrhftfsfl
`fcfg hbrhfofa jfc. Dcbj mfrblf atu ta`fm f`f jfc yflo `fpft `asbcbsfamfl `blofl
sfloft sbgpurlf. Hboatu pucf `blofl gfmfcfj ala yflo tbcfj mfga sbcbsfamfl. Pa`
fm sbguf jfc `fpft mfga flfcasf `blofl sbgpurlf `fcfg gfmfcfj ala.
^blucas gbcfmumfllyf sbgfmsagfc gulomal `blofl mbgfgpufl yflo pblucas
gacama. @a

gflf pblucas kuof gbgacama mbtbrhftfsfl mbgfgpufl.

Ybgdof gfmfcfj ala `fpft gblfghfj pblobtfjufl `fl hbrgflefft h foa m atf
sbguf. Pbragfmfsaj.

@blpfsfr Fprac 8>86

^blucas

a
 @FEPFX AYA

MFPF ^BLOFLPFX.........................................................................................a 

@FEPFX AYA............................................................................................................... aa 

HFH A ^BL@FJRCRFL .................................................................................................. 6 
F.  Cftfr Hbcfmflo .................................................................................................... 6 
H.  Pukufl Gfmfcfj .................................................................................................. 9 
I.  Xugusfl Gfsfcfj .............................................................................................. 9 
HFH AA ^BGHFJFYFL ................................................................................................... 0 
F.  ^blobrtafl Prfugf Mbpfcf ................................................................................. 0 
H.  Pbmflfl Altrf Mrflafc (PAM) .............................................................................. 0 
I.  Mbrusfmfl Dtfm fmahft Prfugf Mbpfcf ............................................................ 2 
@.  Kblas-Kblas Prfugf Mbpfcf ................................................................................ ? 
B.  ^blftfcfmsflffl Prfugf mbpfcf ...................................................................... : 
E.  MFYRY FYRJFL MB^BXF_FPFL....................................................6> 

HFH AAA ^BLRPR^..............................................................................................9> 

F.  Mbsagpucfl ........................................................................................................ 9> 
H.  Yfrfl ..................................................................................................................... 9> 
@FEPFX ^RPFMF.............................................................................................96 

aa
 HFH A
^BL@FJRCRFL
F. Cftfr Hbcfmflo
Prfugf mbpfcf gbrupfmfl sfcfj sftu pblybhfh mbgftafl `fl mbififtfl utfgf

 pf`f mbcdgpdm usaf prd`umtae `fl sbhfoafl hbsfr tbrkf`a fmahft mbibcfmffl cfcu

caltfs (Gflskdbr, 8>>?). @apbrmarfmfl 6>>.>>> drflo gblaloofc sbtafp tfjullyf

`fl cbhaj `fra ?>>.>>> gblofcfga trfugf iumup hbrft yflo gbgbrcumfl

 pbrfwftfl `arugfj sfmat, `uf pbrtaof hbru saf `ahfwfj 9> tfjul `bl ofl

kugcfj cfma- cfma cbhaj hflyfm `ahfl`alomfl kugcfj wfl atf, cbhaj `fra

sbtblofj sbguf

 pfsabl trfugf mbpfcf gbgpulyfa saolaeamfsa tbrjf`fp ib`brf hfoafl tuhuj cfalyf.

(Ygbctzbr fl` Hfrb, 8>68).

@a sfgpalo pblfloflfl `a cdmfsa mbkf`afl `fl sbcfgf trflspdrtfsa

mdrhfl mb rugfj sfmat, pblacfafl `fl tal`fmfl fwfc `a ruflo ofwft

`frurft sfloft gblbltumfl pblftfcfmsflffl `fl prdoldsas sbcflkutlyf.

Pal`fmfl rbsusatfsa, flfglbsas `fl pbgbramsffl easam ugug sbrtf lburdcdoas

jfrus `acfmumfl sbifrf sbrbltfm. ^bl`bmftfl yflo sastbgftas `fpft

gblourfloa mbgulomalfl tbrcbwftalyf bvfcufsa ulsur vatfc. Palomft

mbpfrfjfl trfugf mbpfcf, gblkf`a ralofl sbobrf `atbltumfl sfft pfsabl tahf `a

rugfj sfmat. (Ykfjrar, 8>60).

Ybifrf ldrgfc dtfm gbgbrcumfl 9>-0>% dmsaobl `fra mbhutujfl dmsaobl

tuhuj. Mdlsugsa dmsaobl dtfm yflo hbsfr ala `asbhfhmfl mfrblf dtfm ta`fm

gbgpulyfa if`flofl dmsaobl, sbjaloof supcfa dmsaobl yflo gfsum fmfl jfhas

tbrpfmfa. Rltum gbgpbrtfjflmfl dmsaoblfsa dtfm yflo f`bmuft gfmf `apbrcumfl

mbsbaghflofl fltfrf supcfa dmsaobl `blofl mbhutujfl (`bgfl`)  dmsaobl

dtfm. Mbsaghflofl dmsaobl dtfm `apblofruja dcbj ibrbhrfc hcdd` ecdw yflo

hbsfrlyf

 hbrmasfr 62-8 >% `fra iurfj kfltulo(Hcfim & Jfwms, 8>> 1).

6
 _fcfupul dtfm hbrf`f `fcfg ruflo yflo tbrtutup `fl tbrcal`uloa dcbj

tucflo-tucflo yflo muft lfgul `fpft kuof gblofcfga mbrusfmfl. Yfcfj sftu
 pblybhfh `fra mbrusfmfl dtfm f`fcfj tbrkf`alyf trfugf ftfu trfugf mbpfcf yflo

`fpft gblofmahftmfl mbrusfmfl strumtur dtfm, sbjaloof eulosalyf kuof `fpft

tbrofloou (Hcfim & Jfwms, 8>>1 ).

@a Al`dlbsaf, trfugf mbpfcf (jbf` alkury) `afmahftmfl pfrf

 pblooulfmbl`frffl hbrgdtdr rd`f `uf tbrutfgf hfoa yfl o ta`fm gbgfmfa

jbcg. Jfcala gblkf`a tfltflofl yflo sucat mfrblf `afltfrf gbrbmf `ftflo

`fra odcdloflbmdldga rbl`fj sbjaloof sbifrf sdsad bmdldga iumup

sucat gbgpbrdcbjpbcfyflfl mbsbjftfl. Prfugf mbpfcf `apbrmarfmfl fmfl

tbrus gblalomftsbaralo `blofl gblalomftlyf pblooulf mbl`frffl hbrgdtdr

rd`f `uf

`fl`apbrmarfmfl 9 1% mblfamfl pbr tfjul (Cughfl tdrufl, 8>62).

Gblurut _JD sbtafp tfjul `a Fgbramf Ybramft jfgpar 6.2>>.>>> mfsus

trfugf mbpfcf. @fra kugcfj tbrsbhut :>.>>> `a fltfrflyf gblofcfga mbififtfl

`fl

2>.>>> drflo gblaloofc `ulaf. Yfft ala `a Fgbramf tbr`fpft sbmatfr 2.9>>.>>>

drflo `blofl mbififtfl fmahft trfugf mbpfcf (Gddrb &Frour, 8>65). ^blybhfh

trfugf mbpfcf yflo tbrhflyfm f`fcfj mbibcfmffl hbrgdtdr (2>%), kftuj

(86%),

`fl trfugf dcfjrfof (6>%). Flomf mbkf`afl trfugf mbpfcf yflo `arfwft `a

rugfj sfmat `a Al`dlbsaf gbrupfmfl pblybhfh mbgftafl urutfl mb`uf (0,9?

%) sbtbcfj strdmb, `fl gbrupfmfl urutfl mbcagf (8,6:%) pf`f 6> pblyfmat

tbrhflyfm yflo `arfwft `a rugfj sfmat `a Al`dlbsaf (@bpmbs XA, 8>65).

8
H.  Pukufl Gfmfcfj
6.  Pukufg Rgug 
Gfjfsaswf/gfjfsaswa gfgpu gbgfjfga gflfkbgbl fsujfl m b p brf wf tfl
 ofwft `frurft pf`f trfugf
mbpfcf. 8.  Pukufl Mjusus 
f.  Gfjfsaswf/gfjfsaswa gblobtfjua pblobrtafl trfugf mbpfcf 

 h.  Gfjfsaswf/gfjfsaswa gblobrta tbltflo Pbmflfl Altrf Mrfl afc (PAM) 

i.  Gfjfsaswf/gfjfsaswa gblobrta tbltflo mbrusfmfl dtfm fmahft trfugf mbpfcf 
`.  Gfjfsaswf.gfjfsaswa gblobrta tbltflo kblas-kblas trfugf mbpfcf 
b.  Gfjfsaswf/gfjfsaswa gblobrta tbltflo pblftfcfmsflffl trfugf mbpfcf 

I.  Xugusfl Gfsfcfj

6.  Fpf pblobrtafl trfugf mbpfcf4

8.  Fpf yflo `agfmsu` Pbmflfl Altrf Mrflafc

(PAM) 4 9.  Fpf sfkf mbrusfmfl dtfm fmahft trfugf
mbpfcf4 
0.  Fpf sfkf kblas-kblas trfugf mbpfcf 4 
2.  Hfofagflf pblftfcfmsflffl trfugf mbpfcf4 

HFH AA
^BGHFJFYFL
F.  ^blobrtafl Prfugf Mbpfcf

Prfugf mbpfcf ftfu trfugf mfpatas f`fcfj suftu oflooufl trfugf `fra dtfm

`asbrtfa/tflpf pbr`frfjfl altbstalfc `fcfg suhstflsa dtfm, tflpf `aamuta tbrputuslyf

mdltaluatfs `fra dtfm.(Luordjd, 8>62)

Prfugf mbpfcf f`fcfj suftu trfugf yflo gbloblfa `fbrfj mucat mbpfcf,

tucflo tblomdrfm ftfu dtfm yflo tbrkf`a fmahft alkury hfam sbifrf cflosulo

gfupul ta`fm cflosulo pf`f mbpfcf (Yuraf`a `fl Qucafla, 8>69).

Gblurut Hrfal Alkury Fssdsaftadl de Fgbraif (8>68), trfugf mbpfcf f`fcfj

suftu mbrusfmfl pf`f mbpfcf, humfl hbrsaeft idloblatfc ftfupul `boblbrftae,

tbtfpa

`asbhfhmfl dcbj sbrflofl/hblturfl easam `fra cufr, yflo `fpft gblourfloa ftfu

gblouhfj mbsf`frfl yflo gflf gblaghucmfl mbrusfmfl mbgfgpufl mdolatae `fl

eulosa easam.

Prfugf mbpfcf f`fcfj oflooufl eulosa ldrgfc dtfm mfrblf trfugf hfam trfugf

tugpuc gfupul trfugf tfkfg. @be asat lburdcdoas tbrkf`a mfrblf rdhbmfllyf suhtflsaf

fchf, asmbgaf, `fl pblofruj gfssf mfrblf jbgdrdoam, sbrtf b`bgf sbrbhrfc `asbmatfr

 kfralofl dtfm (Hfttaifif, 8>>:).

H.  Pbmflfl Altrf Mrflafc (PAM)

Pbmflfl altrf irflafc (PAM) f`fcfj jfsac `fra sbkugcfj kfralofl dtfm, vdcugb

`frfj altrfirflafc `fl ifarfl ibrbhrdsparfc `a `fcfg tblomdrfm pf`f sftu sftufl

wfmtu. Mbf`ffl ldrgfc `fra PAM hbrofltulo pf`f pdsasa pfsabl `fl hbrmasfr ¶

62 ggJo. Xuflo irflafc hbrasa kfralofl dtfm (60>> or), `frfj (?2 gc),

ifarfl ibrbhrdsparfc (?2 gc), tbrjf`fp tbmflfl pf`f mdgpdlbl ala sbcfcu

hbrjuhulofl

`blofl mbf`ffl mbsbaghflofl Japdtbsf Gdlrd  ’  Mbccab gblyftfmfl ; Mfrblf

mbtbrhftfsfl ruflo ala ultum bmspfl sa `a `fcfg tblomdrfm, f`flyf pblalomftfl sfcfj

sftu `fra mdgpdlbl ala gblybhfhmfl pbruhfjfl pf`f vdcugb `frfj ibrbhrfc tflpf
0
f`flyf pbruhfjfl, PAM fmfl lfam. ^blalomftfl PAM yflo iumup talooa,

gblybhfhmfl turullyf hftflo >tfm (Jbrlafsa hftflo dtfm) yflo hbrfmahft mbgftafl.
 Ftfp tblomdrfm gbrupfmfl suftu sastbg tbrtutup, `ahbltum `fra tucflo ’ tu cflo

`fl gbgpulyfa vdcugb mdlstfl. Udcugb altrf mrflafc ala `a`bsmrapsamfl dcbj

`dmtral “Gdlrd- Mbccab— pf`f fwfc fhf` mb-61.

v. altrfirflafc (idlstflt) 7 v. hrfal + v. IYE + v. hcdd` + v. gfss cbsadl.

Mfrblf sbhfoafl hbsfr mdgpdlbl altrf mrflafc hbrupf ifarfl, `fl hbrsaeft ldl

- idgprbssahcb, gfmf pf`f sfft altf mrflafc tbrasa, PAM fmfl gblalomft sbifrf

`rfgftas.

^blalomftfl PAM ala `fpft gblybhfhmfl oflooufl pbrb`frfl `frfj dtfm fmahft

 pblurulfl tbmflfl pbreusa sbrbhrfc(Hjftaf `fl Mugfr Ouptf, 8> ? = Mf rf gf lds b t

f c, 8>60).

Hacf tbrkf`a b`bgf sbrbhra ftfu cbsa hbrbebm gfssf, gfmf fmfl tbrkf`a mdgpblsf sa ` a

gflf ifarfl sbrbhrdspalfc `fl `frfj fmfl hbrpal`fj mb iflfcas spalfcas `fl v f sm u cbr

` a bxtrf mrflafc. ^f`f mbf`ffl yflo cbhaj cflkut, ta`fm `fpft tbrkf`a mdgpblsfsa

cfoa sbjaloof PAM tbrus gblalomft (@fwd`u, 8>>?).

I.  Mbrusfmfl Dtfm fmahft Prfugf Mbpfcf

F`flyf trfugf mbpfcf `fpft gblybhfhmfl mbrusfmfl strumtur, gasfclyf

mbrusfmfl pf`f pfrblmag dtfm, mbrusfmfl pbghucuj `frfj, pbr`frfjfl, b`bgf `fl

oflooufl hadmagaf dtfm sbpbrta pblurulfl f`bldsas trapdspft,  pbruhfjfl

 pbrgbfhacatfs vfsmucbr.^ftde asadcdoa trfugf mbpfcf `fp ft tbrhfoa ftfs `uf

prdsbs yfatu ib`brf mbpfcf pragbr `fl ib`brf mbpfcf sbmul`br, ib`brf

mbpfcf pragbr gbrupfmfl suftu prdsbs hadgbmflam yflo tbrkf`a sbifrf

cflosulo sfft mbpfcf tbrhbltur `fl `fpft gbghbra `fgpfm mbrusfmfl kfralofl

dtfm. ^f`f ib`brf mbpfcf sbmul`br tbrkf`a fmahft `fra ib`brf mbpfcf pragbr,

gasfclyf fmahft `fra japdmsbgaf, asmbgaf `fl pbr`frfjfl.^br`frfjfl ibrbhrfc

gblaghucmfl jbgftdgf gasfclyf pf`f bpa`urfc jbgftdgf, hbrmugpuclyf fltfrf

pbradstbul tblomdrfm `blofl `urfgbtbr,

2
suh`urf jbgftdgf fmahft hbrmugpuclyf `frfj pf`f ruflo fltfrf `urfgbtbr `blofl

suhfrfmlda` `fl altrf ibrbhrfc, jbgftdgf f`fcfj hbrmugpuclyf `frfj `a`fcfg

  kfralofl ibrbhrfc. Mbgftafl pf`f pbl`bratf trfugf mbp fcf tbrkf`a mfrblf japdtblsa

mfrblf oflooufl futdrboucfsa, mbtamf tbrkf`a futdrboucfsa gblaghucmfl pbreusa

 kfralofl ibrbhrfc `fl hbrfmjar pf`f asmbgaf kfralofl dtfm. (Pfrwdtd, 8>>?).

^ftdeasadcdoa trfugf mbpfcf `fpft `akbcfsmfl sbhfofa hbramut ;

6.  Ib`brf ^ragbr

Mbrusfmfl fmahft cflosulo trfugf, fltfrf cfal erfmtur tucflo tblomdrfm, rdhbm

 pbghucuj `frfj (jbgftdg), mbrusfmfl kfralofl dtfm (tbrgfsum rdhbmlyf `urfgftbr,

cfsbrfsa, mdltusad).

8.   Ib`brf Ybmul`br

Mbrusfmfl cflkutfl dcbj mfrblf ib`brf pragbr yflo f`f hbrcflkut gbcfgpfua hftfs

mdgpblsfsa ruflo tblomdrfm.

Jumug Gdlrdb Mbccab gbloftfmfl hfjwf ruflo tblomdrfm tbrtutup `fl vdcugblyf

tbtfp. Udcugb `apblofruja dcbj taof mdgpfrtbgbl yfatu `frfj, caqudr, `fl

pfrblmag dtfm. Mbgfgpufl mdgpblsfsa yflo tbrcfgpfua fmfl gblofmahftmfl

mblfamfl PAM yflo prdorbsae `fl tbrkf`a pblurulfl Pbmflfl ^breusa Ybrbhrfc

(I^^) yflo `fpft

eftfc pf`f talomft sbcucbr.

^blurulfl I^^ murflo `fra ?> ggJo gblybhfhmfl asmbgaf dtfm. Asmbgaf

dtfm gblofmahftmfl b`bgf satdtdmsam  ’  mbrusfmfl sbcucbr yflo gfmal pfrfj

(arrbvbrsahbc). @apbrhbrft dcbj mbcfalfl bmstrfmrflafc japdtblsa/sydm, japbrmfrha,

japdmsaf, japbrtbrga, mbkflo, `cc.

9.   B`bgf Yatdtdmsam

Mbrusfmfl kfralofl (dtfm) gblybhfhmfl pbcbpfsfl hbrcbhaj sbkblas

Lburdtrflsgattbr yflo gblybhfhmfl Bmsatfsa (Bxatftdry Fgald Fia` f.c. ocutfgft,
fspfrtft). BFF

5
gbcfcua rbsbptdr FG^F (L-Gbtjyc @-Fspfrtft) `fl LG@F (Fgald Gbtjyc

^rdpadlft Fia`) gblybhfhmfl If alecums hbrcbhajfl yflo gblaghucmfl b`bgf `fl

 gblofmtavfsa blzyg `borf`ftae sbrtf gblybhfhmfl efst `bpdcfrasfsa (mcalas mbkflo-

mbkflo).

0.  Mbrusfmfl Gbghrfl Ybc

@apaiu If alecums yflo gblofmatvfsa blzyg `borf`ftae fmfl gblybhfhmfl

mbrusfmfl @LF, prdtbal, `fl gbghrfl edsedcapa` sbc (HHH hrbfm`dwl) gbcfcua

rbl`fjlyf I@^ ijdcal (yflo hbreulosa sbhfofa prbmusdr yflo hflyfm

`apbrcumfl

 pf`f saltbsf edse dcapa` ultum gblkfof altboratfs `fl rbpfar gbghrfl

tbrsbhut). Gbcfcua rusfmlyf edsedcapa` fmfl gbybhfhmfl tbrhbltumlyf fsfg

frfmja`dlft yflo gblojfsacmfl rf`amfc hbhfs yflo hbrcbhaj.

2.  Fpdptdsas

Yalyfc mbgfatfl sbc `atbrusmfl m b Lumcbus dcbj gbghrfl hdul ` fpdp tdtai

hd`abs tbrkf`a mdl`blsfsa mrdgftal `fl pcbldtam luicba, erfogbltfsa @LF `fl

fmjarlyf sbc fmfl gblombrut (sjralmfob).

@.  Kblas-Kblas Prfugf Mbpfcf

6.  Ib`brf mbpfcf ralofl ( IMX ) Kamf OIY fltfrf 69-62, `fpft tbrkf`a mbjacflofl

mbsf`frfl murflo `fra 9> gblat, tbtfpa f`f yflo gblybhut murflo `fra 8 kfg,

 kamf f`f pblybrtf sbpbrta erfmtur tblomdrfm, mdltusad ftfu tbgdtdg (sbmatfr

22%).

8.   Ib`brf mbpfcf mbpfcf sb`flo ( IMY ) kamf OIY fltfrf 1-68, jacflo mbsf`frfl

ftfu fglbsaf fltfrf 9> gblat -80 kfg, `fpft gblofcfga erfmtur tblomdrfm,

`asdrabltfsa ralofl ( haloulo ).

9.   Ib`brf mbpfcf hbrft ( IMH ) kamf OIY 9-:, jacflo mbsf`frfl cbhaj `fra 80 kfg,

 kuof gbcapu ta idltusad ibrbhrfc, cfsbrfsa ftfu f`flyf jbgftdalf ftfu b`bgf.

B.  ^blftfcfmsflffl Prfugf mbpfcf

^blftfcfmsflffl gb`am ib`brf mbpfcf yflo utfgf f`fcfj gblibofj tbrkf`alyf
ib`brf dtfm sbmul`br. Ib`brf dtfm sbmul`br `asbhfhmfl dcbj efmtdr sastbgam

sbpbrta japdtblsa ftfu japdmsaf ftfu dcbj mfrblf mdgprbsa kfralofl dtfm.

(Pullbr,8>>>)^bloftfsfl lybra yflo f`bmuft kuof `arbmdgbl`fsamfl pf`f

 pbl`brtaf ib`brfmbpfcf (Purlbr, 8 >>>)

^blftfcfmsflffl ugug f`fcfj;

6.   Lacfa eulosa sfcurfl lfe fs `fl rbsparfsa

8.  Ytfhacasfsa vbrtbhrftf sbrvamfcas pf`f sbguf mfsus trfugf

9.  Hbramfl dmsaoblfsa

0.  Fwfsa tbmflfl `frfj

2.  Mblfca tfl`f-tfl`f sjdim fmahft japdvbcbgam ftfu lburdoblam

5.  Ftfsa sjdim

?.  Fwfsa mbgulomalfl guliuclyf mbkflo.

^blftfcfmsflffl cfallyf;

6.  @bxfgbtjfsdl/mfcgbtjfsdl sbhfofa pblodhftfl flta b`bgf sbrbhrfc, `dsas

sbsufa `blofl hbrft ralofllyf trfugf.

8.   Pjbrfpa japbrvbltacfsa (trfugf mbpfcf hbrft). Rltum gblourfloa vfsd`acftfsa.

9.   ^bghbrafl flfcobtamf

0.  ^blodhftfl flta db`bgf `blofl cfrutfl japbrtdlas yfatu gflatdc 8>% ftfu

ocumdsf 0> % ftfu 6> %.

2.   Fltahadtamf yflo gblofl`ulo hfrrabr `frfj dtfm (pblasacal).

5.   Gfmflfl ftfu ifarfl. ^f`f trfugf ralofl hacf tbrkf`a gultfj-gultfj ta`fm

`fpft `ahbramfl fpf-fpf, jflyf ifarfl aleus `bxtrdsf 2%, fgaldeusal,

fgaldebc (6: kfg pbrtfgf `fl tbrkf`alyf mbibcfmffl), 8-9 jfra mbgu`afl

`ahbramflf gfmflfl culfm, ^f`f trfugf hbrft, jfra-jfra pbrtfgf (8-9 jfra),

ta`fm tbrcfcu

 hflyfm ifarfl. @bxtrdsf 2% ultum : kfg pbrtfgf, ralobr `bxtrdsb ultum : kfg
mb`uf `fl `bxtrdsf 2% ultum : kfg mbtaof. ^f`f jfra sbcflkutlyf hacf
 mbsf`frflrbl`fj, gfmflfl `ahbramfl gbcfcua lot (82>>-9>>> tmtp).

^bghbrafl prdtbal tbrofltulo lacfa urbf.

Pal`fmfl tbrjf`fp pblalomtftfl PAM yfatu;

6.   ^bgfltfufl PAM `blofl mbtft

8.   Dmsaoblasfsa f`bmuft

9.   ^bghbrafl gflatdc

0.   ^blooulffl stbrda`

2.   ^blalomftfl mbpfcf tbgpft ta`ur

5.   Hb`fj lburd.

Pal`fmfl pbl`umulo cfal yfatu;

6.   @umulofl vbltacfsa

8.   ^blibofjfl mbkflo

9.   ^bgbcajfrffl ifarfl, bcbmtrdcat `fl mbsbaghflofl lutrasa

0.   Pbrfpa flta mdlvucsfl

2.   Mcdrprdgfzal ultum gblblflomfl mcabl

5.   ^bgfsflofl sbcflo lfsdofstram. (Gflskdbr, `mm, 8>>>).

E.  MFYRY FYRJFL MB^BXF_FPFL

 –Fsujfl  Mbpbrfwftfl ^f`f Fl ‗F‗  @blofl Ib`brf Mbpfcf Hbrft

@a Xuflo AO@ XYR^ Yflocfj

@blpfsfr Pfjul 8>86‗ 

Xuflofl ; AO@ Pfloofc Gfsum XY ; 62 Fprac 8>86

Ld XG; 8>668900 Pfloofc ^blomfkafl; 62 Fprac 8>86

6.   A`bltatfs ^fsabl

Lfgf ; Flfm ‗F‗ 

Rsaf ; 6: Pfjul

Kblas Mbcfgal ; Cfma-cfma

Yumu Hflosf ; Al`dlbsaf

Fofgf ; Jal`u

@afoldsas Gb`as ; Ib`brf Mbpfcf Hbrft OIY

9
Fcfgft ; @blpfsfr

_frlf Prafob ; Gbrfj

8.  ^blomfkafl 

^XAGFXQ YRXUBQ  ;

•   Farwfy ;

Ja`ulo / Gucut ; F`flyf

@frfj Yufrf Lfpfs ; Ytra`dr ,

Ourocalo

Gfsfcfj Mbpbrfwftfl ; Mbta`fmbebmtaefl hbrsajfl kfcfl lfefs

6>
•   Hrbftjalo ; 
•  Xbsparfsa; 9>x/Gblat
 •  Pfmaplbf
•  Xbtrfmsa `f`f
•  ^brlfpfsfl Iupalo Ja`ulo
•  Yufrf Lfpfs ; Ytra`dr, Ourocalo

Gfsfcfj Mbpbrfwftfl; Mbta`fmbebmtaefl pdcf lfefs

•   Iariucftadl ;

 Lf`a tbrfhf, arfgf tbrftur

P@; 6>>/5> ggJo

P; 9?,2 dI
Ifpaccfry Xbeacc Pagb 3 8 `btam
Fmrfc jfloft

Purodr mucat ldrgfc

Gfsfcfj Mbpbrfwftfl; Pa`fm F`f Gfsfcfj Mbpbrfwftfl

•   @asfhacaty ;

Palomft Mbsf`frfl; OIY; 9

^upac flasdmdr

Mbmutfl dtdt
> >

> >
Mbtbrflofl ;

>; Pa`fm `fpft hbrmdltrfmsa

6; Jflyf `fpft hbrmdltrfmsa
8; F`f pbrobrfmfl ta`fm gfgu gbcfwfl ofyf
orfvatfsa
9; F`f pbrobrfmfl jflyf `fpft gbloftfsa
ofyf orfvatfsa

0; Gfgpu gbcfwfl ofyf orfvatfsa `fl gbcfwfl sb`amat tfjflfl

2; Gfgpu gbcfwfl orfvatfsa `fl gbcfwfl tfjflfl yflo gfmsagfc

66

•   Yblsfhacatfs
 ^fsabl gblofcfga pblurulfl mbsf`frfl, ta`fm gfgpu

gblbcfl far `fl gfmflfl

Gfsfcfj Mbpbrfwft fl; Mbta`fmbebmtaefl pbreusa kfralofl sbrbhrfc

YBIDL@FXQ YRXUBQ

f.  ^blomfkafl

•   Mbcujfl Rtfgf

^blurulfl mbsf`frfl sbtbcfj gblofcfga mbibcfmffl cfcu-caltfs 

•   Xawfyft ^blyfmat Ybmfrflo

Mbcufrof mcabl gbloftfmfl , mcabl ta`fm sf`frmfl `ara ¶ 8 kfg sbhbcug

gfsum rugfj sfmat mfrblf mbibcfmffl cfcu caltfs `atfhrfm dcbj gdtdr `a kfcfl,

mbcufrof gbloftfmfl mbf`ffl mcabl gultfj- gultfj `blofl

gblobcufrmfl ifarfl `frfj mdlsastblsa ifar pbmft. Cfcu mcabl sbobrf
`ahfwf mb XYR^
Yflocfj @blpfsfr ultum gbl`fpftmfl pbrtdcdlofl. Ybsfgpfalyf `a XY
mcabl `blofl pblurulfl mbsf`frfl OIY 9 (B6G6U6)cflosulo
gfsum mbruflofl pbrfwftfl ^radratfs 6 (Prafob Gbrfj) `fl `acfmumfl
tal`fmfl gbghbrsajmfl kfcfl lfefs `fl gbgfsflo BPP sbrtf fcft
hfltu lfefs vbltacftdr pf`f tfloofc 62 Fprac 8>86 kfg >1.>> _APF.
^f`f tfloofc 62 Fprac 8>86 pumuc >1;9> _APF `a cfmumfl pblomfkafl
mfsus mbpbrfwftfl
`fl `a`fpftmfl jfsac mcabl gblofcfga pblurulfl mbsf`frfl `blofl OIY 8

(B6UxG6), tbrpfsflo gdlatdr, tbrpfsflo gdlatdr BMO, tbrpfsflo

AUE@ Xalobreul`al 8> tts/gblat, tbrpfsflo mftbtbr, P@7 6>>/5> ggJo ,
XX7
9>x/gblat, P7 9?,2 >I, JX7 52x/gblat, f`flyf kbkfs `a `fbrfj gftf,
papa, cumf `a hfoafl mbpfcf hbcfmflo sbhbcfj mflfl hbrumurfl 9 ig
`fl tbr`fpft `frfj `fra gucut.

•   Xawfyft ^blyfmat @fjucu 

Mbcufrof gbloftfmfl Mcabl hbcug pbrlfj gblofcfga mbibcfmffl hbrft

sbpbrta sbmfrflo ala `fl kuof ta`fm f`f rawfyft pblyfmat mrdlas `fl fmut

sbhbcuglyf sbpbrta japbrtblsa `fl @G.

68
 •  Xawfyft Mbcufrof ; ta`fm `a mfka

•  Xawfyft fcbroa ; ta`fm f`f

•  Xawfyft Gbrdmdm ; Mbcufrof mcabl gbloftfmfl mcabl pbrdmdm fmtae

h.  ^bgbramsffl easam

6  Mbf`ffl Rgug ; ^blurulfl

mbsf`frfl 8  Pfl`f Uatfc
Pblsa 6>>/5> ggjo

Yuju ; 9?.5 ‚i 

 Lf`a ; :2 mfca/gblat
Xbsparfsa 9> mfca/gblat

9  Mbpfcf ; fsagbtras, pbr`frfjfl, hblomfm, bijygdsas,

0  Gftf ; Calomfr gftf mbharufl, flbgas, rbspdl pupac flasdmdr

2  Pbcalof ; ta`fm f`f mbcfalfl

5  Ja`ulo ; cbibt, mbgbrfjfl, cfsbrfsa

?  Cbjbr ; ta`fm f`f mbcfalfl

:  @f`f/^fru ; `f`f sagtbras, rbsparfsa 9> mfca/gblat, lfefs ta`fm tbrftur

1  Fh`dgbl ; sagtbras, cbibt/cfsbrfsa/kbkfs

6>  Oblbtfcaf ; ta`fm f`f mbcfalfl
66  Bmstrbgatfs sbhbcfj mflf lf` f
kbkfs/cumf 68  Mucat ; f`f Cumf , bijygdsas

i.  ^blomfkafl ^samdsdsafc, Hu`fyf `fl Ypratufc

^samdcdoas ; Pa`fm `amfka

Ydsafc ; Pa`fm `amfka

Hu`fyf ; Pa`fm `amfka

Yparatufc ; Pa`fm `amfka

69

`.  ^bgbramsffl ^blulkflo

 Cfhdrftdraug Magaf `frfj

Pfloofc pbgbramsffl 62 fprac 8>86

^bgbramsff l Jfsac Yftufl Lacfa ldrgfc

Ocumdsf sbwfmtu 62> go/`c ?>-60>

Rrbf 98 go/`c 6>-2>

Mrbftalal 6,>> go/`c >,2-6,8

YODP 89 u/C >-96

YO^P 60 u/C >-98

M 06 Ggdc/C 9,0-2,0

 Lf 602 Ggdc/C 692-622

Ic 11 Ggdc/C 12-6>:

JhsFo Lboftae

_HI 60,21 ]6>\9/uCW 0,:-6>,:

XHI 9,11 ]6>\5/uCW 0,8-2,0

JOH 6>,9 ]o/`CW 68-65

JIP 98,5 ]%W 9?-0?

60

^blodhftfl
 Ifrf
Ld Lfgf Pbrfpa @dsas Odcdlofl Dhft
^bghbrafl

6 Ibetrafxdlb 8x6 Or A.U Fltahadtam

8 ^frfibtfgdc 9x6 or A.U Fltaparbtam

9 Dgbpbrfzdcb 6x0> gc A.U Flfcobtam

0 @dhutfgal 62> or Mdltalyu A.U Dhft kfltulo

2 Xalobr Eul`al 2>>ii Mdltalyu A.U Bcbmtrdcat

62

b.  Flfcasf @ftf

Ld @FPF BPADCDO A GFYFCFJ

6 @Y ; ta`fm `fpft `alacfa Mbta`fmbebmtaefl

Ia`brf mbpfcf
@D ;  hbrsajfl kfcfl

6.   Mdl`asa ugug ; Ia`brf dtfm pragbr lfefs

 pblurulfl
Mbrusfmfl Ybc dtfm 
mbsf`frfl

8.   Mbsf`frfl; idgf rflosflofl sagpftas

9.   Pbrpfsflo
tfjflfl
Ubltacftdr, vfsmucbrYastbgam &

0. XX; 9>x/g,

tbm.
 L ; 52x/G ^bgh.`frfj^ucgdlfc

P ; 9?,2>I

P@; 6>>/5> ggJo tbm. Ja`rdstftam

2.   Pbr`fpft sbirbt `a mbhdidrfl ifarfl mfpacbr

sbcflo BPP `fl

db`bgf pfru
gucut

5.  Yufrf ^blugpumfl ifarfl/sbirbt

lfefs

tfghfjfl stra`dr @aeusa D8 tbrjfghft

Mbta`fmbebmtaefl
hbrsajfl kfcfl

65
 Ia`brf mbpfcf
@D ; bebmtaefl

6.   Mdl`asa ugug; Ia`brf dtfm pragbr pbreusa

 pblurulfl  kfralofl

mbsf`frfl Mbrusfmfl Ybc dtfm  sbrbhrfc

8.   Mbsf`frfl; idgf

9.   OIY; 8 (B6UxG6) Ofloouflfutdrboucfsa

0.   Pbrpfsflo
Fcarfl `frfj mbdtfm 
Ubltacftdr, D8 

2. XX; 9>x/g,
oflooufl
 L ; 52x/G gbtfhdcasgb

P ; 9?,2>I
Fsfg cfmtft 
P@; 6>>/5> ggJo

5.   ^upac flasdmdr
Fsfg cfmtft 
?.   Mbharufl sbmatfr

Mbta`fmbebmtaefl pbreusa
gftf (kbkfs)
 kfralofl ibrbhrfc
:.   Mbpfcf hblomfm

`fl fsagbtras

6?

9 @Y ; ta`fm `fpft `alacfa Mbta`fmbebmta

Mbibcfmffl cfcu caltfs